J/A+A/679/A57 CRIRES-POP III. 10 Leo line identification (Zendel+, 2023)
CRIRES-POP: A library of high resolution spectra in the near-infrared.
III. Line identification in the K giant 10 Leo.
Zendel M., Lebzelter T., Nicholls C.P.
<Astron. Astrophys. 679, A57 (2023)>
=2023A&A...679A..57Z 2023A&A...679A..57Z (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, giant ; Stars, K-type ; Spectra, infrared ;
Spectroscopy
Keywords: atlases - stars: atmospheres - stars: late-type - line: identification
Abstract:
High-resolution spectra in the near-infrared (NIR) are an important
tool for the detailed study of stellar atmospheres. The accurate
identification of elements and molecules in these spectra can be used
to determine chemical abundances and physical conditions in the
photosphere of the observed star. Such identifications require precise
line positions and strengths of both atomic and molecular features.
This work focuses on the full identification of absorption lines in
the NIR spectrum of the K giant 10 Leo, including previously
unidentified lines. The large number and complexity of the observed
absorption lines require a deep search for potential spectral
signatures, to enable unambiguous assignment to specific elements or
molecular species. We aim at improving published line lists of metals,
some of which are determined by model calculations only, and many of
which presently lack completeness and accuracy of line parameters.
The CRIRES-POP (CRyogenic high-resolution InfraRed Echelle
Spectrograph-Paranal Observatory Project) provided high-resolution,
high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio spectra of several bright stars in
the 1 to 5um range. For the K-giant 10 Leo, a spectrum corrected
for telluric absorption and with precise wavelength calibration is
available. This has been analysed by comparison with model spectra and
up-to-date line lists.
We identified lines of 29 elements and 8 molecular species. While the
positions of many known lines could be confirmed, about 6% of all
lines detected in 10 Leo could not be attributed to any known feature.
For CO and its isotopologues, molecular constants could be derived and
several additional lines identified. We report major inconsistencies
for some prominent lines. In addition, abundances for several key
elements in 10 Leo are provided.
Description:
We applied two approaches to identify the lines found in the
NIR spectrum of 10 Leo. First, we used the Vienna atomic line database
(VALD3) provided by Ryabchikova et al. (2015, Phys. Scr., 90, 054005)
to determine all of the lines that are known or expected in the
wavelength range covered.
Second, we used the Arcturus atlas by Hinkle et al. (1995, Infrared
atlas of the Arcturus spectrum, 0.9-5.3 microns (Astronomical Society
of the Pacific)).
We provide a compendium of line identifications for a K giant that is
as complete as possible. This includes more than 16000 lines from
molecules and atoms, detected in the pipeline-reduced and fully
corrected high-resolution NIR spectrum of the cool star 10 Leo, and
their assignment to atomic and molecular species.
Objects:
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RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
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09 37 12.67 +06 50 08.9 10 Leo = HD 83240
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
tab10-yj.dat 66 4096 10 Leo line list YJ band
tab10-h.dat 66 4741 10 Leo line list H band
tab10-k.dat 66 3213 10 Leo line list K band
tab10-l.dat 66 1719 10 Leo line list L band
tab10-m.dat 66 2661 10 Leo line list M band
tablec.dat 57 5481 Missing match with VALD3
tableg.dat 59 176 Missing match with Arcturus atlas
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See also:
J/A+A/539/A109 : CRIRES-POP: high resolution IR spectra library
(Lebzelter+, 2012)
J/A+A/598/A79 : 10 Leo in YJ, H, K, L and M bands spectra (Nicholls+, 2017)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tab10-*.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 F8.2 cm-1 v Wavenumber (observed)
10- 15 F6.3 -- 1-F Absorptance (observed)
17- 20 I4 10-4nm EW0 Equivalent width (observed)
23- 29 F7.2 nm WLobs Wavelength (observed)
31- 37 F7.2 nm WLvald ?=- Wavelength VALD3
39- 42 A4 -- ID Ion/molecule (1)
44- 60 A17 -- Trans Transition (2)
62- 64 A3 -- cp Line quality (3)
66 A1 -- M Catalogue Match (4)
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Note (1): U means line without a known identification
Note (2): R=R-branch, P=P-branch, Q=Q-branch
Note (3): Indicator for the level of blending and quality for each line with
the following meaning:
S = single component
D = two components
T = three components
QN = N components
X = uncertain continuum level affecting the shape and depth of the line
Note (4): distinguishing various levels of agreement with the VALD3 database
and the Arcturus atlas, respectively (see Table 11).
Table 11: Number of line matches between 10 Leo (observed),
VALD3 (calculated), and Arcturus (observed, Hinkle atlas)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Category 10 Leo VALD3 Arcturus YJ H K L M sum
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
A y y y 1367 1375 971 358 1078 5149
B y y n 1941 2958 1984 824 1498 9205
C n y n 1003 2104 1184 702 491 5484
D n y y 9 113 13 3 7 145
E y n y 60 84 13 93 1 251
F y n n 729 324 245 444 84 1826
G n n y 4 82 15 67 7 175
sum 5113 7040 4424 2491 3166 22235
U 436 303 196 415 84 1434
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 F8.2 cm-1 v Wavenumber (observed)
10- 15 F6.3 -- 1-F Absorptance (observed)
17- 20 A4 -- ID Ion/molecule
22- 38 A17 -- Trans Transition (1)
40- 51 A12 -- Presence Inconclusive or absent (2)
53- 57 F5.3 -- cdepth Synthetic cdepth from VALD3
(stellar extraction)
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Note (1): R=R branch, P=P branch, Q= Q branch
Note (2): indicate lines that are expected from the VALD3 based model or
have been identified in the Arcturus atlas, but do not have a
counterpart in the 10 Leo spectrum.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableg.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 F7.2 cm-1 v Wavenumber (observed)
9- 14 F6.3 -- 1-F Absorptance (observed)
17- 23 F7.2 nm WLarc Wavelength Arcturus
25- 28 A4 -- ID Ion/molecule
30- 46 A17 -- Trans Transition (1)
48- 59 A12 -- Presence Inconclusive or IDconflict (2)
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Note (1): R=R branch, P=P branch, Q=Q branch
Note (2): indicates lines that are expected from the Arcturus atlas, but do
not have a counterpart in the 10 Leo spectrum including also 28 lines where
the identification in the Arcturus atlas and from VALD3 is not the same
('IDconflict').
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Acknowledgements:
Manfred Zendel, m.zendel(at)aon.at
References:
Lebzelter et al., Paper I 2012A&A...539A.109L 2012A&A...539A.109L, Cat. J/A+A/539/A109
Nicholls et al., Paper II 2017A&A...598A..79N 2017A&A...598A..79N, Cat. J/A+A/598/A79
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 25-Sep-2023