J/A+A/702/A157 Strong lensing cluster MACS J0138-2155 photometry (Ertl+, 2025)
Cosmology with supernova Encore in the strong lensing cluster MACS J0138-2155.
Photometry, cluster members, and lens mass model.
Ertl S., Suyu S.H., Schuldt S., Granata G., Grillo C., Caminha G.B.,
Acebron A., Bergamini P., Canameras R., Cha S., Diego J.M., Foo N.,
Frye B.L., Fudamoto Y., Halkola A., Jee M.J., Kamieneski P.S.,
Koekemoer A.M., Meena A.K., Nishida S., Oguri M., Pierel J.D.R., Rosati P.,
Tortorelli L., Wang H., Zitrin A.
<Astron. Astrophys. 702, A157 (2025)>
=2025A&A...702A.157E 2025A&A...702A.157E (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Gravitational lensing ; Clusters, galaxy ; Photometry, infrared ;
Photometry, HST
Keywords: gravitational lensing: strong - galaxies: clusters: general -
galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD - cosmological parameters
Abstract:
The strongly lensed Supernova (SN) Encore at a redshift of z=1.949,
discovered behind the galaxy cluster MACS J0138-2155 at z=0.336,
provides a rare opportunity for time-delay cosmography and studies of
the SN host galaxy, where previously another SN, called SN Requiem,
had appeared. To enable these studies, we combine new James Webb Space
Telescope (JWST) imaging, archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
imaging, and new Very Large Telescope (VLT) spectroscopic data to
construct state-of-the-art lens mass models that are composed of
cluster dark-matter (DM) halos and galaxies. We fit the surface
brightness distributions of the galaxies in the field of view using
Sersic profiles to determine their photometric and structural
parameters across six JWST and five HST filters. We use the
color-magnitude and color-color relations of
spectroscopically-confirmed cluster members to select additional
cluster members, identifying a total of 84 galaxies belonging to the
galaxy cluster. We construct seven different mass models using a
variety of DM halo mass profiles, and explore both multi-plane and
approximate single-plane lens models. As constraints, we use the
observed positions of 23 multiple images from eight multiple image
systems that originate from four galaxies with distinct spectroscopic
redshifts in the range of 0.767 to 3.420. In addition, we use stellar
velocity dispersion measurements to obtain priors on the galaxy mass
distributions. We find that six of the seven models fit well to the
observed image positions, with a root-mean-square (rms) scatter of
≤0.032" between the model-predicted and observed positions for
systems identified with JWST and HST images, including SN Encore and
SN Requiem (the rms scatter is 0.24" for all positions, including
those identified with MUSE images). Mass models with cored-isothermal
DM profiles fit well to the observations, whereas the mass model with
a Navarro-Frenk-White cluster DM profile has an image-position chi2
value that is four times higher. We build our ultimate model by
combining four multi-lens-plane mass models in order to incorporate
uncertainties due to model parameterizations. Our two approximate mass
models with single-lens plane will allow us to perform direct
comparisons with single-plane models built independently by other
teams. Using our ultimate model, we predict the image positions and
magnifications of SN Encore and SN Requiem. We also provide the
effective convergence and shear of SN Encore for microlensing studies.
Our work lays the foundation for building state-of-the-art mass models
of the cluster for future cosmological analysis and SN host galaxy
studies.
Description:
This table lists the magnitudes of selected objects used in the mass
modeling of MACS J0138-2155, obtained by fitting Sersic profiles to
their surface brightness distributions. For each object we list its
photometric ID, the position in RA and dec, and the magnitudes in all
HST and JWST filters used in the modeling (Table 3 in the paper). The
BCG is labeled as index 0. If an object is not modeled in a specific
band (e.g., if it is not in the field of view) its magnitude is "---".
The reported magnitudes are AB magnitudes.
Objects:
--------------------------------------------------------------
RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
--------------------------------------------------------------
01 37 59.99 -21 55 00.0 MACS J0138-2155 = MCS J0138.0-2155
--------------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
tablea1.dat 134 82 Photometric parameters for 82 galaxies used
in the model
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Seq [0/485] Photometric ID
5- 19 F15.11 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000.0)
21- 35 F15.11 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000.0)
37- 44 F8.5 mag F555Wmag ?=- HST ACS/F555W magnitude (AB)
46- 53 F8.5 mag F814Wmag ?=- HST WFC3/F814W magnitude (AB)
55- 62 F8.5 mag F105Wmag HST WFC3/F105W magnitude (AB)
64- 71 F8.5 mag F115Wmag ?=- JWST NIRCam/F115W magnitude (AB)
73- 80 F8.5 mag F125Wmag HST WFC3/F125W magnitude (AB)
82- 89 F8.5 mag F150Wmag ?=- JWST NIRCam/F150W magnitude (AB)
91- 98 F8.5 mag F160Wmag HST WFC3/F160W magnitude (AB)
100-107 F8.5 mag F200Wmag ?=- JWST NIRCam/F200W magnitude (AB)
109-116 F8.5 mag F277Wmag ?=- JWST NIRCam/F277W magnitude (AB)
118-125 F8.5 mag F356Wmag ?=- JWST NIRCam/F356W magnitude (AB)
127-134 F8.5 mag F444Wmag ?=- JWST NIRCam/F444W magnitude (AB)
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Acknowledgements:
Sebastian Ertl, ertlseb(at)mpa-garching.mpg.de
References:
Granata et al., 2025A&A...697A..94G 2025A&A...697A..94G, MACS J0138-2155 spectroscopy with MUSE
(End) Sebastian Ertl [MPA,Germany], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 28-Jul-2025