J/A+A/707/A171 Compilation of optical tidal disruption events (Langis+, 2026)
Repeating flares, X-ray outbursts and delayed infrared emission:
A comprehensive compilation of optical tidal disruption events. TDECat.
Langis D.A., Liodakis I., Koljonen K.I.I., Paggi A., Globus N.,
Wyrzykowski L., Mikolajczyk P.J., Kotysz K., ZieliNski P., Ihanec N.,
Ding J., Morshed D., Torres Z.
<Astron. Astrophys. 707, A171 (2026)>
=2026A&A...707A.171L 2026A&A...707A.171L (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Active gal. nuclei ; Black holes ; Accretion ; X-ray sources
Keywords: accretion, accretion disks - black hole physics -
methods: statistical - catalogs - galaxies: nuclei
Abstract:
Tidal disruption events (TDEs) have been proposed as valuable
laboratories for studying dormant black holes. However, progress in
this field has been hampered by the limited number of observed events.
In this work, we present TDECat, a comprehensive catalogue of 134
confirmed TDEs (131 optical TDEs and 3 jetted TDEs) discovered up to
the end of 2024, accompanied by multi-wavelength photometry (X-ray,
ultraviolet (UV), optical, and infrared) and publicly available
spectra. We also study the statistical properties, spectral
classifications, and multi-band variability of these events. Using a
Bayesian Blocks algorithm, we determine the duration, rise time
(trise), decay time (tdecay), and their ratio for 103 flares in
our sample. We find that these timescales follow a log-normal
distribution. Furthermore, our spectral analysis shows that most
optical TDEs belong to the TDE-H+He class, followed by the TDE-H,
TDE-He, and TDE-featureless classes, which is consistent with
expectations from main sequence star disruption. Using archival
observations, we identify three new potentially repeating TDEs, namely
AT 2024pvu, AT 2022exr, and AT 2021uvz, increasing the number of known
repeating events. In both newly identified and previously known cases,
the secondary flares exhibit a similar shape to the primary. We also
examine the infrared and X-ray emission from the TDEs in our
catalogue, and find that 14 out of the 18 infrared events have
associated X-ray emission, strongly suggesting a potential
correlation. Finally, we find that for three subsamples (repeating
flares, infrared-emitting events, and X-ray-emitting events), the
spectral classes are unlikely to be randomly distributed, suggesting a
connection between spectral characteristics and multi-wavelength
emission. TDEcat enables large-scale population studies across
wavelengths and spectral classes, providing essential tools for
navigating the data-rich era of upcoming surveys such as the Legacy
Survey of Space and Time.
Description:
Overall catalogue of 134 tidal disruption events (TDE), as well as the
TDE candidates sample (full Table 1).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
tdecat.dat 235 134 TDECat: optical Tidal Disruption Event CATalogue
table1.dat 362 24 TDE candidates sample
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See also:
https://github.com/dlangis/TDECat : TDECat
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tdecat.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 11 A11 --- ATName Astronomical transient name
13- 24 A12 --- ZTFName ZTF name
26- 34 A9 --- Gaia-alertName Gaia alert name
36- 58 A23 --- eRASSName eRASS counterpart name
60- 89 A30 --- AltName Other aliases
91- 92 I2 h RAh Right Ascension (J2000)
94- 95 I2 min RAm Right Ascension (J2000)
97-102 F6.3 s RAs Right Ascension (J2000)
104 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
105-106 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
108-109 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
111-116 F6.3 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
118-127 F10.8 --- z TDE redshift
129-156 A28 --- HostName Name of the host galaxy
158-171 A14 --- DiscIntName TDE discovery internal name
173-195 A23 mag Discmag Discovery magnitude in DiscFilter (1)
197-211 A15 --- DiscFilter Discovery filter
213-235 A23 "datime" DiscDate Date of discovery (UT)
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Note (1): For most of the sources, the values are in AB magnitudes.
For LSQ12dyw, ASASSN-15oi, ASASSN-14li and ASASSN-14ae the magnitudes are in
the Vega system.
