J/A+A/697/A11 Euclid Early Release Observations. Perseus (Cuillandre+, 2025)
Euclid: Early Release Observations. Overview of the Perseus cluster and analysis
of its luminosity and stellar mass functions.
Cuillandre J.-C., Bolzonella M., Boselli A., Marleau F.R., Mondelin M.,
Sorce J.G., Stone C., Buitrago F., Cantiello M., George K., Hatch N.A.,
Quilley L., Mannucci F., Saifollahi T., Sanchez-Janssen R., Tarsitano F.,
Tortora C., Xu X., Bouy H., Gwyn S., Kluge M., Lancon A., Laureijs R.,
Schirmer M., Abdurrouf , Awad P., Baes M., Bournaud F., Carollo D.,
Codis S., Conselice C.J., De Lapparent V., Duc P.-A., Ferre-Mateu A.,
Gillard W., Golden-Marx J.B., Jablonka P., Habas R., Hunt L.K., Mei S.,
Miville-Deschenes M.-A., Montes M., Nersesian A., Peletier R.F., Poulain M.,
Scaramella R., Scialpi M., Sola E., Stephan J., Ulivi L., Urbano M.,
Zoeller R., Aghanim N., Altieri B., Amara A., Andreon S., Auricchio N.,
Baldi M., Balestra A., Bardelli S., Bender R., Bodendorf C., Bonino D.,
Branchini E., Brescia M., Brinchmann J., Camera S., Capobianco V.,
Carbone C., Carretero J., Casas S., Castander F.J., Castellano M.,
Cavuoti S., Cimatti A., Congedo G., Conversi L., Copin Y., Courbin F.,
Courtois H.M., Cropper M., Da Silva A., Degaudenzi H., Di Giorgio A.M.,
Dinis J., Douspis M., Dubath F., Duncan C.A.J., Dupac X., Dusini S.,
Farina M., Farrens S., Ferriol S., Fotopoulou S., Frailis M., Franceschi E.,
Galeotta S., Gillis B., Giocoli C., Gomez-Alvarez P., Grazian A., Grupp F.,
Guzzo L., Haugan S.V.H., Hoar J., Hoekstra H., Holmes W., Hook I.,
Hormuth F., Hornstrup A., Hudelot P., Jahnke K., Jhabvala M., Keihaenen E.,
Kermiche S., Kiessling A., Kilbinger M., Kitching T., Kohley R., Kubik B.,
Kuijken K., Kuemmel M., Kunz M., Kurki-Suonio H., Lahav O., Le Mignant D.,
Ligori S., Lilje P.B., Lindholm V., Lloro I., Maino D., Maiorano E.,
Mansutti O., Marggraf O., Markovic K., Martinet N., Marulli F., Massey R.,
Maurogordato S., McCracken H.J., Medinaceli E., Melchior M., Mellier Y.,
Meneghetti M., Merlin E., Meylan G., Mohr J.J., Moresco M., Moscardini L.,
Nakajima R., Nichol R.C., Niemi S.-M., Padilla C., Paltani S., Pasian F.,
Pedersen K., Percival W.J., Pettorino V., Pires S., Polenta G., Poncet M.,
Popa L.A., Pozzetti L., Raison F., Renzi A., Rhodes J., Riccio G.,
Romelli E., Roncarelli M., Saglia R., Sapone D., Schneider P.,
Schrabback T., Secroun A., Seidel G., Serrano S., Sirignano C., Sirri G.,
Skottfelt J., Stanco L., Tallada-Crespi P., Taylor A.N., Teplitz H.I.,
Tereno I., Toledo-Moreo R., Tutusaus I., Valentijn E.A., Valenziano L.,
Vassallo T., Verdoes Kleijn G., Wang Y., Weller J., Zucca E., Biviano A.,
Burigana C., Castignani G., De Lucia G., Scottez V., Mora A., Simon P.,
Martin-Fleitas J., Scott D.
