J/A+A/692/A35 Photometric timeseries and transit times (Maciejewski+, 2024)
Planet-star interactions with precise transit timing.
IV. Probing the regime of dynamical tides for GK host stars.
Maciejewski G., Golonka J., Fernandez M., Ohlert J., Casanova V.,
Perez Medialdea D.
<Astron. Astrophys. 692, A35 (2024)>
=2024A&A...692A..35M 2024A&A...692A..35M (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Exoplanets ; Photometry, CCD ;
Optical
Keywords: methods: observational - techniques: photometric - time -
planet-star interactions
Abstract:
Giant exoplanets on 1-3 day orbits, known as ultra-hot Jupiters,
induce detectable tides in their host stars. The energy of those tides
dissipates at a rate related to the properties of the stellar
interior. At the same time, a planet loses its orbital angular
momentum and spirals into the host star. The decrease of the orbital
period is empirically accessible with precise transit timing and can
be used to probe planet-star tidal interactions.
Statistical studies show that stars of GK spectral types, with masses
below 1.1 Sun mass, are depleted in hot Jupiters. This finding is
evidence of tidal orbital decay during the main-sequence lifetime.
Theoretical considerations show that in some configurations, the tidal
energy dissipation can be boosted by non-linear effects in dynamical
tides, which are wave-like responses to tidal forcing. To probe the
regime of these dynamical tides in GK stars, we searched for orbital
period shortening for 6 selected hot Jupiters in systems with 0.8-1
Sun mass host stars: HATS-18, HIP 65A, TrES-3, WASP-19, WASP-43, and
WASP-173A.
For the hot Jupiters of our sample, we analysed transit timing data
sets based on mid-transit points homogeneously determined from
observations performed with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
and high-quality data available in the literature. For the TrES-3
system, we also used new transit light curves we acquired with
ground-based telescopes. The mid-transit times were searched for
shortening of orbital periods through statistical testing of quadratic
transit ephemerides. Theoretical predictions on the dissipation rate
for dynamical tides were calculated under the regimes of internal
gravity waves (IGWs) undergoing wave breaking (WB) in stellar centres
and weak non-linear (WNL) wave-wave interactions in radiative layers.
Stellar parameters of the host stars, such as mass and age, which were
used in those computations, were homogeneously redetermined using
evolutionary models with the Bayesian inference.
We found that transit times follow the refined linear ephemerides for
all ultra-hot Jupiters of our sample. Non-detection of orbital decay
allowed us to place lower constraints on the tidal dissipation rates
in those planet-star systems. In three systems, HATS-18, WASP-19, and
WASP-43, we reject a scenario with total dissipation of IGWs. We
conclude that their giant planets are not massive enough to induce
wave breaking. Our observational constraints for HIP 65A, TrES-3, and
WASP-173A are too weak to probe the WB regime. Calculations show that
wave breaking is not expected in the former two, leaving the WASP-173A
system as a promising target for further transit timing observations.
The WNL dissipation was tested in the WASP-19 and WASP-43 systems,
showing that the theoretical dissipation rates are overestimated by at
least one order of magnitude. For the remaining systems, decades or
even centuries of transit timing measurements are needed to probe the
WNL regime entirely. Among them, TrES-3 and WASP-173A have the
predicted WNL dissipation rates that coincide with the values obtained
from gyrochronology.
Tidal dissipation in the GK stars of our sample is not boosted by wave
breaking in their radiative cores, preventing their giant planets from
rapid orbital decay. Weakly non-linear tidal dissipation could drive
orbital shrinkage and stellar spin-up on Gyr timescales. Although our
first results suggest that theory might overestimate the dissipation
rate and some fine-tuning would be needed for at least a fraction of
planet-star configurations, some predictions coincide intriguingly
with the gyrochronological estimates. We identify the WASP-173A system
as a promising candidate for exploring this problem in the shortest
possible time of the coming decades.
