J/A+A/692/A237 eROSITA supernova remnant population in LMC (Zangrandi+, 2024)
First study of the supernova remnant population in the Large Magellanic Cloud
with eROSITA.
Zangrandi F., Jurk K., Sasaki M., Knies J., Filipovic M.D., Haberl F.,
Kavanagh P., Maitra C., Maggi P., Saeedi S., Bernreuther D.,
Koribalski B.S., Points S., Staveley-Smith L.
<Astron. Astrophys. 692, A237 (2024)>
=2024A&A...692A.237Z 2024A&A...692A.237Z (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Magellanic Clouds ; Supernova remnants ; X-ray sources
Keywords: ISM: supernova remnants - Magellanic Clouds -
galaxies: stars: formation
Abstract:
The all-sky survey carried out by the extended Roentgen Survey with an
Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) on board Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma
(Spektr-RG, SRG) has provided us with spatially and spectrally
resolved X-ray data of the entire Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and its
immediate surroundings in the soft X-ray band down to 0.2keV with an
average angular resolution of 26'' in the field of view. In this work,
we have studied the supernova remnants (SNRs) and candidates in the
LMC using data from the first four all-sky surveys (eRASS:4). From the
X-ray data in combination with results at other wavelengths, we obtain
information about the SNRs, their progenitors, and the surrounding
interstellar medium (ISM). The study of the entire population of SNRs
in a galaxy helps us to understand the underlying stellar populations,
the environments, in which the SNRs are evolving, and the stellar
feedback on the ISM.
The eROSITA telescopes are the best instruments currently available
for the study of extended soft sources like SNRs in an entire galaxy
due to their large field of view and high sensitivity in the softer
part of the X-ray band. We applied the Gaussian gradient magnitude
(GGM) filter to the eROSITA images of the LMC to highlight the edges
of the shocked gas in order to find new SNRs. We visually compared the
X-ray images with those of their optical and radio counterparts to
investigate the true nature of the extended emission. The X-ray
emission is evaluated using the contours with respect to the
background, while for the optical we used line ratio diagnostics, and
non-thermal emission in the radio images. We used the Magellanic Cloud
Emission Line Survey (MCELS) for the optical data. For the radio
comparison, we used data from the Australian Square Kilometre Array
Pathfinder (ASKAP) survey of the LMC. Using the star formation history
(SFH) derived from the near-IR photometry of the VISTA survey of the
Magellanic Clouds (VMC) we have investigated the possible progenitor
type of the new SNRs and SNR candidates in our sample.
We present the most updated catalogue of SNRs in the LMC. Previously
known SNRs and candidates were detected with 1σ significance
down to a surface brightness of
{SIGMA}[0.2-5.0keV]=3*10-15erg/s/cm2/arcmin2^ and were examined.
The eROSITA data have allowed us to confirm one of the previous
candidates as an SNR. We confirm three newly detected extended sources
as new SNRs, while we propose 13 extended sources as new X-ray SNR
candidates. We also present the analysis of the follow-up XMM-Newton
observation of MCSNR J0456-6533 discovered with eROSITA. Among the new
candidates, we propose J0614-7251 (4eRASSU J061438.1-725112) as the
first X-ray SNR candidate in the outskirts of the LMC.
Description:
We investigated the SRG/eROSITA data which provides a complete
look at the LMC in the high-energy regime, and we studied the SNR
population in the LMC. The large field of view of eROSITA and the full
coverage in eRASS:4 allowed us to study the SNR population in the LMC.
