J/A+A/692/A254 A close outer companion to TOI-2109 b? (Harre+, 2024)
Hints of a close outer companion to the ultra-hot Jupiter TOI-2109 b.
Harre J.-V., Smith A.M.S., Barros S.C.C., Singh V., Korth J., Brandeker A.,
Collier Cameron A., Lendl M., Wilson T.G., Borsato L., Csizmadia Sz.,
Cabrera J., Parviainen H., Correia A.C.M., Akinsanmi B., Rosario N.,
Leonardi P., Serrano L.M., Alibert Y., Alonso R., Asquier J., Barczy T.,
Barrado Navascues D., Baumjohann W., Benz W., Billot N., Broeg C.,
Busch M.-D., Cubillos P.E., Davies M.B., Deleuil M., Deline A., Delrez L.,
Demangeon O.D.S., Demory B.-O., Derekas A., Edwards B., Ehrenreich D.,
Erikson A., Fortier A., Fossati L., Fridlund M., Gandolfi D., Gazeas K.,
Gillon M., Guedel M., Guenther M.N., Heitzmann A., Helling C., Isaak K.G.,
Kiss L.L., Lam K.W.F., Laskar J., Lecavelier des Etangs A., Magrin D.,
Maxted P.F.L., Merin B., Mordasini C., Nascimbeni V., Olofsson G.,
Ottensamer R., Pagano I., Palle E., Peter G., Piazza D., Piotto G.,
Pollacco D., Queloz D., Ragazzoni R., Rando N., Rauer H., Ribas I.,
Santos N.C., Scandariato G., Segransan D., Simon A.E., Sousa S.G.,
Stalport M., Sulis S., Szabo Gy.M., Udry S., Ulmer B., Van Grootel V.,
Venturini J., Villaver E., Viotto V., Walton N.A., West R., Westerdorff K.
<Astron. Astrophys. 692, A254 (2024)>
=2024A&A...692A.254H 2024A&A...692A.254H (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Stars, F-type ; Exoplanets ;
Photometry ; Optical
Keywords: methods: data analysis - techniques: photometric
planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability -
planets and satellites: gaseous planets - planet-star interactions
Abstract:
Hot Jupiters with close-by planetary companions are rare, with only a
handful of them having been discovered so far. This could be due to
their suggested dynamical histories, leading to the possible ejection
of other planets. TOI-2109 b is special in this regard because it is
the hot Jupiter with the closest relative separation from its host
star, being separated by less than 2.3 stellar radii. Unexpectedly,
transit timing measurements from recently obtained CHEOPS observations
show low amplitude transit-timing variations (TTVs). We aim to search
for signs of orbital decay and to characterise the apparent TTVs,
trying to gain information about a possible companion. We fit the
newly obtained CHEOPS light curves using TLCM and extract the
resulting mid- transit timings. Successively, we use these
measurements in combination with TESS and archival photometric data
and radial velocity data to estimate the rate of tidal orbital decay
of TOI-2109 b, as well as characterise the TTVs using the N-body code
TRADES and the photodynamical approach of PyTTV. We find tentative
evidence at 3σ for orbital decay in the TOI-2109 system, when we
correct the mid-transit timings using the best-fitting sinusoidal
model of the TTVs. We do not detect additional transits in the
available photometric data, but find evidence towards the authenticity
of the apparent TTVs, indicating a close-by, outer companion with
Pc>1.125d. Due to the fast rotation of the star, the new planetary
candidate cannot be detected in the available radial velocity (RV)
measurements, and its parameters can only be loosely constrained by
our joint TTV and RV modelling. TOI-2109 could join a small group of
rare hot Jupiter systems that host close-by planetary companions, only
one of which (WASP-47 b) has an outer companion. More high-precision
photometric measurements are necessary to confirm the planetary
companion.
Description:
We provide the raw and corrected data for each of the data
reductions of the CHEOPS data; DRP (standard Data Reduction Pipeline)
and PIPE (PSF Imagette Photometric Extraction). The corrected data
have been corrected for the roll-angle effect of CHEOPS using TLCM.
The remaining table contain the calculated mid-transit timings from
the PIPE (tablec1a.dat), DRP (tablec1b.dat) and the other sources
(tablec2.dat). The timings are given in BJD_TDB.
Objects:
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RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
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16 52 44.72 +16 34 47.8 TOI-2109 = TIC 392476080
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
drp-cor.dat 36 13730 Corrected CHEOPS DRP data
drp-raw.dat 107 15472 Raw CHEOPS DRP data
pipe-cor.dat 36 13167 Corrected CHEOPS PIPE data
pipe-raw.dat 66 15472 Raw CHEOPS PIPE data
tablec1a.dat 27 26 Mid-transit timings from the CHEOPS PIPE data
tablec1b.dat 27 26 Mid-transit timings from the CHEOPS DRP data
tablec2.dat 34 74 Mid-transit timings from other data sources
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: drp-cor.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 F14.8 d Time Time (TDB) (BJD-2400000)
16- 25 F10.8 --- FluxCorr Corrected flux from DRP
27- 36 F10.8 --- e_FluxCorr Flux error
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: drp-raw.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 F14.8 d Time Time (TDB) (BJD-2400000)
16- 32 F17.8 --- FluxRaw Raw flux from DRP
34- 47 F14.8 --- e_FluxRaw Flux error
49- 60 F12.8 --- RollAngle Roll angle value
62- 73 F12.8 --- Xcen X centroid position
75- 86 F12.8 --- Ycen Y centroid position
88-105 F18.8 --- Bkg Background value
107 I1 --- Flag [0/1] Data flag
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: pipe-cor.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 F14.8 d Time Time (TDB) (BJD-2400000)
16- 25 F10.8 --- FluxCorr Corrected flux from PIPE
27- 36 F10.8 --- e_FluxCorr Flux error
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: pipe-raw.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 F14.8 d Time Time (TDB) (BJD-2400000)
16- 32 F17.8 --- FluxRaw Raw flux from PIPE
34- 47 F14.8 --- e_FluxRaw Flux error
49- 63 F15.8 --- Bkg Background values
65- 66 I2 --- Flag [0/24] Data flag
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec1a.dat tablec1b.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 5 I5 --- Epoch Epoch/transit number of mid-transit time
7- 18 F12.6 d Time Calculated mid-transit time (TDB) (BJD-2400000)
20- 27 F8.6 d e_Time Error of calculated mid-transit time
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 5 I5 --- Epoch Epoch/transit number of mid-transit time
7- 17 F11.6 d Time Calculated mid-transit time in BJD_TDB
19- 26 F8.6 d e_Time Error of calculated mid-transit time
28- 34 A7 --- r_Time Source of the data used for the calculation (1)
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Note (1): Source as follows:
TESS = TESS
WASP = WASP
Wong+21 = Wong et al., 2021AJ....162..256W 2021AJ....162..256W
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Acknowledgements:
Jan-Vincent Harre, jv.harre(at)gmail.com
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 14-Nov-2024