J/A+A/680/A15 1909-2022 Carrington filament properties (Chatzistergos+, 2023)
Analysis of full disc Hα observations:
Carrington maps and filament properties in 1909-2022.
Chatzistergos T., Ermolli I., Banerjee D., Barata T., Chouinavas I.,
Falco M., Gafeira R., Giorgi F., Hanaoka Y., Krivova N.A., Korokhin V.V.,
Lourenco A., Marchenko G.P., Malherbe J.-M., Peixinho N., Romano P.,
Sakurai T.
<Astron. Astrophys. 680, A15 (2023)>
=2023A&A...680A..15C 2023A&A...680A..15C (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Sun
Keywords: Sun: activity - Sun: chromosphere - Sun: filaments, prominences -
astronomical databases: miscellaneous - Sun: rotation
Abstract:
Full-disc observations of the Sun in the Hα line provide
information about the solar chromosphere, and in particular, about the
filaments, which are dark and elongated features that lie along
magnetic field polarity-inversion lines. This makes them important for
studies of solar magnetism. Because full-disc Hα observations
have been performed at various sites since the second half of the 19th
century, with regular photographic data having started at the
beginning of the 20th century, they are an invaluable source of
information on past solar magnetism.
We derive accurate information about filaments from historical and
modern full-disc Hα observations.
We consistently processed observations from 15 Hα archives
spanning 1909-2022. The analysed datasets include long-running ones
such as those from Meudon and Kodaikanal, but also previously
unexplored datasets such as those from Arcetri, Boulder, Larissa, and
Upice. Our data processing includes photometric calibration of the
data stored on photographic plates, the compensation for
limb-darkening, and the orientation of the data to align solar north
at the top of the images. We also constructed Carrington maps from the
calibrated Hα images.
We find that filament areas, similar to plage areas in CaII K data,
are affected by the bandwidth of the observation. Thus, a cross
calibration of the filament areas derived from different archives is
needed. We produced a composite of filament areas from individual
archives by scaling all of them to the Meudon series. Our composite
butterfly diagram very distinctly shows the common features of
filament evolution, that is, the poleward migration as well as a
decrease in the mean latitude of filaments as the cycle progresses. We
also find that during activity maxima, filaments cover ∼1% of the
solar surface on average. The change in the amplitude of cycles in
filament areas is weaker than in sunspot and plage areas.
Analysis of Hα data for archives with contemporaneous CaII K
observations allowed us to identify and verify archive
inconsistencies, which also have implications for reconstructions of
past solar magnetism and irradiance from CaII K data.
Description:
Daily values of the filament area composite series.
We used full-disc Hα (6562.79Å) observations from 15 archives.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
comp.dat 1458 36192 Filament series, daily values within latitudinal
bins of 1 degree
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: comp.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- Year Year
6- 7 I2 --- Month Month
9- 10 I2 --- Day Day
12- 18 F7.2 yr Date Calendar date in decimal year
20- 26 F7.5 --- FilArea1 Projected filament area 1 (1)
28- 34 F7.5 --- FilArea2 Projected filament area 2 (1)
36- 42 F7.5 --- FilArea3 Projected filament area 3 (1)
44- 50 F7.5 --- FilArea4 Projected filament area 4 (1)
52- 58 F7.5 --- FilArea5 Projected filament area 5 (1)
