J/A+A/681/A124 Strong lensing dataset in MACS J0416.1-2403 (Diego+, 2024)
BUFFALO/Flashlights: Constraints on the abundance of lensed supergiant stars in
the Spock galaxy at redshift 1.
Diego J.M., Li S.K., Meena A.K., Niemiec A., Acebron A., Jauzac M.,
Struble M.F., Amruth A., Broadhurst T.J., Cerny C., Ebeling H.,
Filippenko A.V., Jullo E., Kelly P., Koekemoer A.M., Lagattuta D., Lim J.,
Limousin M., Mahler G., Patel N., Remolina J., Richard J., Sharon K.,
Steinhardt C., Umetsu K., Williams L., Zitrin A., Palencia J.M., Dai L.,
Ji L., Pascale M.
<Astron. Astrophys., 681, A124 (2024)>
=2024A&A...681A.124D 2024A&A...681A.124D (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Gravitational lensing ; Stars, supergiant ; Redshifts ; Optical
Keywords: gravitation - gravitational lensing: strong - supergiants
Abstract:
In this work, we present a constraint on the abundance of supergiant
(SG) stars at redshift z∼1, based on recent observations of a strongly
lensed arc at this redshift. First we derived a free-form model of
MACS J0416.1-2403 using data from the Beyond Ultra-deep Frontier
Fields and Legacy Observations (BUFFALO) program. The new lens model
is based on 72 multiply lensed galaxies that produce 214 multiple
images, making it the largest sample of spectroscopically confirmed
lensed galaxies on this cluster. The larger coverage in BUFFALO
allowed us to measure the shear up to the outskirts of the cluster,
and extend the range of lensing constraints up to ∼1Mpc from the
central region, providing a mass estimate up to this radius. As an
application, we make predictions for the number of high-redshift
multiply lensed galaxies detected in future observations with the
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Then we focus on a previously known
lensed galaxy at z=1.0054, nicknamed Spock, which contains four
previously reported transients. We interpret these transients as
microcaustic crossings of SG stars and explain how we computed the
probability of such events. Based on simplifications regarding the
stellar evolution, we find that microlensing (by stars in the
intracluster medium) of SG stars at z=1.0054 can fully explain these
events. The inferred abundance of SG stars is consistent with either
(1) a number density of stars with bolometric luminosities beyond the
Humphreys-Davidson (HD) limit (Lmax∼6x105L☉ for red stars),
which is below ∼400 stars/kpc2, or (2) the absence of stars beyond
the HD limit but with a SG number density of ∼9000kpc-2 for stars
with luminosities between 105L☉ and 6x105L☉. This is
equivalent to one SG star per 10x10pc2. Finally, we make predictions
for future observations with JWST's NIRcam. We find that in
observations made with the F200W filter that reach 29mag AB, if cool
red SG stars exist at z∼1 beyond the HD limit, they should be easily
detected in this arc.
Description:
Strong lensing constraints used to derive the lens model. ID2 and z2
are the IDs and redshifts in Bergamini et al. (2023A&A...674A..79B 2023A&A...674A..79B).
In general, all redshifts agree to the subpercent level, except for
our system (ID = 42) where Bergamini et al. (2023A&A...674A..79B 2023A&A...674A..79B)
derives a redshift 14.5% larger. Arcs marked with + are from Bergamini
et al. (2023A&A...674A..79B 2023A&A...674A..79B), and are not included in our set of
constraints since they were published after the model was derived.
Arcs that have no ID2 nor z2 in the table are systems identified with
BUFFALO and MUSE data that are included in our model, but are not
included by Bergamini et al. (2023A&A...674A..79B 2023A&A...674A..79B). These are systems
ID = 33, 38, 40, 43, 44, 46, 50, 53, 54, 55, 70, and 72.
Objects:
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RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
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04 16 08.37 -24 04 20.8 MACS J0416.1-2403 = 1RXS J041609.9-240358
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
tableb1.dat 49 214 Full strong lensing dataset
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See also:
J/A+A/674/A79 : MACS J0416.1-2403 spectroscopic multiple images
(Bergamini+, 2023)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableb1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- ID [1/76] System identification number
3 A1 --- n_ID [+] note on ID (1)
5- 14 F10.7 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000)
16- 26 F11.7 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000)
28- 33 F6.4 --- zMUSE ?=- Muse redshift
35- 42 A8 --- ID2 System identification number in Bergamini et
al. (2023A&A...674A..79B 2023A&A...674A..79B, Cat. J/A+A/674/A79)
44- 49 F6.4 --- z2 ? Redshift in Bergamini et al.
(2023A&A...674A..79B 2023A&A...674A..79B, Cat. J/A+A/674/A79)
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Note (1): + for are from Bergamini et al. (2023A&A...674A..79B 2023A&A...674A..79B,
Cat. J/A+A/674/A79), not included in our set of constraints since they were
published after the model was derived.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 24-Apr-2024