Description:
We provide the ground-based photometric time series for transits of
TrES-3 b acquired with the the 1.5 m Ritchey-Chretien telescope
(OSN1.5) at the Sierra Nevada Observatory (OSN, Spain), the 1.2m
Trebur telescope (TRE1.2) at the Michael Adrian Observatory in Trebur
(Germany), the 0.9m Ritchey- Chretien telescope (OSN0.9) at OSN, and
the 0.6m Cassegrain photometric telescope (TOR0.6) at the Institute
of Astronomy of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun (Poland).
The data were collected from 2016 to 2024. The details on observations
and data processing are given in the source paper. We also provide the
new mid-transit times for the planets of our sample, HATS-18 b, HIP
65A b, TrES-3 b, WASP-19 b, WASP-43 b, and WASP-173A b, homogeneously
determined from TESS photometric time series, high-quality data
available in the literature, and our new ground-based light curves.
For more details, see the source paper.
Objects:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
RA (2000) DE Designation(s) (Per)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11 35 49.77 -29 09 21.8 HATS-18 = GSC 06664-00410 (0.83784378)
00 00 44.91 -54 49 49.9 HIP 65A = CD-55 9423 (0.98097223)
17 52 07.02 +37 32 46.2 TrES-3 = GSC 03089-00929 (1.306186250)
09 53 40.08 -45 39 33.1 WASP-19 = GSC 08181-01711 (0.788838963)
10 19 38.01 -09 48 22.6 WASP-43 = GSC 05490-00141 (0.813474079)
23 36 40.38 -34 36 40.6 WASP-173A = CD-35 15858A (1.38665310)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
tableb4.dat 76 724 Transit times for 6 planets
tres3lc.dat 50 6400 New ground-based transit light curves for TrES-3
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See also:
J/AcA/68/371 : WASP and KELT planet transits (Maciejewski+, 2018)
J/AcA/70/1 : WASP-18 Photometric timeseries and timing data
(Maciejewski+, 2020)
J/A+A/667/A127 : Photometric timeseries and transit times (Maciejewski+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableb4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Target Target name (1)
13- 26 F14.6 d Tmid Mid-transit time in Barycentric Julian date
in Barycentric Dynamical Time (BJD_TDB)
28- 35 F8.6 d E_Tmid Positive mid-transit time error
37- 44 F8.6 d e_Tmid Negative mid-transit time error
46- 76 A31 --- lcCode Light curve source (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Targets are HATS-18 b, HIP 65A b, TrES-3 b, WASP-173A b, WASP-19 b
and WASP-43 b.
Note (2): Data source as follows:
Penev+2016 = Penev et al., 2016AJ....152..127P 2016AJ....152..127P, Cat. J/AJ/152/127
Southworth+2022 = Southworth et al., 2022MNRAS.515.3212S 2022MNRAS.515.3212S,
Cat. J/MNRAS/515/3212
Sozzetti+2009 = Sozzetti et al., 2009ApJ...691.1145S 2009ApJ...691.1145S, Cat. J/ApJ/691/1145
Kundurthy+2013 = Kundurthy et al., 2013ApJ...764....8K 2013ApJ...764....8K, Cat. J/ApJ/764/8
Turner+2013 = Turner et al., 2013MNRAS.428..678T 2013MNRAS.428..678T, Cat. J/MNRAS/428/678
Colon+2010 = Colon et al., 2010MNRAS.408.1494C 2010MNRAS.408.1494C, Cat. J/MNRAS/408/1494
Vanko+2013 = Vanko et al., 2013MNRAS.432..944V 2013MNRAS.432..944V