Furthermore, we used the sensitivity of eROSITA to investigate the
X-ray counterpart of the SNR candidates proposed in previous studies
and detected at radio and optical wavelengths
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
tabled1.dat 84 77 X-ray properties of the entire catalogue of
MCSNR in the LMC
tabled2.dat 104 3 X-ray properties of the MCSNR discovered by
eROSITA and confirmed in this work
tabled3.dat 104 1 X-ray properties of the MCSNR confirmed by
eROSITA in this work and proposed in
Yew et al., 2021MNRAS.500.2336Y 2021MNRAS.500.2336Y
tabled4.dat 108 13 X-ray properties of the 13 new SNR candidates
proposed in this work
tabled5.dat 109 14 X-ray properties of the MCSNRs confirmed in
other works and not included in the catalogue
of Maggi et al., 2016A&A...585A.162M 2016A&A...585A.162M,
Cat. J/A+A/585/A162
tabled6.dat 110 34 X-ray properties of SNR candidates proposed in
other studies does not show 3-sigma eROSITA
detection
refs.dat 69 35 References
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See also:
J/A+AS/139/277 : LMC X-ray sources ROSAT PSPC catalogue (Haberl+, 1999)
J/A+A/585/A162 : X-ray supernova remnants in LMC (Maggi+, 2016)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tabled1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- MCSNR Source name (JHHMM+DDMM)
12- 13 I2 h RAh Right ascension of the source (J2000)
15- 16 I2 min RAm Right ascension of the source (J2000)
18- 21 F4.1 s RAs Right ascension of the source (J2000)
23 A1 --- DE- Declination sign of the source (J2000)
24- 25 I2 deg DEd Declination of the source (J2000)
27- 28 I2 arcmin DEm Declination of the source (J2000)
30- 31 I2 arcsec DEs Declination of the source (J2000)
33- 36 F4.1 arcmin MajAxis Size extension of the source along the major
axis (G1)
38- 40 F3.1 arcmin MinAxis Size extension of the source along the minor
axis (G1)
42- 44 I3 deg PA Angle between the major axis and the North (G1)
46- 52 A7 --- Shape Shape of the region used for the extraction of
the count rate and the hardness ratios
54 A1 --- l_CRate Limt flag on CRate
55- 62 E8.3 ct/s CRate Net count rate of the source collected by
TM 12346 in the energy band 0.2-5.0keV (G2)
64- 71 E8.3 ct/s e_CRate ?=- Error on the net count rate (G2)
73- 82 A10 --- Ref Reference paper that first discussed the
source, in refs.dat file
84 A1 --- Note [*] Individual note (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Notes as follows:
J0447-6918 = In eROSITA data, there is diffuse emission, but there is 1σ
emission only in the central region.
J0449-6903 = No 1σ contours are detected in eROSITA data. Despite this
around 48 net counts are detected
J0456-6950 = An extended emission is visible in eROSITA data, but there is
no 1σ detection.
J0510-6708 = Small portion of 1σ contours are detected in eROSITA data.
The contours are not clearly associable with an extended source.
J0522-6543 = This source was confirmed as bona-fide SNR in Bozzetto et al.
(2023MNRAS.518.2574B 2023MNRAS.518.2574B). However, no emission is detectable
in eROSITA data.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tabled2.dat tabled3.dat tabled5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- MCSNR Source name (JHHMM+DDMM)
12- 13 I2 h RAh Right ascension of the source (J2000)
15- 16 I2 min RAm Right ascension of the source (J2000)
18- 21 F4.1 s RAs Right ascension of the source (J2000)
23 A1 --- DE- Declination sign of the source (J2000)
24- 25 I2 deg DEd Declination of the source (J2000)
27- 28 I2 arcmin DEm Declination of the source (J2000)
30- 31 I2 arcsec DEs Declination of the source (J2000)
33- 36 F4.1 arcmin MajAxis Extention of the source along the
major axis (G1)
38- 40 F3.1 arcmin MinAxis Extention of the source along the
minor axis (G1)
42- 44 I3 deg PA Angle between the major axis and the North (G1)
46- 52 A7 --- Shape Shape of the region used for the extraction of
the count rate and the hardness ratios (G2)
54 A1 --- l_CRate Limit flag on CRate
55- 62 E8.2 ct/s CRate Net count rate of the source collected by
TM 12346 in the energy band 0.2-5.0 keV (G2)
64- 71 E8.2 ct/s e_CRate ?=- Error on the net count rate (G2)