60- 66 F7.5 --- FilArea6 Projected filament area 6 (1)
68- 74 F7.5 --- FilArea7 Projected filament area 7 (1)
76- 82 F7.5 --- FilArea8 Projected filament area 8 (1)
84- 90 F7.5 --- FilArea9 Projected filament area 9 (1)
92- 98 F7.5 --- FilArea10 Projected filament area 10 (1)
100- 106 F7.5 --- FilArea11 Projected filament area 11 (1)
108- 114 F7.5 --- FilArea12 Projected filament area 12 (1)
116- 122 F7.5 --- FilArea13 Projected filament area 13 (1)
124- 130 F7.5 --- FilArea14 Projected filament area 14 (1)
132- 138 F7.5 --- FilArea15 Projected filament area 15 (1)
140- 146 F7.5 --- FilArea16 Projected filament area 16 (1)
148- 154 F7.5 --- FilArea17 Projected filament area 17 (1)
156- 162 F7.5 --- FilArea18 Projected filament area 18 (1)
164- 170 F7.5 --- FilArea19 Projected filament area 19 (1)
172- 178 F7.5 --- FilArea20 Projected filament area 20 (1)
180- 186 F7.5 --- FilArea21 Projected filament area 21 (1)
188- 194 F7.5 --- FilArea22 Projected filament area 22 (1)
196- 202 F7.5 --- FilArea23 Projected filament area 23 (1)
204- 210 F7.5 --- FilArea24 Projected filament area 24 (1)
212- 218 F7.5 --- FilArea25 Projected filament area 25 (1)
220- 226 F7.5 --- FilArea26 Projected filament area 26 (1)
228- 234 F7.5 --- FilArea27 Projected filament area 27 (1)
236- 242 F7.5 --- FilArea28 Projected filament area 28 (1)
244- 250 F7.5 --- FilArea29 Projected filament area 29 (1)
252- 258 F7.5 --- FilArea30 Projected filament area 30 (1)
260- 266 F7.5 --- FilArea31 Projected filament area 31 (1)
268- 274 F7.5 --- FilArea32 Projected filament area 32 (1)
276- 282 F7.5 --- FilArea33 Projected filament area 33 (1)
284- 290 F7.5 --- FilArea34 Projected filament area 34 (1)
292- 298 F7.5 --- FilArea35 Projected filament area 35 (1)
300- 306 F7.5 --- FilArea36 Projected filament area 36 (1)
308- 314 F7.5 --- FilArea37 Projected filament area 37 (1)
316- 322 F7.5 --- FilArea38 Projected filament area 38 (1)
324- 330 F7.5 --- FilArea39 Projected filament area 39 (1)
332- 338 F7.5 --- FilArea40 Projected filament area 40 (1)
340- 346 F7.5 --- FilArea41 Projected filament area 41 (1)
348- 354 F7.5 --- FilArea42 Projected filament area 42 (1)
356- 362 F7.5 --- FilArea43 Projected filament area 43 (1)
364- 370 F7.5 --- FilArea44 Projected filament area 44 (1)
372- 378 F7.5 --- FilArea45 Projected filament area 45 (1)
380- 386 F7.5 --- FilArea46 Projected filament area 46 (1)
388- 394 F7.5 --- FilArea47 Projected filament area 47 (1)
396- 402 F7.5 --- FilArea48 Projected filament area 48 (1)
404- 410 F7.5 --- FilArea49 Projected filament area 49 (1)
412- 418 F7.5 --- FilArea50 Projected filament area 50 (1)
420- 426 F7.5 --- FilArea51 Projected filament area 51 (1)
428- 434 F7.5 --- FilArea52 Projected filament area 52 (1)
436- 442 F7.5 --- FilArea53 Projected filament area 53 (1)
444- 450 F7.5 --- FilArea54 Projected filament area 54 (1)
452- 458 F7.5 --- FilArea55 Projected filament area 55 (1)
460- 466 F7.5 --- FilArea56 Projected filament area 56 (1)
468- 474 F7.5 --- FilArea57 Projected filament area 57 (1)
476- 482 F7.5 --- FilArea58 Projected filament area 58 (1)
484- 490 F7.5 --- FilArea59 Projected filament area 59 (1)
492- 498 F7.5 --- FilArea60 Projected filament area 60 (1)
500- 506 F7.5 --- FilArea61 Projected filament area 61 (1)
508- 514 F7.5 --- FilArea62 Projected filament area 62 (1)
516- 522 F7.5 --- FilArea63 Projected filament area 63 (1)
524- 530 F7.5 --- FilArea64 Projected filament area 64 (1)
532- 538 F7.5 --- FilArea65 Projected filament area 65 (1)
540- 546 F7.5 --- FilArea66 Projected filament area 66 (1)
548- 554 F7.5 --- FilArea67 Projected filament area 67 (1)
