J/A+A/703/A282 HL Tau spectral data cubes + map (Riviere-Marichalar+, 2025)
Observations of sulfuretted species in HL Tau.
Riviere-Marichalar P., le Gal R., Fuente A., Semenov D., Esplugues G.,
Navarro-Almaida D., Facchin S.
<Astron. Astrophys. 703, A282 (2025)>
=2025A&A...703A.282R 2025A&A...703A.282R (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, variable ; Interferometry ; Interstellar medium ;
Spectroscopy
Keywords: astrochemistry - protoplanetary disks - ISM: abundances -
ISM: molecules -
Abstract:
Protoplanetary disks inherit their chemical composition from their
natal molecular cloud, although the extent to which this
material is preserved versus reset through chemical reprocessing
remains an open question. Understanding this balance is a major topic
in astrochemistry and star and planet formation. Comparing the
chemical composition of the envelope and the protoplanetary disk is
key to solving the topic. However, disentangling protoplanetary disk
emission from envelope emission is not an easy task.
The goal of this is paper to investigate chemical differences between
the disk and the surrounding envelope by comparing the column density
ratios of a few selected species in each region. The selected source
is HL Tau, where molecular absorption lines from the envelope have
been detected, thus allowing for the derivation of column densities
and molecular abundances.
We present new NOEMA observations of HL Tau, targeting the following
species: CS, H2CO, H2S, and SO2. We produce
zeroth-, first-, and second-moment maps for the species where emission
was detected and use them to analyse the spatial distribution and
kinematic properties of the different molecules in the disk and the
envelope. We derive column densities and compare the values derived
for the envelope and disk. We also compute the rotational diagram for
the SO2 detected transitions.
Assuming two different temperature regimes, 17 and 58K, we derive
column densities for the species surveyed in the disk
and compare them with values derived for the envelope. We find large
differences in the derived column density ratios of the molecules
surveyed, especially for N(CS)/N(H2S), which is 40 to 50 times
larger in the envelope. We attribute these variations to the
different excitation and UV-irradiation regimes in the disk and
envelope. We also note strong gradients in the ratios between
different positions of the disk and tentatively attribute them to
different levels of turbulence at different azimuths.
The observed differences in molecular ratios in the envelope and the
disk are suggestive of chemical reprocessing of the gas during the
formation and evolution of the protoplanetary disk.
Description:
Spectral data cubes and continuum data cubes corresponding to
observations of molecular species in AB Aur analyzed in the paper.
Objects:
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RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
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04 31 38.51 +18 13 57.8 HL Tau = 2MASS J04313843+1813576
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
list.dat 174 8 List of fits datacubes and map
fits/* . 8 Individual fits datacubes and map
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See also:
J/A+A/644/A120 : HL TAU and IRAS04302+2247 H2CS ALMA images (Codella+, 2020)
J/A+A/658/A104 : HL Tau SO2 14(0-14)-13(1,13) datacube (Garufi+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: list.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 F9.5 deg RAdeg Right Ascension of center (J2000)
10- 18 F9.5 deg DEdeg Declination of center (J2000)
20- 22 I3 --- Nx Number of pixels along X-axis
24- 26 I3 --- Ny Number of pixels along Y-axis
28- 30 I3 --- Nz ? Number of pixels along Z-axis for data cubes
32- 38 F7.4 m/s bVRAD ? Lower value of VRAD interval
40- 46 F7.1 m/s BVRAD ? Upper value of VRAD interval
48- 54 F7.3 m/s dVRAD ? VRAD resolution
56- 60 I5 Kibyte size Size of FITS file
62-101 A40 --- FileName Name of FITS file, in subdirectory fits
103-174 A72 --- Title Title of the FITS file
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Acknowledgements:
Pablo Riviere-Marichalar, p.riviere(at)oan.es
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 13-Oct-2025