J/A+A/696/A15 MACS J0416.1-2403 strong lensing model (Rihtarsic+, 2025)
CANUCS: Constraining the MACS J0416.1-2403 strong lensing model with
JWST NIRISS, NIRSpec, and NIRCam.
Rihtarsic G., Bradac M., Desprez G., Harshan A., Noirot G.,
Estrada-Carpenter V., Martis N.S., Abraham R.G., Asada Y., Brammer G.,
Iyer K.G., Matharu J., Mowla L., Muzzin A., Sarrouh G.T.E., Sawicki M.,
Strait V., Willott C.J., Gledhill R., Markov V., Tripodi R.
<Astron. Astrophys. 696, A15 (2025)>
=2025A&A...696A..15R 2025A&A...696A..15R (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy ; Gravitational lensing ; Infrared
Keywords: gravitational lensing: strong - galaxies: distances and redshifts -
galaxies: clusters: individual: MACS J0416.1-2403
Abstract:
Strong gravitational lensing in galaxy clusters has become an
essential tool in astrophysics, as it allows one to directly probe the
dark matter distribution and study magnified background sources. The
precision and reliability of strong lensing models rely heavily on the
number and quality of multiple images of background sources with
spectroscopic redshifts.
We present an updated strong lensing model of the galaxy cluster
MACS J0416.1-2403 with the largest sample of multiple images with
spectroscopic redshifts in a galaxy cluster field to date.
Furthermore, we aim to demonstrate the effectiveness of JWST,
particularly its NIRISS camera, for strong lensing studies.
We used JWST's NIRCam imaging and NIRSpec and NIRISS spectroscopy
from the CAnadian NIRISS Unbiased Cluster Survey (CANUCS). The cluster
mass model was constrained using Lenstool software.
Our new dataset, which we used for constraining the lens model,
comprises 303 secure multiple images with spectroscopic redshifts from
111 background sources and includes 95 systems with previously known
MUSE redshift and 16 systems (with 46 multiple images) for which we
obtained spectroscopic redshift for the first time using NIRISS and
NIRSpec spectroscopy. Three of the spectroscopic systems were not
identified by previous JWST studies. The total number of secure
spectroscopic systems is more than 20% higher than in the previous
strong lensing studies of this cluster. The derived strong lensing
model can reproduce multiple images with the root-mean-square distance
of ∼0.52". We also provide a full catalogue with 415 multiple images,
including less reliable candidates. In total, we provide 15 new
multiple-image system candidates (with 38 multiple images) not
reported in previous studies. Furthermore, we demonstrate the
effectiveness of JWST, particularly NIRISS, for obtaining
spectroscopic redshifts of multiple images. As NIRISS F115W, F150W,
and F200W grism spectroscopy captures at least two of the [OII]
λ3727, [OIII] λλ4959,5007, and Hα lines at
1≲z≲3 (a redshift range particularly relevant for strong lensing
studies) without target pre-selection, it complements MUSE and NIRSpec
observations extremely well.
Description:
In this work we use CANUCS NIRCam observations in filters F090W,
F115W, F150W, F200W, F277W, F356W, F410M, and F444W with 6.4ks
exposure time per filter. In addition, we use the archival HST/ACS
imaging data in F435W, F606W, and F814W filters and HST/WFC3 data in
F105W, F110W, F125W, F140W, F160W filters from the HFF and CLASH
programs.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
tablea1.dat 48 41 Multiple image candidates from Di24 with new
CANUCS spectroscopic redshifts
tablea2.dat 46 27 *New CANUCSmultiple image system candidates
without spectroscopic redshifts
tablea3.dat 48 9 Images belonging to the known systems from Di24,
added, updated or confirmed with our data
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Note on tablea2.dat: We only show multiple images from our photometric catalogs
with zphotrisk<0.2 and with redshifts higher than the cluster redshift.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 A7 --- Id Name
9- 17 F9.6 deg RAdeg Right ascension (ICRS)
19- 28 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination (ICRS)
30- 33 F4.2 --- zniriss ? NIRISS redshift (redshift uncertainty
is estimated as 0.005(1+z))
36- 40 F5.3 --- znirspec ? NIRSpec redshift (redshift uncertainty
is estimated as 0.002(1+z))
43- 46 F4.2 --- zsys ? System redshift (1)
48 A1 --- Class [gsb] Class (gold, silver or bronze)
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Note (1): System redshift zsys, used for lens modelling is the average of
NIRISS redshift and NIRSpec redshift
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 5 A5 --- Id Name
9- 17 F9.6 deg RAdeg Right ascension (ICRS)
19- 28 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination (ICRS)
30 A1 --- n_z [*] Note on z (1)
31- 34 F4.2 --- z ? Eazy photometric redshift
36- 39 F4.2 --- E_z ? Eazy photometric redshift error (upper value)
41- 44 F4.2 --- e_z ? Eazy photometric redshift error (lower value)
46 A1 --- Class [gsb] Class (gold, silver or bronze)
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Note (1): * for redshifts having zphotrisk below the threshold but
have SNR>10 in less than 4 wide NIRCam bands.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 A6 --- Id Name
7 A1 --- n_Id [*] Note on Id (1)
9- 17 F9.6 deg RAdeg Right ascension (ICRS)
19- 28 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination (ICRS)
30- 33 F4.2 --- zniriss ? NIRISS redshift (redshift uncertainty is
estimated as 0.005(1+z))
34 A1 --- n_zniriss [*] Note on zniriss (1)
36- 40 F5.3 --- znirspec ? NIRSpec redshift (redshift uncertainty is
estimated as 0.002(1+z))
41 A1 --- n_znirspec [*] Note on znirspec (1)
43- 46 F4.2 --- zsys ? System redshift
48 A1 --- Class [gsb] Class (gold, silver or bronze)
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Note (1): * means newly added counterimages, including the spectroscopically
confirmed alternative to K26.3 image from Di24. We have updated the system
redshift of systems K5 and K8 while also changing the exact position of K8a.1
(see Sect. 3.2). We spectroscopically confirmed K62b.3.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal, https://zenodo.org/records/14850937
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 27-Aug-2025