73- 77 F5.2 --- HR1 ?=- Harness ratio of the source in the
range 0.3-1.1 keV (G3)
79- 82 F4.2 --- e_HR1 ?=- Error on the HR1 (G3)
84- 88 F5.2 --- HR2 ?=- Harness ratio of the source in the
range 0.7-2.3 keV (G3)
90- 93 F4.2 --- e_HR2 ?=- Error on the HR2 (G3)
95- 99 F5.2 --- HR3 ?=- Harness ratio of the source in the
range 1.1-4.0 keV (G3)
101-104 F4.2 --- e_HR3 ?=- Error on the HR3 (G3)
106-109 A4 --- Ref Reference paper that confirmed the source
as MCSNR, in refs.dat file
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tabled4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 16 A16 --- Source Source name (JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS)
18- 19 I2 h RAh Right ascension of the source (J2000)
21- 22 I2 min RAm Right ascension of the source (J2000)
24- 27 F4.1 s RAs Right ascension of the source (J2000)
29 A1 --- DE- Declination sign of the source (J2000)
30- 31 I2 deg DEd Declination of the source (J2000)
33- 34 I2 arcmin DEm Declination of the source (J2000)
36- 37 I2 arcsec DEs Declination of the source (J2000)
39- 41 F3.1 arcmin MajAxis Extention of the source along the
major axis (G1)
43- 45 F3.1 arcmin MinAxis Extention of the source along the
minor axis (G1)
47- 49 I3 deg PA Angle between the major axis and the North (G1)
51- 57 A7 --- Shape Shape of the region used for the extraction of
the count rate and the hardness ratios (G2)
59- 66 E8.2 ct/s CRate Net count rate of the source collected by
TM 12346 in the energy band 0.2-5.0 keV (G2)
68- 75 E8.2 ct/s e_CRate ?=- Error on the net count rate (G2)
77- 81 F5.2 --- HR1 ?=- Harness ratio of the source in the
range 0.3-1.1 keV (G3)
83- 86 F4.2 --- e_HR1 ?=- Error on the HR1 (G3)
88- 92 F5.2 --- HR2 ?=- Harness ratio of the source in the
range 0.7-2.3 keV (G3)
94- 97 F4.2 --- e_HR2 ?=- Error on the HR2 (G3)
99-103 F5.2 --- HR3 ?=- Harness ratio of the source in the
range 1.1-4.0 keV (G3)
105-108 F4.2 --- e_HR3 ?=- Error on the HR3 (G3)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tabled6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Source Source name (JHHMM+DDMMa)
13- 14 I2 h RAh Right ascension of the source (J2000)
16- 17 I2 min RAm Right ascension of the source (J2000)
19- 22 F4.1 s RAs Right ascension of the source (J2000)
24 A1 --- DE- Declination sign of the source (J2000)
25- 26 I2 deg DEd Declination of the source (J2000)
28- 29 I2 arcmin DEm Declination of the source (J2000)
31- 32 I2 arcsec DEs Declination of the source (J2000)
34- 37 F4.1 arcmin MajAxis Extention of the source along the
major axis (G1)
39- 41 F3.1 arcmin MinAxis Extention of the source along the
minor axis (G1)
43- 45 I3 deg PA Angle between the major axis and the North (G1)
47- 53 A7 --- Shape Shape of the region used for the extraction of
the count rate and the hardness ratios (G2)
55 A1 --- l_CRate Limit flag on CRate
56- 63 E8.2 ct/s CRate Net count rate of the source collected by
TM 12346 in the energy band 0.2-5.0keV (G2)
65- 72 E8.2 ct/s e_CRate ?=- Error on the net count rate (G2)
74- 78 F5.2 --- HR1 ?=- Harness ratio of the source in the
range 0.3-1.1keV (G3)
80- 83 F4.2 --- e_HR1 ?=- Error on the HR1 (G3)
85- 89 F5.2 --- HR2 ?=- Harness ratio of the source in the
range 0.7-2.3keV (G3)
91- 94 F4.2 --- e_HR2 ?=- Error on the HR2 (G3)
96-100 F5.2 --- HR3 ?=- Harness ratio of the source in the
range 1.1-4.0keV (G3)
102-105 F4.2 --- e_HR3 ?=- Error on the HR3 (G3)
107-110 A4 --- Ref Reference paper that confirmed the source
as MCSNR, in refs.dat file
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 A6 --- Ref Reference code
8- 26 A19 --- BibCode BibCode
28- 49 A22 --- Aut Author's name
51- 69 A19 --- Com Comments
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Global notes:
Note (G1): In case the source is has a circular extension, values of MajAxis and
MinAxis are the same and corresponds to the diameter, PA is set to 0.
Note (G2): more details in Sect. 3.3 and 3.4 of the paper.
Note (G3): more details in Sect. 3.6 of the paper.
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Acknowledgements:
Federico Zangrandi, federico.zangrandi(at)fau.de
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 21-Oct-2024