<Astron. Astrophys. 697, A11 (2025)>
=2025A&A...697A..11C 2025A&A...697A..11C (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy ; Galaxies, photometry ; Optical ; Infrared ;
Redshifts ; Morphology
Keywords: galaxies: fundamental parameters -
galaxies: clusters: individual: Perseus -
galaxies: luminosity function, mass function
Abstract:
The Euclid Early Release Observations (ERO) programme targeted the
Perseus cluster of galaxies, gathering deep data in the central region
of the cluster over 0.7deg2, corresponding to approximately
0.25r200. The data set reaches a point-source depth of IE=28.0
(YE,JE,HE=25.3) AB magnitudes at 5σ with a 0.16" (0.48")
full width at half maximum (FWHM), and a surface brightness limit of
30.1 (29.2)mag/arcsec2. The exceptional depth and spatial resolution
of this wide-field multi-band data enable the simultaneous detection
and characterisation of both bright and low surface brightness
galaxies, along with their globular cluster systems, from the optical
to the NIR. This study advances beyond previous analyses of the
cluster and enables a range of scientific investigations summarised
here. We derive the luminosity and stellar mass functions (LF and SMF)
of the Perseus cluster in the Euclid IE band, thanks to
supplementary u, g, r, i, z, and α data from the CFHT. We adopt
a catalogue of 1100 dwarf galaxies, detailed in the corresponding ERO
paper, which includes their photometric and structural properties. We
identify all other sources in the Euclid images and obtain accurate
photometric measurements using AutoProf or AstroPhot for 138 bright
cluster galaxies, and SourceExtractor for half a million compact
sources. Cluster membership for the bright sample is determined by
calculating photometric redshifts with Phosphoros. Our LF and SMF are
the deepest recorded for the Perseus cluster, highlighting the
groundbreaking capabilities of the Euclid telescope. Both the LF and
SMF fit a Schechter plus Gaussian model. The LF features a dip at
M(IE)~=-19 and a faint-end slope of αm~=-1.2 to -1.3. The
SMF displays a low-mass-end slope of αS~=-1.2 to -1.35. These
observed slopes are flatter than those predicted for dark matter halos
in cosmological simulations, offering significant insights for models
of galaxy formation and evolution.
Description:
Table D3 and D4 lists primary data from VIS photometry and associated errors
for the entire sample of bright galaxies candidates.
Table D5 lists redshift and extinction corrections for the entire
sample of bright galaxies candidates.
Table D6 and D7 lists magnitudes and associated errors within 1 effective
radius in VIS and NISP bands for the entire sample of
bright galaxies candidates.
Table D8 and D9 lists magnitudes and associated errors using VIS photometry
to constrain NISP photometry for the entire sample of bright galaxies
candidates.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
tablec34.dat 285 137 Primary data and associated errors from VIS
photometry for the entire sample of
bright galaxies candidates
tablec5.dat 232 137 Redshift and extinction corrections for the
entire sample of bright galaxies candidates
tablec67.dat 227 137 Magnitudes and associated errors within 1
effective radius in VIS and NISP bands for the
entire sample of bright galaxies candidates
tablec89.dat 227 137 Magnitudes and associated errors using VIS
photometry to constrain NISP photometry for the
entire sample of bright galaxies candidates
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec34.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq [0/136] Sequential number
5- 31 A27 --- ID Object identifier
33- 43 F11.8 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000)
45- 55 F11.8 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000)
57- 64 F8.2 pix xpix ?=-99.99 x-coordinate
66- 73 F8.2 pix ypix ?=-99.99 y-coordinate
75- 80 F6.3 mag IEmag Apparent magnitude in VIS band
82- 89 F8.4 mag IEMAG Absolute magnitude in VIS band
91- 97 F7.3 pix Repix Effective radius in pixel
99-104 F6.3 arcsec Rearcsec Effective radius in arcsec
106-111 F6.3 kpc Rekpc Effective radius in kpc
113-117 F5.3 --- n Sersic index
119-123 F5.3 --- b/a Axis ratio
125-131 F7.3 deg PA Position angle
133-138 F6.3 mag/arcsec2 muIE0GD Central surface brightness
(Graham and Driver)
140-145 F6.3 mag/arcsec2 muIEeGD Surface brightness at effective radius
(Graham and Driver)
147-152 F6.3 mag/arcsec2 meanmuIEeGD Average surface brightness at effective
radius (Graham and Driver)
154-159 F6.3 mag/arcsec2 muIE0 Central surface brightness
161-166 F6.3 mag/arcsec2 muIEe Surface brightness at effective radius
168-173 F6.3 mag/arcsec2 meanmuIEe Average surface brightness at effective
176-181 F6.2 pix e_xpix ?=-99 Error on x-coordinate
183-188 F6.2 pix e_ypix ?=-99 Error on y-coordinate
190-195 F6.4 mag e_IEmag Error on Apparent magnitude in VIS band
197-202 F6.4 mag e_IEMAG Error on Absolute magnitude in VIS band
204-210 F7.4 pix e_Repix Error on Effective radius
212-217 F6.4 arcsec e_Rearcsec Error on Effective radius
219-224 F6.4 kpc e_Rekpc Error on Effective radius
226-231 F6.4 --- e_n Error on Sersic index
