J/A+A/679/A109 GaiaDR3 Galactic runaway O, Be stars (Carretero-Castrillo+, 2023)
Galactic runaway O and Be stars found using Gaia DR3.
Carretero-Castrillo M., Ribo M., Paredes J.M.
<Astron. Astrophys. 679, A109 (2023)>
=2023A&A...679A.109C 2023A&A...679A.109C (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Milky Way ; Stars, Be ; Stars, O ; Stars, high-velocity ;
Space velocities ; Proper motions ; Stars, distances
Keywords: catalogs - stars: early-type - stars: emission-line, Be -
stars: kinematics and dynamics - X-rays: binaries - gamma rays: stars
Abstract:
A relevant fraction of massive stars are runaway stars. These stars
move with a significant peculiar velocity with respect to their
environment.
We aim to discover and characterize the population of massive and
early-type runaway stars in the GOSC and BeSS catalogs using Gaia DR3
astrometric data.
We present a two-dimensional method in the velocity space to discover
runaway stars as those that deviate significantly from the velocity
distribution of field stars. Field stars are considered to follow the
Galactic rotation curve.
We found 106 O runaway stars, 42 of which were not previously
identified as runaways. We found 69 Be runaway stars, 47 of which were
not previously identified as runaways. The dispersion of runaway stars
is a few times higher in Z and b than that of field stars. This is
explained by the ejections they underwent when they became runaways.
The percentage of runaways is 25.4% for O-type stars, and it is 5.2%
for Be-type stars. In addition, we conducted simulations in three
dimensions for our catalogs. They revealed that these percentages
could increase to ∼30% and ∼6.7%, respectively. Our runaway stars
include seven X-ray binaries and one gamma-ray binary. Moreover, we
obtain velocity dispersions of ∼5km/s perpendicular to the Galactic
plane for O- and Be-type field stars. These values increase in the
Galactic plane to ∼7km/s for O-type stars due to uncertainties and to
∼9km/s for Be-type stars due to Galactic velocity diffusion.
The excellent Gaia DR3 astrometric data have allowed us to identify a
significant number of O-type and Be-type runaways in the GOSC and BeSS
catalogs. The higher percentages and higher velocities found for
O-type compared to Be-type runaways underline that the dynamical
ejection scenario is more likely that the binary supernova scenario.
Our results open the door to identifying new high-energy systems among
our runaways by conducting detailed studies.
Description:
We cross-matched the Galactic O-Star Catalog (GOSC) (Maiz Apellaniz et
al., 2013msao.confE.198M, http://gosc.cab.inta-csic.es) and the Be
Star Spectra Database (BeSS) (Neiner et al.. 2011AJ....142..149N 2011AJ....142..149N,
http://basebe.obspm.fr) with Gaia DR3 data (Gaia Collaboration et al.,
2023A&A...674A...1G 2023A&A...674A...1G). After applying different quality cuts, we
produced the GOSC-Gaia DR3 and BeSS-Gaia DR3 catalogs. We searched for
runaway stars among these catalogs. We provide here two tables
containing different data for the 106 O-type and 69 Be-type runaway
stars found among the GOSC-Gaia DR3 and BeSS-Gaia DR3 catalogs,
respectively. The runaway stars are listed in decreasing order of
their E values. E is the normalized significance of the runaway nature
of each star.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
gosc.dat 334 106 Data of the runaway stars found in the
GOSC-Gaia DR3 catalog (table 3)
bess.dat 268 69 Data of the runaway stars found in the
BeSS-Gaia DR3 catalog (table 4)
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See also:
III/274 : Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS) (Sota+, 2014)
http://gosc.cab.inta-csic.es : GOSC Home Page
http://basebe.obspm.fr : BeSS Home Page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: gosc.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 16 A16 --- GOSC Most common name of the star from the
GOSC catalog
18- 36 I19 --- GaiaDR3 Gaia DR3 source identifier
38- 39 I2 h RAh Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
from Gaia DR3
41- 42 I2 min RAm Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
from Gaia DR3
44- 49 F6.3 s RAs Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
from Gaia DR3
52 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
