J/A+A/694/A36 Velocity curves of 7 transiting systems (Heidari+, 2025)
Characterization of seven transiting systems including four warm Jupiters
from SOPHIE and TESS.
Heidari N., Hebrard G., Martioli E., Eastman J.D., Jackson J.M.,
Delfosse X., Jordan A., Correia A.C.M., Sousa S., Dragomir D., Forveille T.,
Boisse I., Giacalone S.A., Diaz R.F., Brahm R., Almasian D., Almenara J.M.,
Bieryla A., Barkaoui K., Baker D., Barros S.C.C., Bonfils X., Carmona A.,
Collins K.A., Cortes-Zuleta P., Deleuil M., Demangeon O.D.S., Edwards B.,
Eberhardt J., Espinoza N., Eisner N., Feliz D.L., Frommer A.C., Fukui A.,
Grau F., Gupta A.F., Hara N., Hobson M.J., Henning T., Howell S.B.,
Jenkins J.M., Kiefer F., LaCourse D.M., Laskar J., Law N., Mann A.W.,
Murgas F., Moutou C., Narita N., Palle E., Relles H.M., Stassun K.G.,
Serrano Bell J., Schwarz R.P., Srdoc G., Strom P.A., Safonov B., Sarkis P.,
Schlecker M., Tala Pinto M., Pepper J., Rojas F.I., Twicken J.D.,
Trifonov T., Villanueva S.Jr, Watkins C.N., Winn J.N., Ziegler C.
<Astron. Astrophys. 694, A36 (2025)>
=2025A&A...694A..36H 2025A&A...694A..36H (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Exoplanets ; Radial velocities ;
Optical
Keywords: techniques: photometric - techniques: radial velocities -
planets and satellites: detection
Abstract:
While several thousand exoplanets are now confirmed, the number of
known transiting warm Jupiters (10d < period < 200d) remains
relatively small. These planets are generally believed to have formed
outside the snowline and migrated to their current orbits. Because
they are sufficiently distant from their host stars, they mitigate
proximity effects and so offer valuable insights into planet formation
and evolution. Here, we present the study of seven systems, three of
which - TOI-2295, TOI-2537, and TOI-5110 - are newly discovered
planetary systems. Through the analysis of TESS photometry, SOPHIE
radial velocities (RVs), and high-spatial resolution imaging, we found
that TOI-2295b, TOI-2537b, and TOI-5110b are transiting warm Jupiters
with orbital periods ranging from 30 to 94d, masses between 0.9 and
2.9MJ, and radii ranging from 1.0 to 1.5RJ. Both TOI-2295 and TOI-2537
harbor at least one additional, outer planet. Their outer planets -
TOI-2295c and TOI-2537c - are characterized by orbital periods of
966.5-4.2+4.3 and 1920-140+230d, respectively, and minimum
masses of 5.61-0.24+0.23 and 7.23-0.45+0.52MJ, respectively.
We have also investigated and characterized the two recently reported
warm Jupiters TOI-1836b and TOI-5076b, which we independently detected
in SOPHIE RVs. Our new data allow for further discussion of their
nature and refinement of their parameters. Additionally, we study the
planetary candidates TOI-4081.01 and TOI-4168.01. For TOI-4081.01,
despite our detection in RVs, we cannot rule out perturbation by a
blended eclipsing binary, and we thus exercise caution regarding its
planetary nature. On the other hand, we identify TOI-4168.01 as a firm
false positive; its RV curve exhibits a large amplitude in an
antiphase relation with the transit ephemeris observed by TESS,
indicating that the detected event is the eclipse of a secondary star
rather than a planetary transit. Finally, we highlight interesting
characteristics of these new planetary systems. The transits of
TOI-2295b are highly grazing, with an impact parameter of
1.056-0.043+0.063. This leaves its radius uncertain but
potentially makes it an interesting probe of gravitational dynamics in
its two-planet system, as transit shapes for grazing planets are
highly sensitive to even small variations in inclination. TOI-2537b,
in turn, is a temperate Jupiter with an effective temperature of
307±15K and can serve as a valuable low-irradiation control for
models of hot Jupiter inflation anomalies. We also detected
significant transit timing variations (TTVs) for TOI-2537b, which are
likely caused by gravitational interactions with the outer planet
TOI-2537c. Further transit observations are needed to refine the
analysis of these TTVs and enhance our understanding of the system's
dynamics. Finally, TOI-5110b stands out due to its orbital
eccentricity of 0.745-0.027+0.030, one of the highest planetary
eccentricities discovered thus far. We find no conclusive evidence for
an external companion, but an unseen planet with a semi-amplitude
smaller than 10m/s could nonetheless still be exciting its
eccentricity.
Description:
The seven targets in this study were observed using the
high-resolution, high-precision, fiber-fed SOPHIE spectrograph mounted
on the 1.93m telescope at the Haute Provence Observatory (OHP).
TOI-2537 was also observed with the High Accuracy Radial velocity
Planet Searcher (HARPS) in the context of the WINE collaboration which
focuses on discovering and characterizing transiting warm giant
planets. HARPS is a stabilized high-resolution (R=115000)
spectrograph fibre-fed by the 3.6m telescope at the ESO La Silla
Observatory, in Chile. We obtained 22 HARPS spectra of TOI-2537
between January 2021 and November 2023 (program IDs 106.21ER.001,
108.22A8.001, and 112.25 W 1.001).
We also used the Fiber-fed Extended Range Optical Spectrograph (FEROS)
to monitor the RV variations of TOI-2537 in the context of the WINE
collaboration. FEROS is a high-resolution (R=48000) echelle
spectrograph fibre-fed to the MPG 2.2m telescope installed at the ESO
La Silla Observatory, in Chile. We obtained 19 spectra between
December 2020 and March 2022 (program IDs: 0104.A-9007(A),
0107.A-9003(A), and 0108.A-9003(A)) with an exposure time of 1500s.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
stars.dat 81 7 List of studied stars
rv.dat 53 330 Radial velocities
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: stars.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- Name Star name
10- 11 I2 h RAh ? Right ascension (J2000)
13- 14 I2 min RAm ? Right ascension (J2000)
16- 20 F5.2 s RAs ? Right ascension (J2000)
22 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
23- 24 I2 deg DEd ? Declination (J2000)
26- 27 I2 arcmin DEm ? Declination (J2000)
29- 32 F4.1 arcsec DEs ? Declination (J2000)
34 A1 --- l_Prot Limit flag on Prot
35- 36 I2 d Prot Rotational period (this work)
38 I1 d e_Prot ? Rotational period error (this work)
40- 42 A3 --- --- [TIC]
44- 52 I9 --- TIC TIC identification number
54- 61 A8 --- --- [Gaia DR3]
63- 81 I19 --- GaiaDR3 Gaia DR3 identification number
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: rv.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 A8 --- Name Star name
10- 22 F13.7 d BJD Barycentric Julian date (BJD-2400000)
24- 31 F8.4 km/s RV Radial velocity
33- 38 F6.4 km/s e_RV Error on Radial velocity
40- 46 F7.4 km/s BIS Bisector
48- 53 A6 --- Inst Instrument (SOPHIE for all stars,
FEROS and HARPS only for TOI-2537)
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Acknowledgements:
Neda Heidari, heidari(at)iap.fr
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 10-Dec-2024