233-237 F5.3 --- e_b/a Error on Axis ratio
239-244 F6.3 deg e_PA Error on Position angle
246-251 F6.4 mag/arcsec2 e_muIE0GD Error on Central surface brightness
(Graham and Driver)
253-258 F6.4 mag/arcsec2 e_muIEeGD Error on Surface brightness at
effective radius (Graham and Driver)
260-265 F6.4 mag/arcsec2 e_meanmuIEeGD Error on Average surface brightness at
effective radius (Graham and Driver)
267-272 F6.4 mag/arcsec2 e_muIE0 Error on Central surface brightness
274-279 F6.4 mag/arcsec2 e_muIEe Error on Surface brightness at
effective radius
281-285 E5.1 mag/arcsec2 e_meanmuIEe Error on Average surface brightness at
effective radius
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq [0/136] Sequential number
5- 31 A27 --- ID Object identifier
33- 43 F11.8 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000)
45- 55 F11.8 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000)
57- 68 F12.8 --- zsp ?=-99 Spectroscopic redshift from literature
72- 81 F10.6 --- zph ?=-99 SDSS or NED Photometric redshift
83- 95 E13.7 --- e_zsp ?=-99 Error on spectroscopic redshift
99-108 F10.6 --- e_zph ?=-99 Error on photometric redshift
110-115 A6 --- Flagtool Tool indicator
(AP for AutoProf, APh for AstroPhot)
117-134 F18.16 mag EC-IE VIS extinction correction,
E(B-V) to be used for all VIS magnitudes
136-153 F18.16 mag EC-YE NISP-Y extinction correction,
E(B-V) to be used for all NISP-Y magnitudes
155-172 F18.16 mag EC-JE NISP-J extinction correction,
E(B-V) to be used for all NISP-J magnitudes
174-184 F11.9 mag EC-HE NISP-H extinction correction,
E(B-V) to be used for all NISP-H magnitudes
186-196 F11.9 mag e_EC-IE Error on NISP-I extinction correction
198-208 F11.9 mag e_EC-YE Error on NISP-Y extinction correction
210-220 F11.9 mag e_EC-JE Error on NISP-J extinction correction
222-232 F11.9 mag e_EC-HE Error on NISP-H extinction correction
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec67.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq [0/136] Sequentiql number
5- 31 A27 --- ID Object identifier
33- 43 F11.8 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000)
45- 55 F11.8 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000)
57- 62 F6.3 mag IEmag1Re Apparent magnitude in VIS band
within 1 effective radius
64- 71 F8.4 mag IEMAG1Re Absolute magnitude in VIS band
within 1 effective radius
73- 90 F18.15 mag YEmag1Re Apparent magnitude in NISP-Y band
within 1 effective radius
92- 99 F8.4 mag YEMAG1Re Absolute magnitude in NISP-Y band
within 1 effective radius
101-118 F18.15 mag JEmag1Re Apparent magnitude in NISP-J band
within 1 effective radius
120-127 F8.4 mag JEMAG1Re Absolute magnitude in NISP-J band
within 1 effective radius
129-146 F18.15 mag HEmag1Re Apparent magnitude in NISP-H band
within 1 effective radius
148-155 F8.4 mag HEMAG1Re Absolute magnitude in NISP-H band
within 1 effective radius
158-163 F6.4 mag e_IEmag1Re Error on Apparent magnitude in VIS band
within 1 effective radius
165-170 F6.4 mag e_IEMAG1Re Error on Absolute magnitude in VIS band
within 1 effective radius
172-182 F11.9 mag e_YEmag1Re Error on Apparent magnitude in NISP-Y band
within 1 effective radius
184-189 F6.4 mag e_YEMAG1Re Error on Absolute magnitude in NISP-Y band
within 1 effective radius
191-201 F11.9 mag e_JEmag1Re Error on Apparent magnitude in NISP-J band
within 1 effective radius
203-208 F6.4 mag e_JEMAG1Re Error on Absolute magnitude in NISP-J band
within 1 effective radius
210-220 F11.9 mag e_HEmag1Re Error on Apparent magnitude in NISP-H band
within 1 effective radius
222-227 F6.4 mag e_HEMAG1Re Error on Absolute magnitude in NISP-H band
within 1 effective radius
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec89.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq [0/136] Sequential number
5- 31 A27 --- ID Object identifier
33- 43 F11.8 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000)
45- 55 F11.8 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000)
57- 62 F6.3 mag IEmag Apparent magnitude in VIS band
64- 71 F8.4 mag IEMAG Absolute magnitude in VIS band
73- 90 F18.15 mag YEmag Apparent magnitude in NISP-Y band
92- 99 F8.4 mag YEMAG Absolute magnitude in NISP-Y band
101-118 F18.15 mag JEmag Apparent magnitude in NISP-J band
120-127 F8.4 mag JEMAG Absolute magnitude in NISP-J band
129-146 F18.15 mag HEmag Apparent magnitude in NISP-H band
148-155 F8.4 mag HEMAG Absolute magnitude in NISP-H band
158-163 F6.4 mag e_IEmag Error on Apparent magnitude in VIS band
165-170 F6.4 mag e_IEMAG Error on Absolute magnitude in VIS band
172-182 F11.9 mag e_YEmag Error on Apparent magnitude in NISP-Y band
184-189 F6.4 mag e_YEMAG Error on Absolute magnitude in NISP-Y band
191-201 F11.9 mag e_JEmag Error on Apparent magnitude in NISP-J band
203-208 F6.4 mag e_JEMAG Error on Absolute magnitude in NISP-J band
210-220 F11.9 mag e_HEmag Error on Apparent magnitude in NISP-H band
222-227 F6.4 mag e_HEMAG Error on Absolute magnitude in NISP-H band
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Maelie Mond, maelie.mond(at)gmail.com
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 26-Jun-2024