J/A+A/685/A108 Euclid preparation. XXXVIII (Euclid coll.+, 2024)
Euclid preparation. XXXVIII. Spectroscopy of active galactic nuclei with NISP.
Euclid collaboration, Lusso E., Fotopoulou S., Selwood M., Allevato V.,
Calderone G., Mancini C., Mignoli M., Scodeggio M., Bisigello L., Feltre A.,
Ricci F., La Franca F., Vergani D., Gabarra L., Le Brun V., Maiorano E.,
Palazzi E., Moresco M., Zamorani G., Cresci G., Jahnke K., Humphrey A.,
Landt H., Mannucci F., Marconi A., Pozzetti L., Salucci P., Salvato M.,
Shankar F., Spinoglio L., Stern D., Serjeant S., Aghanim N., Altieri B.,
Amara A., Andreon S., Auphan T., Auricchio N., Baldi M., Bardelli S.,
Bender R., Bonino D., Branchini E., Brescia M., Brinchmann J., Camera S.,
Capobianco V., Carbone C., Carretero J., Casas S., Castellano M.,
Cavuoti S., Cimatti A., Congedo G., Conselice C.J., Conversi L., Copin Y.,
Corcione L., Courbin F., Courtois H.M., Dinis J., Dubath F., Duncan C.A.J.,
Dupac X., Dusini S., Farina M., Farrens S., Ferriol S., Fourmanoit N.,
Frailis M., Franceschi E., Franzetti P., Fumana M., Galeotta S., Garilli B.,
Gillard W., Gillis B., Giocoli C., Grazian A., Grupp F., Haugan S.V.H.,
Holmes W., Hook I., Hormuth F., Hornstrup A., Kuemmel M., Keihaenen E.,
Kermiche S., Kubik B., Kunz M., Kurki-Suonio H., Ligori S., Lilje P.B.,
Lindholm V., Lloro I., Mansutti O., Marggraf O., Markovic K., Martinet N.,
Marulli F., Massey R., Medinaceli E., Mei S., Mellier Y., Merlin E.,
Meylan G., Moscardini L., Munari E., Niemi S.-M., Padilla C., Paltani S.,
Pasian F., Pedersen K., Percival W.J., Pettorino V., Polenta G., Poncet M.,
Popa L.A., Raison F., Rebolo R., Renzi A., Rhodes J., Riccio G., Romelli E.,
Roncarelli M., Rossetti E., Saglia R., Sapone D., Sartoris B., Schneider P.,
Secroun A., Seidel G., Serrano S., Sirignano C., Sirri G., Stanco L.,
Surace C., Tallada-Crespi P., Taylor A.N., Teplitz H.I., Tereno I.,
Toledo-Moreo R., Torradeflot F., Tutusaus I., Valentijn E.A., Valenziano L.,
Vassallo T., Veropalumbo A., Vibert D., Wang Y., Weller J., Zoubian J.,
Zucca E., Biviano A., Bolzonella M., Bozzo E., Burigana C.,
Colodro-Conde C., Di Ferdinando D., Gracia-Carpio J., Mainetti G., Mauri N.,
Neissner C., Sakr Z., Scottez V., Tenti M., Viel M., Wiesmann M.,
Akrami Y., Anselmi S., Baccigalupi C., Ballardini M., Bethermin M.,
Borgani S., Borlaff A.S., Bruton S., Cabanac R., Calabro A., Cappi A.,
Carvalho C.S., Castignani G., Castro T., Canas-Herrera G., Chambers K.C.,
Cooray A.R., Coupon J., Cucciati O., Davini S., De Lucia G., Desprez G.,
Di Domizio S., Dole H., Diaz-Sanchez A., Escartin Vigo J.A., Escoffier S.,
Ferrero I., Ganga K., Garcia-Bellido J., Giacomini F., Gozaliasl G.,
Guinet D., Hall A., Hildebrandt H., Jiminez Munoz A., Kajava J.J.E.,
Kansal V., Kirkpatrick C.C., Legrand L., Loureiro A., Macias-Perez J.,
Magliocchetti M., Maoli R., Martinelli M., Martins C.J.A.P., Matthew S.,
Maturi M., Maurin L., Metcalf R.B., Migliaccio M., Monaco P., Morgante G.,
Nadathur S., Patrizii L., Pezzotta A., Popa V., Porciani C., Potter D.,
Poentinen M., Rocci P.-F., Sanchez A.G., Schneider A., Sefusatti E.,
Sereno M., Shulevski A., Simon P., Spurio Mancini A., Stadel J.,
Stanford S.A., Steinwagner J., Testera G., Teyssier R., Toft S., Tosi S.,
Troja A., Tucci M., Valieri C., Valiviita J., Zinchenko I.A.,
(Euclid Collaboration)
<Astron. Astrophys. 685, A108 (2024)>
=2024A&A...685A.108E 2024A&A...685A.108E (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: QSOs ; Active gal. nuclei ; Models ; Spectra, infrared
Keywords: galaxies: active - quasars: general -
quasars: supermassive black holes
Abstract:
The statistical distribution and evolution of key properties of active
galactic nuclei (AGN), such as their accretion rate, mass, or spin,
remain an open debate in astrophysics. The ESA Euclid space mission,
launched on July 1st 2023, promises a breakthrough in this field. We
create detailed mock catalogues of AGN spectra, from the rest-frame
near-infrared down to the ultraviolet, including emission lines, to
simulate what Euclid will observe for both obscured (type 2) and
unobscured (type 1) AGN. We concentrate on the red grisms of the NISP
instrument, which will be used for the wide-field survey, opening a
new window for spectroscopic AGN studies in the near-infrared. We
quantify the efficiency in the redshift determination as well as in
retrieving the emission line flux of the Ha+[NII] complex as Euclid is
mainly focused on this emission line as it is expected to be the
brightest one in the probed redshift range.
