J/A+A/700/A242 RV and photometry of 5 M dwarfs (Morales+, 2025)
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs.
Revisiting the GJ 317, GJ 463, GJ 3512 systems and two newly discovered planets
orbiting GJ 9773 and GJ 508.2.
Morales J.C., Ribas I., Reffert S., Perger M., Dreizler S.,
Anglada-Escude G., Bejar V.J.S., Herrero E., Kemmer J., Kuzuhara M.,
Lafarga M., Livingston J.H., Murgas F., Ogunwale B., Tal-Or L., Trifonov T.,
Vanaverbeke S., Amado P.J., Quirrenbach A., Reiners A., Caballero J.A.,
Aguei Fernandez J.F., Banegas J., Chaturvedi P., Dufoer S., Hatzes A.P.,
Henning T., Rodriguez-Lopez C., Schweitzer A., Solano E., Zechmeister M.,
Harakawa H., Kotani T., Omiya M., Sato B., Tamura M.
<Astron. Astrophys. 700, A242 (2025)>
=2025A&A...700A.242M 2025A&A...700A.242M (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Exoplanets ; Stars, M-type;
Spectroscopy ; Radial velocities ; Photometry ; Optical
Keywords: techniques: radial velocities - planets and satellites: detection -
planets and satellites: formation - stars: late-type -
planetary systems
Abstract:
Surveys for exoplanets indicate that the occurrence rate of gas giant
planets orbiting late-type stars in orbits with periods shorter than
1000 days is lower than in the case of Sun-like stars, in agreement
with planet formation models based on the core/pebble accretion
paradigm. The CARMENES exoplanet survey has been conducting
radial-velocity observations of several targets showing long-period
trends or modulations that are consistent with the presence of giant
planets at large orbital separations. We present here the analysis of
five such systems that have been monitored with the CARMENES
spectrograph, as well as with the IRD spectrograph. We additionally
use of archival data to improve the orbital parameters of the
planetary systems. We improve parameters of three previously-known
planets orbiting the M dwarfs GJ 317, GJ 463, and GJ 3512. We also
determine the orbital parameters and minimum mass of the planet GJ
3512 c, for which only lower limits had been given earlier.
Furthermore, we present the discovery of two new giant planets
orbiting the stars GJ 9733 and GJ 508.2, although for the second one
only lower limits to the orbital properties can be determined. The new
planet discoveries add to the short list of known giant planets
orbiting M-dwarf stars with subsolar metallicity at long orbital
periods above 2000 days. The results reveal that giant planets appear
to form more frequently in wide orbits than in close-in orbits around
low-mass and lower metallicity stars.
Description:
In Tables A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5 we provide the radial velocity time
series of the stars GJ 3512, GJ 317, GJ 463, GJ 9773 and GJ 508.2,
respectively, obtained with the CARMENES (VIS and NIR channels) and
the IRD spectrographs. The spectroscopic indices time series of the
exoplanet host stars are provided in Table A6. The target and the
spectroscopic indicator corresponding to each measurement are given in
the last two columns.
Tables B1 and B2 list the photometry time series of the stars GJ 9773
and GJ 508.2, respectively, obtained from different observatories and
using different photometric filters as indicated in the last column.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
stars.dat 66 5 List of studied stars
tablea1.dat 32 485 GJ 3512 CARMENES and IRD radial velocity
measurements
tablea2.dat 32 79 GJ 317 CARMENES radial velocity measurements
tablea3.dat 32 306 GJ 463 CARMENES radial velocity measurements
tablea4.dat 32 269 GJ 9773 CARMENES radial velocity measurements
tablea5.dat 32 46 GJ 508.2 CARMENES radial velocity measurements
tablea6.dat 58 13368 Spectroscopic indices time series
tableb1.dat 36 633 GJ 9773 photometric time series
tableb2.dat 36 347 GJ 508.2 photometric time series
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: stars.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 A8 --- Name Star name
11- 12 I2 h RAh Simbad right ascension (J2000)
14- 15 I2 min RAm Simbad right ascension (J2000)
17- 21 F5.2 s RAs Simbad right ascension (J2000)
23 A1 --- DE- Simbad declination sign (J2000)
24- 25 I2 deg DEd Simbad declination (J2000)
27- 28 I2 arcmin DEm Simbad declination (J2000)
30- 33 F4.1 arcsec DEs Simbad declination (J2000)
35- 39 A5 --- --- [Karmn]