556- 562 F7.5 --- FilArea68 Projected filament area 68 (1)
564- 570 F7.5 --- FilArea69 Projected filament area 69 (1)
572- 578 F7.5 --- FilArea70 Projected filament area 70 (1)
580- 586 F7.5 --- FilArea71 Projected filament area 71 (1)
588- 594 F7.5 --- FilArea72 Projected filament area 72 (1)
596- 602 F7.5 --- FilArea73 Projected filament area 73 (1)
604- 610 F7.5 --- FilArea74 Projected filament area 74 (1)
612- 618 F7.5 --- FilArea75 Projected filament area 75 (1)
620- 626 F7.5 --- FilArea76 Projected filament area 76 (1)
628- 634 F7.5 --- FilArea77 Projected filament area 77 (1)
636- 642 F7.5 --- FilArea78 Projected filament area 78 (1)
644- 650 F7.5 --- FilArea79 Projected filament area 79 (1)
652- 658 F7.5 --- FilArea80 Projected filament area 80 (1)
660- 666 F7.5 --- FilArea81 Projected filament area 81 (1)
668- 674 F7.5 --- FilArea82 Projected filament area 82 (1)
676- 682 F7.5 --- FilArea83 Projected filament area 83 (1)
684- 690 F7.5 --- FilArea84 Projected filament area 84 (1)
692- 698 F7.5 --- FilArea85 Projected filament area 85 (1)
700- 706 F7.5 --- FilArea86 Projected filament area 86 (1)
708- 714 F7.5 --- FilArea87 Projected filament area 87 (1)
716- 722 F7.5 --- FilArea88 Projected filament area 88 (1)
724- 730 F7.5 --- FilArea89 Projected filament area 89 (1)
732- 738 F7.5 --- FilArea90 Projected filament area 90 (1)
740- 746 F7.5 --- FilArea91 Projected filament area 91 (1)
748- 754 F7.5 --- FilArea92 Projected filament area 92 (1)
756- 762 F7.5 --- FilArea93 Projected filament area 93 (1)
764- 770 F7.5 --- FilArea94 Projected filament area 94 (1)
772- 778 F7.5 --- FilArea95 Projected filament area 95 (1)
780- 786 F7.5 --- FilArea96 Projected filament area 96 (1)
788- 794 F7.5 --- FilArea97 Projected filament area 97 (1)
796- 802 F7.5 --- FilArea98 Projected filament area 98 (1)
804- 810 F7.5 --- FilArea99 Projected filament area 99 (1)
812- 818 F7.5 --- FilArea100 Projected filament area 100 (1)
820- 826 F7.5 --- FilArea101 Projected filament area 101 (1)
828- 834 F7.5 --- FilArea102 Projected filament area 102 (1)
836- 842 F7.5 --- FilArea103 Projected filament area 103 (1)
844- 850 F7.5 --- FilArea104 Projected filament area 104 (1)
852- 858 F7.5 --- FilArea105 Projected filament area 105 (1)
860- 866 F7.5 --- FilArea106 Projected filament area 106 (1)
868- 874 F7.5 --- FilArea107 Projected filament area 107 (1)
876- 882 F7.5 --- FilArea108 Projected filament area 108 (1)
884- 890 F7.5 --- FilArea109 Projected filament area 109 (1)
892- 898 F7.5 --- FilArea110 Projected filament area 110 (1)
900- 906 F7.5 --- FilArea111 Projected filament area 111 (1)
908- 914 F7.5 --- FilArea112 Projected filament area 112 (1)
916- 922 F7.5 --- FilArea113 Projected filament area 113 (1)
924- 930 F7.5 --- FilArea114 Projected filament area 114 (1)
932- 938 F7.5 --- FilArea115 Projected filament area 115 (1)
940- 946 F7.5 --- FilArea116 Projected filament area 116 (1)
948- 954 F7.5 --- FilArea117 Projected filament area 117 (1)
956- 962 F7.5 --- FilArea118 Projected filament area 118 (1)
964- 970 F7.5 --- FilArea119 Projected filament area 119 (1)
972- 978 F7.5 --- FilArea120 Projected filament area 120 (1)
980- 986 F7.5 --- FilArea121 Projected filament area 121 (1)
988- 994 F7.5 --- FilArea122 Projected filament area 122 (1)
996-1002 F7.5 --- FilArea123 Projected filament area 123 (1)
1004-1010 F7.5 --- FilArea124 Projected filament area 124 (1)
1012-1018 F7.5 --- FilArea125 Projected filament area 125 (1)
1020-1026 F7.5 --- FilArea126 Projected filament area 126 (1)
1028-1034 F7.5 --- FilArea127 Projected filament area 127 (1)
1036-1042 F7.5 --- FilArea128 Projected filament area 128 (1)