Spectroscopic redshifts are measured for 83% of the simulated AGN in
the interval where the Ha+[NII] is visible (i.e., 0.89<z<1.83 at a
line flux >2x10-16erg/s/cm2, encompassing the peak of AGN activity
at z∼1-1.5) within the spectral coverage of the red grism. Outside
this redshift range, the measurement efficiency decreases
significantly. Overall, a spectroscopic redshift is correctly
determined for about 90% of type 2 AGN down to an emission line flux
of roughly 3x10-16erg/s/cm2, and for type 1 AGN down to
8.5x10-16erg/s/cm2. Recovered black hole mass values show a small
offset with respect to the input values by about 10%, but the
agreement is good overall. With such a high spectroscopic coverage at
z<2, we will be able to measure AGN demography, scaling relations, and
clustering from the epoch of the peak of AGN activity down to the
present-day Universe for hundreds of thousand AGN with homogeneous
spectroscopic information.
Description:
Empirical stack (flux density values are reported in units of
erg/s/cm2/Å) spectra for type 1 and type 2 AGN as discussed in
Sections 2 and 3, respectively.
- EMPIRICAL TYPE 1 AGN COMPOSITES
* Files: "stacksdssnirbin**.txt"
Composite numbered from 1 to 9 as in Tables 1 and 2, see Sect. 2.
"stacksdssnirall.dat"
Composite obtained from the entire AGN sample (no correction for the
IGM absorption has been applied), see Sect. 2.
* Files: "IGMcorstacksdssnirbin**.txt"
Composites numbered from 1 to 9 corrected for IGM absorption (as in
Tables 1 and 2, see Sect. 2.3).
All the data files have the following columns description:
Col1: rest frame wavelengths (Å)
Col2: flux densities (arbitrary normalisation, erg/s/cm2/Å)
* Files: "IGMcorstacksdssnirbin**.png"
Comparison plots of composites before and after the IGM correction in
the ultraviolet.
- SEMI-EMPIRICAL TYPE 2 AGN COMPOSITES (see Figure 6 and Sect. 3)
Files: "compo_SED**.txt"
With
SB-AGN = [13,14,15,53,54,55]
SF-AGN = [16,17,27,28,56,57,67,68]
AGN2 = [18,19,20,21,29,58,59,61,69]
All the files have the following columns description:
Col1: rest frame wavelengths (Å)
Col2: flux densities (arbitrary normalisation, erg/s/cm2/Å)
- EMPIRICAL NIR COMPOSITE OF TYPE 1 AGN FROM THE LANDT ET AL. SAMPLE
See Appendix D and Fig. D.1
File: "nirstack-landt.txt"
Columns description:
Col1: rest frame wavelengths (Å)
Col2: flux densities (arbitrary normalisation, erg/s/cm2/Å)
Col3: uncertainties on flux densities
Col4: number of objects contributing to the spectral channel
Col5: rms
- EMPIRICAL COMPOSITE OF TYPE 1 AGN CORRECTED FROM THE LIGHT OF THE
HOST GALAXY
We also provide the type 1 templates for type 1 AGN that are corrected
for residual host galaxy emission and using the empirical composite of
type 1 AGN built from Landt et al. sample instead of the one discussed
in section 2.4. We also performed IGM absorption correction in the UV
(see Sect. 2.3).
All the data files have the following columns description:
Col1: rest frame wavelengths (Å)
Col2: flux (arbitrary normalisation, erg/s/cm2)
Files: "IGMcorstacksdssnirbin**.png"
Comparison plots of composites before and after the IGM correction in
the ultraviolet.