from Gaia DR3
53- 54 I2 deg DEd Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
from Gaia DR3
56- 57 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
from Gaia DR3
59- 63 F5.2 arcsec DEs Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
from Gaia DR3
65- 74 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
from Gaia DR3
76- 85 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
from Gaia DR3
87- 96 F10.6 deg GLON Galactic longitude from Gaia DR3
98-107 F10.6 deg GLAT Galactic latitude from Gaia DR3
109-112 F4.2 kpc Dist Distance from the Sun computed in this work
114-117 F4.2 kpc e_Dist Standard error of distance from the Sun
computed in this work
119-123 F5.2 mag Gmag G-band mean magnitude from Gaia DR3
125-129 A5 --- SpTypeG Spectral Type from the GOSC catalog
131-136 A6 --- LClassG Luminosity classification from the
GOSC catalog
138-144 F7.3 mas/yr pmRA* Proper motion in right ascension direction
from Gaia DR3, pnRA*cosDE
146-150 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmRA* Standard error of proper motion in right
ascension direction from Gaia DR3
152-158 F7.3 mas/yr pmDE Proper motion in declination direction
from Gaia DR3
160-164 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmDE Standard error of proper motion in
declination direction from Gaia DR3
166-172 F7.3 mas/yr pml* Proper motion in Galactic longitude
direction computed in this work, pml*cosb
174-178 F5.3 mas/yr e_pml* Standard error of proper motion in Galactic
longitude direction computed in this work
180-186 F7.3 mas/yr pmb Proper motion in Galactic latitude direction
computed in this work
188-192 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmb Standard error of proper motion in Galactic
latitude direction computed in this work
194-199 F6.1 km/s VTAN Tangential velocity (positive toward
increasing l) computed in this work
201-204 F4.1 km/s e_VTAN Standard error of tangential velocity
(positive toward increasing l)
computed in this work
206-211 F6.1 km/s WRSR Galactic velocity W (positive toward the
NGP) computed in this work
213-216 F4.1 km/s e_WRSR Standard error of Galactic velocity W
(positive toward the NGP)
computed in this work
218-222 F5.1 km/s Vpec2D Peculiar 2-dimensional (2D) velocity
computed in this work
224-227 F4.1 km/s e_Vpec2D Standard error of peculiar 2D velocity
computed in this work
229-232 F4.2 --- E Normalized significance of the runaway
nature of the star computed in this work
234-259 A26 --- RunRef Runaway reference in case the star had
already been reported as runaway (G1)
261-263 A3 --- Comments Additional information (G2)
265-302 A38 --- Cl/Neb Young cluster/nebula membership (1)
304-334 A31 --- Assoc Association membership (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): membership from the WEBDA (https://webda.physics.muni.cz),
Dias et al. (Cat. B/ocl), NGC 2000 (Cat. VII/118/),
Sharpless (1959ApJS....4..257S 1959ApJS....4..257S, Cat. VII/20), RCW (1960, Cat. VII/216/),
and WISE lists (plus modifications).
Note (2): membership from the Humphreys (1978ApJS...38..309H 1978ApJS...38..309H) and de
Zeeuw et al. (1999AJ....117..354D 1999AJ....117..354D, Cat. J/AJ/117/354) lists
(plus modifications).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: bess.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 25 A25 --- BeSS Most common name of the star from the
BeSS catalog
27- 45 I19 --- GaiaDR3 Gaia DR3 source identifier
47- 48 I2 h RAh Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
from Gaia DR3
50- 51 I2 min RAm Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
from Gaia DR3
53- 58 F6.3 s RAs Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
from Gaia DR3
61 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
from Gaia DR3
62- 63 I2 deg DEd Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
from Gaia DR3
65- 66 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
from Gaia DR3
68- 72 F5.2 arcsec DEs Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
from Gaia DR3
74- 83 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
from Gaia DR3
85- 94 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
from Gaia DR3
96-105 F10.6 deg GLON Galactic longitude from Gaia DR3
107-116 F10.6 deg GLAT Galactic latitude from Gaia DR3