41- 50 A10 --- Karmn CARMENES ID (JHHMMm+DDd)
52- 58 A7 --- rv Name of the table with RV data
60- 66 A7 --- lc Name of the table with LC data
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea[12345].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 F14.6 d BJD Barycentric Julian date
16- 22 F7.1 m/s RV Radial velocity
24- 28 F5.1 m/s e_RV Radial velocity uncertainty
30- 32 A3 -- Inst Instrument flag (1)
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Note (1): Flag identifying the instrument used for each RV measurement
as follows:
VIS = CARMENES spectrograph, visual channel
NIR = CARMENES spectrograph, near-infrared channel
IRD = InfraRed Doppler spectrograph
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 F14.6 d BJD Barycentric Julian date
16- 25 F10.4 --- Ind Value of the spectroscopic indicator
27- 36 F10.4 --- e_Ind Uncertainty of the spectroscopic indicator
38- 47 A10 --- Flag Spectroscopic index flag (2)
49- 58 A10 --- Karmn CARMENES ID of the target (JHHMMm+DDd)
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Note (2): Flag identifying the spectroscopic indicator. The available indices
correspond to line ratios, spectral lines pseudo-equivalent widths, template
matching activity indices (Zechmeister et al., 2018A&A...609A..12Z 2018A&A...609A..12Z ),
cross-correlation function (CCF) diagnostic indicators
(Lafarga et al. 2020A&A...636A..36L 2020A&A...636A..36L, Cat. J/A/636/A36), as defined in
Kemmer et al. (2025A&A...697A.225K 2025A&A...697A.225K) and references therein.
Listed indices are as follows::
Halpha = 6562.8Å Halpha line index
CaIRTa = 8498.0Å Ca IRT line index
CaIRTb = 8542.1Å Ca IRT line index
CaIRTc = 8662.1Å Ca IRT line index
NaD1 = 5895.2Å Na D line index
NaD2 = 5889.9 and Na D line index
CaH2 = CaH 2 band index
CaH3 = CaH 3 band index
TiO1 = 7048Å TiO band index
TiO2 = 8428Å TiO band index
TiO3 = 8858Å TiO band index
VO1 = 7474Å VO band index
VO2 = 7940Å VO band index
FeHWFB = FeH Wing-Ford band index
pewHe1D3 = pseudo-equivalent width of the 5875.6Å HeI D3 line [Å]
pewHe10833 = pseudo-equivalent width in of the 10830Å HeI line [Å]
Pabeta = pseudo-equivalent width of the Paschen beta line [Å]
CRX = chromatic index of the CARMENES VIS channel radial velocity [m/s]
CRX-NIR = chromatic index of the CARMENES NIR channel radial velocity [m/s]
dLW = differential line width of the CARMENES VIS channel
radial velocity
dLW-NIR = differential line width of the CARMENES NIR channel
radial velocity
CCF-FWHM = full width at half maximum of the CARMENES VIS channel CCF [km/s]
CCF-CON = contrast of the CARMENES VIS channel CCF [%]
CCF-BIS = bisector inverse slope of the CARMENES VIS channel CCF [km/s]
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableb1.dat tableb2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 F14.6 d BJD Barycentric Julian date
16- 21 F6.4 --- Flux Normalised flux
23- 28 F6.4 --- e_Flux Normalised uncertainty
30- 36 A7 -- Obs Observatory and filter flag (2)
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Note (2): Flag identifying the observatory and filter used to gather the
photometry time series of GJ 9773 and GJ 508.2 as follows:
EYE/V = Entre Encinas y Estrellas facility, V-band
EYE/R = Entre Encinas y Estrellas facility, R-band
LCOGT/B = Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope network, B-band
LCOGT/V = Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope network, V-band
OSN/B = Observatorio de Sierra Nevada, B-band
OSN/V = Observatorio de Sierra Nevada, V-band
TJO/R = Montsec Observatory, R-band
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Acknowledgements:
Juan Carlos Morales, morales(at)ice.csic.es
References:
Kemmer et al., 2025A&A...697A.225K 2025A&A...697A.225K
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Cluster analysis of
signals from spectral activity indicators to search for shared periods
Lafarga et al., 2020A&A...636A..36L 2020A&A...636A..36L
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Radial velocities and
activity indicators from cross-correlation functions with weighted binary
masks
Zechmeister et al., 2018A&A...609A..12Z 2018A&A...609A..12Z
Spectrum radial velocity analyser (SERVAL). High-precision radial velocities
and two alternative spectral indicators
(End) J.C. Morales [ICE, CSIC, IEEC Spain], P. Vannier [CDS] 18-Jul-2025