J/A+A/681/A119 Leptohadronic parameters of 324 blazars (Rodrigues+, 2024)
Leptohadronic multi-messenger modeling of 324 gamma-ray blazars.
Rodrigues X., Paliya V.S., Garrappa S., Omeliukh A., Franckowiak A.,
Winter W.
<Astron. Astrophys. 681, A119 (2024)>
=2024A&A...681A.119R 2024A&A...681A.119R (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Active gal. nuclei ; Gamma rays ; Galaxy catalogs ;
X-ray sources ; QSOs ; BL Lac objects ; Models
Keywords: galaxies: active - quasars: general -
gamma rays: galaxies, blazars, jets - neutrinos -
methods: numerical - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
Abstract:
The origin of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux observed by the
IceCube experiment is still under debate. Multiple associations have
been reported between high-energy neutrino events and individual
blazars, such as the source TXS 0506+056, which are active galaxies
with relativistic jets pointing toward Earth. From a theoretical
perspective, the properties of these sources as neutrino emitters are
not yet well understood.
By systematically modeling the effect of cosmic-ray protons on the
multiwavelength data from the largest sample of bright gamma-ray
blazars to date, we expect to learn about the multi-messenger nature
of the active galaxy population as a whole, as well as the
relationship between neutrino production and the multiwavelength
spectrum of these sources.
We predict the emitted multiwavelength and neutrino spectrum using a
self-consistent numerical radiation model applied individually to each
source in the sample.We then study the properties of the full
population and identify empirical relations.We focus on public
multiwavelength data from the radio to the gamma-ray bands from a
sample of 324 blazars detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope
(LAT), most of which are flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). This
amounts to 34% of all FSRQs in the latest Fermi catalog.
We demonstrate that the optical and gigaelectronvolt gamma-ray
broadband features are generally well described by electron emission,
which helps for the location of the emission region relative to the
central black hole to be constrained. For 33% of the blazars in our
sample, a description of the observed X-ray spectrum benefits from an
additional component from proton interactions, in agreement with
recent studies of individual IceCube candidate blazars. We show that,
on average, blazars that are brighter in gigaelectronvolt gamma rays
have a higher neutrino production efficiency but a lower best-fit
baryonic loading. The predicted neutrino luminosity shows a positive
correlation both with the observed flux of gigaelectronvolt gamma rays
and with the predicted flux of megaelectronvolt gamma rays. We also
estimate the diffuse neutrino flux from gamma-ray blazars by
extrapolating the result to the Fermi population, and we show that it
may be at the level of ∼20% of the diffuse neutrino flux observed by
IceCube, in agreement with current limits from stacking analyses. We
discuss the implications of our results for future neutrino searches
and suggest promising sources for potential detections.
Description:
List of best-fit parameter values of the leptohadronic model for each
AGN in the sample. The sources are ordered by the predicted muon
neutrino flux, starting from those for which the predicted neutrino
flux is incompatible with zero, followed by those for which the
best-fit flux is non-zero but compatible with zero within 1 sigma, and
finally those for which the best fit is zero and therefore only an
upper limit is given.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
tableb1.dat 234 324 Best-fit model parameters
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
J/ApJ/851/33 : Multi-wavelength analysis of CGRaBS blazars (Paliya+, 2017)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableb1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 A19 --- Source Fermi LAC source name
20- 41 A22 --- Assoc Name of associated source
42- 45 A4 --- Class Blazar class
50- 52 F3.1 --- z Source redshift
55- 61 E7.1 mW/m2 FNuBest Muon neutrino flux at Earth predicted with
best-fit value of proton luminosity
64- 70 E7.1 mW/m2 FNuLower Muon neutrino flux at Earth predicted with
lower value of proton luminosity
73- 79 E7.1 mW/m2 FNUpper Muon neutrino flux at Earth predicted with
upper value of proton luminosity
82- 88 E7.1 yr-1 NNuBest Number of neutrinos in IceCube predicted
with best-fit value of proton luminosity
91- 97 E7.1 yr-1 NNuLower Number of neutrinos in IceCube predicted
with lower value of proton luminosity
100-106 E7.1 yr-1 NNuUpper Number of neutrinos in IceCube predicted
with upper value of proton luminosity
109-115 E7.1 GeV EPeak Predicted energy of the observed neutrino
spectral peak
118-124 E7.1 10-7W LDisc Accretion disc luminosity given in the rest
frame of the supermassive black hole (2)
127-133 E7.1 cm RBLR Broad line region radius given in the rest
frame of the supermassive black hole (2)
136-142 E7.1 cm RDiss Dissipation radius given in the rest frame
of the supermassive black hole (3)
145-151 E7.1 cm RBlob Size of the spherical radiation zone (1)
154-160 E7.1 gauss BField Magnetic field strength (1)
163-166 F4.1 --- GammaBlob Bulk Lorentz factor of the radiation zone
169-175 E7.1 --- PrGammaMax Maximum proton Lorentz factor (1)
178-184 E7.1 10-7W PrLumBest Proton injection luminosity,
best-fit value (1)
187-193 E7.1 10-7W PrLumLower Proton injection luminosity,
lower value within 1 sigma of best fit (1)
196-202 E7.1 10-7W PrLumUpper Proton injection luminosity,
upper value within 1 sigma of best fit (1)
205-211 E7.1 10-7W ElLum Electron injection luminosity (1)
214-220 E7.1 --- ElGammaMin Minimum electron Lorentz factor (1)
223-229 E7.1 --- ElGammaMax Maximum electron Lorentz factor (1)
232-234 F3.1 --- ElIndex Electron injection spectral index (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Given in the rest frame of the relativistic jet.
Note (2): Deduced by Paliya et al., 2017ApJ...851...33P 2017ApJ...851...33P, Cat. J/ApJ/851/33.
Note (3): For BL Lacs, a best-fit dissipation radius of 0.0 is listed because
the fit is not sensitive to this parameter.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Xavier Rodrigues, xavier.rodrigues(at)eso.org
References:
Paliya et al., 2017ApJ...851...33P 2017ApJ...851...33P, Cat. J/ApJ/851/33,
General physical properties of CGRaBS blazars
(End) Xavier Rodrigues [ESO, Germany], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 06-Nov-2023