Col1: rest frame wavelengths (Å)
Col2: flux (arbitrary normalisation, erg/s/cm2) lambda F_lambda
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
list.dat 227 81 List of files in subdirectories
nirstack.dat 51 31000 Empirical NIR composite of type 1 AGN from the
Landt et al. (2008ApJS..174..282L 2008ApJS..174..282L) sample
type1/* . 28 Empirical type 1 AGN composites
type1-hostcorr/* . 32 Empirical composite of type 1 AGN corrected
from the light of the host galaxy
type2/* . 23 Semi-empirical type 2 AGN composites
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Description of file:
Byte-by-byte Description of file: type1/stacksdssnirall.dat
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 F8.2 0.1nm lambda Rest frame wavelength
10- 18 F9.6 10mW/m2/nm Flux Flux density
(arbitrary normalisation, erg/s/cm2^/Å)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: type1/stacksdssnirbin?.txt
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 18 F18.12 0.1nm lambda Rest frame wavelength
20- 29 F10.7 10mW/m2/nm Flux Flux density
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file (#): type1/IGM*.dat type1-hostcorr/IGM*.dat
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 24 E24.19 0.1nm lambda Wavelength
26- 49 E24.19 10mW/m2/nm Flux Flux (erg/s/cm2^/Å)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: type1-hostcorr/sdss_*.dat
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 F7.1 0.1nm lambda Rest frame wavelength
20- 30 F11.7 10mW/m2/nm Flux Flux density
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file (#): nirstack.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 12 F12.6 0.1nm lambda Rest frame wavelength
14- 24 E11.9 10mW/m2/nm Flux Average flux (arbitrary normalisation)
(in erg/s/cm2//Å unit)
26- 36 E11.6 10mW/m2/nm e_Flux Average flux error
(in erg/s/cm2//Å unit)
38- 39 I2 --- Nobj Number of objects contributing to
the spectral channel
41- 51 E11.5 --- rms rms
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: list.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 59 A59 --- FileName Name of the file
61-227 A167 --- Title Title of the file
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: type2/*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 F6.0 0.1nm lambda Rest frame wavelength
8- 18 F11.8 10mW/m2/nm Flux Flux density
(arbitrary normalisation, erg/s/cm2^/Å)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Elisabeta Lusso, elisabeta.lusso(at)unifi.it
References:
Euclid Collaboration, Paper I 2022A&A...662A.112E 2022A&A...662A.112E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper II 2019MNRAS.484.5509E 2019MNRAS.484.5509E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper III 2019A&A...627A..23E 2019A&A...627A..23E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper IV 2019A&A...627A..59E 2019A&A...627A..59E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper V 2019A&A...631A..85E 2019A&A...631A..85E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper VI 2020A&A...635A.139E 2020A&A...635A.139E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper VII 2020A&A...642A.191E 2020A&A...642A.191E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper VIII 2020A&A...642A.192E 2020A&A...642A.192E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper IX 2021MNRAS.505.2840E 2021MNRAS.505.2840E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper X 2020A&A...644A..31E 2020A&A...644A..31E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XI 2021A&A...647A.117E 2021A&A...647A.117E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XII 2021A&A...655A..44E 2021A&A...655A..44E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XIII 2022A&A...657A..90E 2022A&A...657A..90E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XIV 2021ApJS..256....9S 2021ApJS..256....9S, Cat. J/ApJS/256/9
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XV 2022A&A...657A..91E 2022A&A...657A..91E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XVI 2022A&A...657A..92E 2022A&A...657A..92E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XVII 2022A&A...658A.126E 2022A&A...658A.126E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XVIII 2022A&A...662A..92E 2022A&A...662A..92E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XIX 2022A&A...662A..93E 2022A&A...662A..93E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XX 2022A&A...664A.196E 2022A&A...664A.196E, Cat. J/A+A/664/A196
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XXI 2022A&A...666A.200V 2022A&A...666A.200V
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XXII 2023A&A...671A..99E 2023A&A...671A..99E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XXIII 2023MNRAS.520.3529E 2023MNRAS.520.3529E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XXIV 2023A&A...671A.100E 2023A&A...671A.100E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XXV 2023A&A...671A.101E 2023A&A...671A.101E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XXVI 2023A&A...671A.102E 2023A&A...671A.102E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XXVII 2023A&A...674A.172E 2023A&A...674A.172E, Cat. J/A+A/674/A172
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XXVIII 2023A&A...675A.120E 2023A&A...675A.120E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XXIX 2023A&A...675A.142E 2023A&A...675A.142E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XXX 2023A&A...676A..34E 2023A&A...676A..34E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XXXI 2024A&A...681A..66E 2024A&A...681A..66E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XXXII 2024A&A...681A..67E 2024A&A...681A..67E
Euclid Collaboration, Paper XXXIII 2024A&A...681A..68E 2024A&A...681A..68E
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 05-Feb-2024