Maciejewski+2013 = Maciejewski et al., 2013IBVS.6082....1M 2013IBVS.6082....1M
Puskullu+2017 = Puskullu et al., 2017NewA...55...39P 2017NewA...55...39P
Mackebrandt+2017 = Mackebrandt et al., 2017A&A...608A..26M 2017A&A...608A..26M,
Cat. J/A+A/608/A26
Stefansson+2017 = Stefansson et al., 2017ApJ...848....9S 2017ApJ...848....9S
vonEssen+2019 = von Essen et al., 2019A&A...628A.115V 2019A&A...628A.115V,
Cat. J/A+A/628/A115
Hebb+2010 = Hebb et al., 2010ApJ...708..224H 2010ApJ...708..224H
Tregloan-Reed+2013 = Tregloan-Reed et al., 2013MNRAS.428.3671T 2013MNRAS.428.3671T,
Cat. J/MNRAS/428/3671
Hellier+2011 = Hellier et al., 2011ApJ...730L..31H 2011ApJ...730L..31H
Mancini+2013 = Mancini et al., 2013MNRAS.436....2M 2013MNRAS.436....2M, Cat. J/MNRAS/436/2
Lendl+2013 = Lendl et al., 2013A&A...552A...2L 2013A&A...552A...2L, Cat. J/A+A/552/A2
Dragomir+2011 = Dragomir ett al., 2011AJ....142..115D 2011AJ....142..115D
Cortes-Zuleta+2020 = Cortes-Zuleta et al., 2020A&A...636A..98C 2020A&A...636A..98C,
Cat. J/A+A/636/A98
Petrucci+2020 = Petrucci et al., 2020MNRAS.491.1243P 2020MNRAS.491.1243P
Gillon+2012 = Gillon et al., 2012A&A...542A...4G 2012A&A...542A...4G, Cat. J/A+A/542/A4
Chen+2014 = Chen et al., 2014A&A...563A..40C 2014A&A...563A..40C, Cat. J/A+A/563/A40
Murgas+2014 = Murgas et al., 2014A&A...563A..41M 2014A&A...563A..41M, Cat. J/A+A/563/A41
Ricci+2015 = Ricci et al., 2015PASP..127..143R 2015PASP..127..143R, Cat. J/PASP/127/143
Jiang+2016 = Jiang et al., 2016AJ....151...17J 2016AJ....151...17J, Cat. J/AJ/151/17
Wang+2021 = Wang et al., 2021ApJS..255...15W 2021ApJS..255...15W
Hellier+2019 = Hellier et al., 2019MNRAS.482.1379H 2019MNRAS.482.1379H
TESS = TESS light curve
OSN0.9 = new ground-based light curves, 0.9m Ritchey-Chretien
telescop at the Sierra Nevada Observatory (spain)
OSN1.5 = new ground-based light curves, 1.5m Ritchey-Chretien
telescope at the Sierra Nevada Observatory (spain)
TOR0.6 = new ground-based light curves, 0.6m Cassegrain
photometric telescope at the Institute of Astronomy of
the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun (Poland)
TRE1.2 = new ground-based light curves, 1.2m Trebur one-meter
telescope at the Michael Adrian Observatory in Trebur
(Germany)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tres3lc.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 A6 --- Target [TrES-3] Target name
8- 19 F12.6 d BJD Barycentric Julian date in Barycentric
Dynamical Time (BJD_TDB-2400000)
21- 28 F8.6 --- Flux Normalized flux
30- 37 F8.6 --- e_Flux Flux error
39- 44 A6 --- TelCode Telescope code
46- 50 A5 --- Filt [I V clear] Filter name
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Gracjan Maciejewski, gmac(at)umk.pl
Institute of Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland
References:
Maciejewski et al., Paper I 2018AcA....68..371M 2018AcA....68..371M, Cat. J/AcA/68/371
Maciejewski et al., Paper II 2020AcA....70....1M 2020AcA....70....1M, Cat. J/AcA/70/1
Maciejewski et al., Paper III 2022A&A...667A.127M 2022A&A...667A.127M, Cat. J/A+A/667/A127
(End) Gracjan Maciejewski [Copernicus Univ.], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 30-Oct-2024