J/A+A/697/A228 Multi-peaked long gamma-ray bursts (Guidorzi+, 2025)
A search for periodic activity in multi-peaked long gamma-ray bursts.
Guidorzi C., Orlandini M., Maccary R., Amati L., Bazzanini L., Bulla M.,
Ferro L., Frontera F., Maistrello M., Tan W.-J., Tsvetkova A., Xiong S.L.,
Zhang S.N.
<Astron. Astrophys. 697, A228 (2025)>
=2025A&A...697A.228G 2025A&A...697A.228G (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Gamma rays ; GRB
Keywords: methods: statistical - gamma-ray burst: general
Abstract:
A sizeable fraction of gamma-ray burst (GRB) light curves (LCs)
features a sequence of peaks, which holds information on the unknown
way energy is released and dissipated into gamma-rays over time.
Traditionally, searches for periodic signals in GRB LCs turned out to
be inconclusive, partly because they are challenging as a consequence
of the short-lived, coloured-noise, and non-stationary nature of the
LCs themselves. Yet, recent claims have revived the issue. We aim to
search for periodic components in GRB LCs through a new approach to
GRBs, which escapes most of the issues faced by traditional Fourier
techniques and periodograms due to the GRB LC nature.
We identified peaks through a well tested algorithm and selected GRBs
with at least 10 peaks out of five GRB catalogues (Swift/BAT,
CGRO/BATSE, Fermi/GBM, Insight-HXMT, BeppoSAX/GRBM). At this point,
each GRB was simply treated as a discrete point process, whose
realisation coincides with the sequence of peak times. We searched for
possible periodic recurrences based on the multinomial distribution,
after accounting for the clustering of peaks due to the
non-stationarity of the GRB signals.
Accounting for the multiple trial periods, the best candidate has a
p-value of 3e-4 that there is no periodic recurrence. However,
accounting for the multiple trials of 555 searched GRBs, its
statistical significance is demoted to 17%. The overall distribution
of the p-values obtained for all GRBs is compatible with a uniform
distribution in [0,1]. Our technique is sensitive to the presence of
≳8 periodic peaks and a fraction of periodic peaks of ∼75% at least.
We found no robust evidence for multi-peaked GRBs with periodic
recurrences in the peak times. We can exclude that a sizeable fraction
(≳0.75) of peaks of each GRB with at least 10 peaks are periodic.
While our result does not necessarily clash with claimed periodicities
based on Fourier techniques, it constrains the putative recurrent
behaviour, which would not manifest itself through the sequence of
peaks, but, evidently, in a more elusive way.
Description:
We report in the tables the values of the best periodic recurrence
candidate for each GRB of each of the five samples. Each Table refers
to a given GRB data set. All Tables share the same format.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 79 80 Best candidates for the Swift-BAT sample
table2.dat 79 209 Best candidates for the BATSE sample
table3.dat 79 240 Best candidates for the Fermi-GBM sample
table4.dat 79 9 Best candidates for the Insight-HXMT sample
table5.dat 79 17 Best candidates for the BeppoSAX sample
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See also:
J/A+A/510/A48 : Palermo Swift-BAT Hard X-ray Catalogue (Cusumano+, 2010)
IX/20 : The Fourth BATSE Burst Revised Catalog (Paciesas+ 1999)
J/ApJS/126/19 : BATSE gamma-ray burst spectral catalog. I. (Preece+, 2000)
J/ApJS/134/385 : Supplement to the BATSE gamma-ray burst catalogs
(Kommers+, 2001)
J/ApJ/893/46 : The fourth Fermi-GBM GRB catalog: 10 years
(von Kienlin+, 2020)
J/ApJS/259/46 : Insight-HXMT GRB catalog, 2017-2021 obs. (Song+, 2022)
J/A+A/473/347 : BeppoSAX complete catalogue of GRBs (Vetere+, 2007)
J/ApJS/180/192 : BeppoSAX/GRBM γ-ray Burst Catalog (Frontera+, 2009)
J/ApJS/191/179 : IPN supplement to the BeppoSAX GRB catalog (Hurley+, 2010)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[12345].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 11 A11 --- GRB GRB name (1)
13- 15 I3 --- Np Number of peaks
17- 24 E8.2 --- EffPV Effective p-value
26- 33 F8.3 s Pbest Best period candidate
35- 42 F8.3 s Dt-ph Phase bin duration
44- 51 F8.3 s Dt-ph-min Minimum phase bin duration
53- 55 I3 --- Ncyc-best Best number of cycles
57- 59 I3 --- Nph-best Best number of phase bins
61- 69 F9.3 s Pmin Minimum trial period
71- 79 F9.3 s Pmax Minimum trial period
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Note (1): In Simbad, GRB NNNNNNA for tables 1, 2, 4, and 5,
Fermi bnNNNNNNNNN for table 3.
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Acknowledgements:
Cristiano Guidorzi, guidorzi(at)fe.infn.it
(End) Cristiano Guidorzi [Univ. Ferrara], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 11-Apr-2025