1044-1050 F7.5 --- FilArea129 Projected filament area 129 (1)
1052-1058 F7.5 --- FilArea130 Projected filament area 130 (1)
1060-1066 F7.5 --- FilArea131 Projected filament area 131 (1)
1068-1074 F7.5 --- FilArea132 Projected filament area 132 (1)
1076-1082 F7.5 --- FilArea133 Projected filament area 133 (1)
1084-1090 F7.5 --- FilArea134 Projected filament area 134 (1)
1092-1098 F7.5 --- FilArea135 Projected filament area 135 (1)
1100-1106 F7.5 --- FilArea136 Projected filament area 136 (1)
1108-1114 F7.5 --- FilArea137 Projected filament area 137 (1)
1116-1122 F7.5 --- FilArea138 Projected filament area 138 (1)
1124-1130 F7.5 --- FilArea139 Projected filament area 139 (1)
1132-1138 F7.5 --- FilArea140 Projected filament area 140 (1)
1140-1146 F7.5 --- FilArea141 Projected filament area 141 (1)
1148-1154 F7.5 --- FilArea142 Projected filament area 142 (1)
1156-1162 F7.5 --- FilArea143 Projected filament area 143 (1)
1164-1170 F7.5 --- FilArea144 Projected filament area 144 (1)
1172-1178 F7.5 --- FilArea145 Projected filament area 145 (1)
1180-1186 F7.5 --- FilArea146 Projected filament area 146 (1)
1188-1194 F7.5 --- FilArea147 Projected filament area 147 (1)
1196-1202 F7.5 --- FilArea148 Projected filament area 148 (1)
1204-1210 F7.5 --- FilArea149 Projected filament area 149 (1)
1212-1218 F7.5 --- FilArea150 Projected filament area 150 (1)
1220-1226 F7.5 --- FilArea151 Projected filament area 151 (1)
1228-1234 F7.5 --- FilArea152 Projected filament area 152 (1)
1236-1242 F7.5 --- FilArea153 Projected filament area 153 (1)
1244-1250 F7.5 --- FilArea154 Projected filament area 154 (1)
1252-1258 F7.5 --- FilArea155 Projected filament area 155 (1)
1260-1266 F7.5 --- FilArea156 Projected filament area 156 (1)
1268-1274 F7.5 --- FilArea157 Projected filament area 157 (1)
1276-1282 F7.5 --- FilArea158 Projected filament area 158 (1)
1284-1290 F7.5 --- FilArea159 Projected filament area 159 (1)
1292-1298 F7.5 --- FilArea160 Projected filament area 160 (1)
1300-1306 F7.5 --- FilArea161 Projected filament area 161 (1)
1308-1314 F7.5 --- FilArea162 Projected filament area 162 (1)
1316-1322 F7.5 --- FilArea163 Projected filament area 163 (1)
1324-1330 F7.5 --- FilArea164 Projected filament area 164 (1)
1332-1338 F7.5 --- FilArea165 Projected filament area 165 (1)
1340-1346 F7.5 --- FilArea166 Projected filament area 166 (1)
1348-1354 F7.5 --- FilArea167 Projected filament area 167 (1)
1356-1362 F7.5 --- FilArea168 Projected filament area 168 (1)
1364-1370 F7.5 --- FilArea169 Projected filament area 169 (1)
1372-1378 F7.5 --- FilArea170 Projected filament area 170 (1)
1380-1386 F7.5 --- FilArea171 Projected filament area 171 (1)
1388-1394 F7.5 --- FilArea172 Projected filament area 172 (1)
1396-1402 F7.5 --- FilArea173 Projected filament area 173 (1)
1404-1410 F7.5 --- FilArea174 Projected filament area 174 (1)
1412-1418 F7.5 --- FilArea175 Projected filament area 175 (1)
1420-1426 F7.5 --- FilArea176 Projected filament area 176 (1)
1428-1434 F7.5 --- FilArea177 Projected filament area 177 (1)
1436-1442 F7.5 --- FilArea178 Projected filament area 178 (1)
1444-1450 F7.5 --- FilArea179 Projected filament area 179 (1)
1452-1458 F7.5 --- FilArea180 Projected filament area 180 (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Projected filament areas within latitudinal bins of 1 degree (given as
following columns from -90 to 90 degrees) in fraction of the solar disc area.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Theodosios Chatzistergos, chatzistergos(at)mps.mpg.de
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 27-Sep-2023