J/A+A/695/A83 kappa Cygnid + August Draconid meteoroid streams (Borovicka+ 2025)
The structure of kappa Cygnid and August Draconid meteoroid streams.
Borovicka J., Spurny P., Kotkova L., Molau S., Tomko D., Weiland T.
<Astron. Astrophys. 695, A83 (2025)>
=2025A&A...695A..83B 2025A&A...695A..83B (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Solar system ; Minor planets
Keywords: meteorites, meteors, meteoroids
Abstract:
Meteoroid streams can be complex structures shaped by the processes of
their formation and subsequent orbital evolution. The first step of
their understanding is mapping their current stage. We used precise
data from the European Fireball Network to disentangle the situation
with meteor showers active in August and having radiants in the
Cygnus-Draco area. In total, 179 fireballs observed between 2016-2024
were analyzed. We confirmed that two shower systems, kappa Cygnids and
August Draconids, are present. The meteoroid swarm producing kappa
Cygnids is locked in the 5:3 main motion resonance with Jupiter with
orbital period 7.12 years and has a limited extent of less than 90
degrees in mean anomaly. The shower is therefore markedly active only
once or twice during each seven-year period. The orbits have wide
range of inclinations, 28-44 degrees. There is a correlation between
inclination, perihelion distance, and argument of perihelion. The
radiant area is almost 30 degrees long in declination. August
Draconids have even more extended radiant and can be divided into
three branches depending on the position of the perihelion relative to
the ecliptic plane. Neither of the showers can be described by a
single set of orbital elements. We provide sets of representative
orbits and identifications with showers previously reported in the
literature. Physical properties of meteoroids and possible parent
bodies are also discussed.
Description:
Each catalog line contains data on one fireball. Time of appearance,
atmospheric trajectory and velocity, heliocentric orbit, meteoroid
mass and physical classification, the assignement to the groups
described in the paper, and other data are given. Terminal velocity
could not be measured for fireball EN100816_015503.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
fireball.dat 649 179 Fireball data
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See also:
J/A+A/667/A157 : 824 fireballs observed in 2017-2018 (Borovicka+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: fireball.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Code Fireball code
18- 38 A21 "datime" Time Date (YYYY/MM/DDThh:mm:ss.s)
40- 43 F4.1 s e_Time Time error
46- 58 F13.5 d JD Julian Date
61- 68 F8.4 deg Lsun Solar Longitude J2000
71- 78 F8.4 deg Lam-beg Longitude of the beginning point
80- 87 F8.4 deg Phi-beg Latitude of the beginning point
89- 94 F6.2 km H-beg Height of the beginning point
97-104 F8.4 deg Lam-end Longitude of the end point
106-113 F8.4 deg Phi-end Latitude of the end point
115-120 F6.2 km H-end Height of the end point
123-129 F7.3 deg Lam-avg Longitude of the average point
131-137 F7.3 deg Phi-avg Latitude of the average point
139-143 F5.1 km H-avg Height of the average point
146-152 F7.3 deg Lam-max Longitude at the maximum brightness
154-160 F7.3 deg Phi-max Latitude at the maximum brightness
162-166 F5.1 km H-max Height at the maximum brightness
169-173 F5.1 km Length Length of the fireball
176-180 F5.2 s Dur Duration of the part with velocity
measurements
183-188 F6.2 deg Azim Azimuth of the radiant (North=0)
190-194 F5.2 deg ZenDis Zenith Distance of the radiant
197-203 F7.3 deg RAdeg Right Ascension of the apparent radiant