118-121 F4.2 kpc Dist Distance from the Sun computed in this work
123-126 F4.2 kpc e_Dist Standard error of distance from the Sun
computed in this work
128-132 F5.2 mag Gmag G-band mean magnitude from Gaia DR3
134-140 A7 --- SpTypeB Spectral Type from the BeSS database
142-144 A3 --- LClassB Luminosity classification
from the BeSS database
146-152 F7.3 mas/yr pmRA* Proper motion in right ascension direction
from Gaia DR3, pmRA*cosDE
154-158 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmRA* Standard error of proper motion in
right ascension direction from Gaia DR3
160-166 F7.3 mas/yr pmDE Proper motion in declination direction
from Gaia DR3
168-172 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmDE Standard error of proper motion in
declination direction from Gaia DR3
174-180 F7.3 mas/yr pml* Proper motion in Galactic longitude
direction computed in this work, pml*cosb
182-186 F5.3 mas/yr e_pml* Standard error of proper motion in Galactic
longitude direction computed in this work
188-194 F7.3 mas/yr pmb Proper motion in Galactic latitude direction
computed in this work
196-200 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmb Standard error of proper motion in Galactic
latitude direction computed in this work
202-207 F6.1 km/s VTAN Tangential velocity (positive toward
increasing l) computed in this work
209-212 F4.1 km/s e_VTAN Standard error of tangential velocity
(positive toward increasing l)
computed in this work
214-218 F5.1 km/s WRSR Galactic velocity W (positive toward the
NGP) computed in this work
220-223 F4.1 km/s e_WRSR Standard error of Galactic velocity W
(positive toward the NGP)
computed in this work
225-229 F5.1 km/s Vpec2D Peculiar 2-dimensional (2D) velocity
computed in this work
231-234 F4.1 km/s e_Vpec2D Standard error of peculiar 2D velocity
computed in this work
236-239 F4.2 --- E Normalized significance of the runaway
nature of the star computed in this work
241-266 A26 --- RunRef Runaway reference in case the star had
already been reported as runaway (G1)
268 A1 --- Comments Additional information (G2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global notes:
Note (G1): References as follows:
BekensteinandBowers_1974 = Bekenstein & Bowers (1974ApJ...190..653B 1974ApJ...190..653B)
BoubertandEvans_2018 = Boubert & Evans (2018MNRAS.477.5261B 2018MNRAS.477.5261B)
BurenandMcCray_1988 = Van Buren and McCray (1988ApJ...329L..93V 1988ApJ...329L..93V)
Colonetal._1990 = Colon et al. (1990A&A...236..357C 1990A&A...236..357C)
Cruz-Gonzalezetal._1974 = Cruz-gonzalez et al. (1974RMxAA...1..211C 1974RMxAA...1..211C,
Cat. III/84)
Gies_1987 = Gies & Bolton (1986ApJS...61..419G 1986ApJS...61..419G)
Hoogerwerfetal._2001 = Hoogerwerf et al. (2001A&A...365...49H 2001A&A...365...49H)
KobulnickyandChick_2022 = Kobulnicky & Chick (2022AJ....164...86K 2022AJ....164...86K,
Cat. J/AJ/164/86)
Maiz Apellanizetal._2018 = Maiz-apellaniz et al. (2018A&A...616A.149M 2018A&A...616A.149M,
Cat. J/A+A/616/A149)
Moutzourietal._2022 = Moutzouri et al. (2022A&A...663A..80M 2022A&A...663A..80M)
Perietal._2015 = Peri et al. (2015A&A...578A..45P 2015A&A...578A..45P,
Cat. J/A+A/578/A45)
Riboetal. 2002 = Ribo et al. (2002A&A...384..954R 2002A&A...384..954R)
Tetzlaffetal._2011 = Tetzlaff et al. (2011MNRAS.410..190T 2011MNRAS.410..190T,
Cat. J/MNRAS/410/190)
VandenHeuveletal._2000 = Van den Heuvel et al. (2000A&A...364..563V 2000A&A...364..563V)
VanderBurenetal._1995 = Van Buren et al. (1995AJ....110.2914V 1995AJ....110.2914V)
Wit_2005 = de Wit et al. (2005A&A...437..247D 2005A&A...437..247D)
Note (G2): Additional information as follows:
f = fast rotator stars (Britavskiy et al., 2023A&A...672A..22B 2023A&A...672A..22B,
Cat. J/MNRAS/525/1641)
b = for binary hints (Brandt, 2021ApJS..254...42B 2021ApJS..254...42B , Cat. J/ApJS/254/42)
h = for high-mass X-ray binaries (Fortin et al., 2023A&A...671A.149F 2023A&A...671A.149F,
Cat. J/A+A/571/A149)
g = for gamma-ray binaries (Bordas, 2023, in 7th Heidelberg International
Symposium on High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy (Gamma2022), 133)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Mar Carretero-Castrillo, mcarretero (at) fqa.ub.edu,
mcarretero (at) icc.ub.edu
(End) M. Carretero-Castrillo [Univ. de Barcelona], P, Vannier [CDS] 23-Oct-2023