The 2 jetted, Swift J1644 and Swift J2058 were not observed in the optical,
hence they do not have a discovery magnitude (optical).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- ATName Astronomical transient name
17- 57 A41 --- AltName Alternative name
63- 64 I2 h RAh Right Ascension (J2000)
71- 72 I2 min RAm Right Ascension (J2000)
79- 84 F6.3 s RAs Right Ascension (J2000)
90 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
98- 99 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
106-107 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
114-118 F5.2 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
124-288 A165 --- Notes Notes / comments
289-362 A74 --- Ref Literature reference(s) (1)
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Note (1): References as follows:
Arcavi et al. (2014) = 2014ApJ...793...38A 2014ApJ...793...38A, Cat. J/ApJ/793/38
Blanchard et al. (2017) = 2017ApJ...843..106B 2017ApJ...843..106B
Brown et al. (2015) = 2015MNRAS.452.4297B 2015MNRAS.452.4297B
Cenko et al. (2012) = 2012MNRAS.420.2684C 2012MNRAS.420.2684C
Chornock et al. (2014) = 2014ApJ...780...44C 2014ApJ...780...44C
Dong et al. (2016) = 2016Sci...351..257D 2016Sci...351..257D
Dou et al. (2016) = 2016ApJ...832..188D 2016ApJ...832..188D
Esquej et al. (2007) = 2007A&A...462L..49E 2007A&A...462L..49E
Esquej et al. (2008) = 2008A&A...489..543E 2008A&A...489..543E
Foley et al. (2015) = 2015ATel.6877....1F 2015ATel.6877....1F
Frederick et al. (2021) = 2021ApJ...920...56F 2021ApJ...920...56F
Gezari et al. (2006) = 2006ApJ...653L..25G 2006ApJ...653L..25G
Gezari et al. (2008) = 2008ApJ...676..944G 2008ApJ...676..944G
Godoy-Rivera et al. (2017) = 2017MNRAS.466.1428G 2017MNRAS.466.1428G
Gromadzki et al. (2019) = 2019A&A...622L...2G 2019A&A...622L...2G
Guolo & Gezari (2023) = 2023TNSAN.195....1G 2023TNSAN.195....1G
Hammerstein et al. (2023) = 2023ApJ...942....9H 2023ApJ...942....9H, Cat. J/ApJ/942/9
Ho et al. (2025) = 2025ApJ...989...54H 2025ApJ...989...54H
Jiang et al. (2019) = 2019ApJ...871...15J 2019ApJ...871...15J
Komossa et al. (2008) = 2008ApJ...678L..13K 2008ApJ...678L..13K
Leloudas et al. (2016) = 2016NatAs...1E...2L 2016NatAs...1E...2L
Llamas Lanza et al. (2024) = 2024TNSAN.178....1L 2024TNSAN.178....1L
Palaversa et al. (2016) = 2016ApJ...819..151P 2016ApJ...819..151P
Payne et al. (2021) = 2021ApJ...910..125P 2021ApJ...910..125P
Perley et al. (2023) = 2023TNSAN..26....1P 2023TNSAN..26....1P
Ravi & Shannon (2015) = 2015ATel.6904....1R 2015ATel.6904....1R
Shlentsova et al. (2024) = 2024TNSAN..98....1S 2024TNSAN..98....1S
Subrayan et al. (2023) = 2023ApJ...948L..19S 2023ApJ...948L..19S
Tomasella (2016) = 2016TNSCR.597....1T 2016TNSCR.597....1T
Veres et al. (2023) = 2023TNSAN.194....1V 2023TNSAN.194....1V
Wyrzykowski et al. (2017) = 2017MNRAS.465L.114W 2017MNRAS.465L.114W, Cat. J/MNRAS/465/L114
Yan et al. (2019) = 2019TNSAN..45....1Y 2019TNSAN..45....1Y
Yang et al. (2013) = 2013ApJ...774...46Y 2013ApJ...774...46Y
Yao et al. (2023) = 2023ApJ...955L...6Y 2023ApJ...955L...6Y
Yu et al. (2015) = 2015ATel.6887....1Y 2015ATel.6887....1Y
van Velzen et al. (2021) = 2021ApJ...908....4V 2021ApJ...908....4V
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Acknowledgements:
Dimitrios Alkinoos Langis, dlangis(at)physics.uoc.gr
(End) Dimitrios A. Langis [Univ. Crete], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 22-Dec-2025