(J2000)
205-209 F5.3 deg e_RAdeg Error of the Right Ascension of the
apparent radiant
212-218 F7.3 deg DEdeg Declination of the apparent radiant
(J2000)
220-224 F5.3 deg e_DEdeg Error of the Declination of the apparent
radiant
227-233 F7.3 km/s Vinf Initial velocity
235-239 F5.3 km/s e_Vinf Error of the initial velocity
241-245 F5.1 km/s Vmax Velocity at the maximum brightness
247-251 F5.1 km/s Vter ? Terminal measured velocity
253-257 F5.1 km Hvter ? Height of terminal velocity measurement
260-266 F7.3 deg RAgeo Right Ascension of the geocentric radiant
(J2000)
268-272 F5.3 deg e_RAgeo Error of the Right Ascension of the
geocentric radiant
275-281 F7.3 deg DEgeo Declination of the geocentric radiant
(J2000)
283-287 F5.3 deg e_DEgeo Error of the Declination of the
geocentric radiant
290-296 F7.3 deg Lgeo-Lsun Ecliptical Longitude of the geocentric
radiant minus Solar Longitude
299-305 F7.3 deg Bgeo Ecliptical Latitude of the geocentric
radiant
307-313 F7.3 km/s Vgeo Geocentric velocity
315-319 F5.3 km/s e_Vgeo Error of the geocentric velocity
322-328 F7.3 deg Lhel Ecliptical Longitude of the heliocentric
radiant
330-334 F5.3 deg e_Lhel Error of the Ecliptical Longitude of the
geocentric radiant
337-343 F7.3 deg Bhel Ecliptical Longitude of the heliocentric
radiant
345-349 F5.3 deg e_Bhel Error of the Ecliptical Longitude of the
heliocentric radiant
352-356 F5.2 km/s Vhel Heliocentric velocity
358-361 F4.2 km/s e_Vhel Error of the heliocentric velocity
363-371 F9.3 au Ax Semimajor Axis
373-381 F9.3 au e_Ax Error of Semimajor Axis
383-388 F6.4 --- Ecc Eccentricity
390-395 F6.4 --- e_Ecc Error of Eccentricity
397-402 F6.4 au Perih Perihelion Distance
404-409 F6.4 au e_Perih Error of Perihelion Distance
411-419 F9.3 au Aph Aphelion Distance
421-429 F9.3 au e_Aph Error of Aphelion Distance
431-436 F6.2 deg Inc Inclination
438-441 F4.2 deg e_Inc Error of inclination
443-448 F6.2 deg Omg Argument of Perihelion
450-453 F4.2 deg e_Omg Error of Argument of Perihelion
455-461 F7.3 deg Node Longitude of the Ascending Node
463-467 F5.3 deg e_Node Error of Longitude of the Ascending Node
469-474 F6.2 deg Lper Longitude of Perihelion
476-479 F4.2 deg e_Lper Error of Longitude of Perihelion
483-495 A13 "datime" TimePeri Perihelion Date (YYYY/MM/DD.dd)
497-505 F9.2 d e_TimePeri Error of Perihelion Date
507-515 F9.2 yr Per Orbital Period
517-525 F9.2 yr e_Per Error of Orbital Period
527-532 F6.3 --- Tiss Tisserand parameter
534-538 F5.3 --- e_Tiss Error of the Tisserand parameter
540-544 F5.1 mag MAG Maximum absolute brightness
546-552 E7.1 J Energy Total radiated energy
554-560 E7.1 kg Mass Photometric mass
562-567 F6.3 kg TerMass Terminal dynamic mass
569-573 F5.2 --- PE PE value (Ceplecha & McCrosky
1976, JGR, 81, 6257)
575-583 A9 --- Type Fireball type (Ceplecha & McCrosky
1976, JGR, 81, 6257)
585-590 F6.3 MPa Pres Maximum dynamic pressure
592-596 F5.1 km Hpres Height of maximum dynamic pressure
599-603 F5.3 --- Pf Pf value
605-610 A6 --- Pf-class Meteoroid PF-class
612-614 A3 --- Group Group 0-5 assignement according to the
radiant (1)
616-641 A26 --- Object Asteroid with similar orbit
643-644 I2 --- Ncam Number of cameras
647-649 I3 km MinDist Minimal distance fireball-camera
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Note (1): G1 is identical with kappa Cygnids, G2-G4 are three branches of
August Draconids. "A" added for possible interlopers
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Acknowledgements:
Jiri Borovicka, jiri.borovicka(at)asu.cas.cz
(End) Jiri Borovicka [Czech Acad. Sci.], Patricia Vannier [cDS] 19-Feb-2025