J/A+A/707/A312 The fate of MS-BD binaries (Chen+, 2026)
Fates of the sub-stellar objects (FOSSO).
I. Fates of the known brown dwarfs in main-sequence BD binaries.
Chen Z., Jin H., Ge H., Yu C., Wang K., Chen D., Ma B.
<Astron. Astrophys. 707, A312 (2026)>
=2026A&A...707A.312C 2026A&A...707A.312C (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Binaries, eclipsing ; Stars, brown dwarf ; Stars, standard ;
Stars, masses ; Binaries, orbits ; Abundances, [Fe/H] ;
Combined data ; References
Keywords: binaries: close - brown dwarfs - white dwarfs
Abstract:
Understanding the survival and orbital evolution of brown dwarf (BD)
companions during the post-main-sequence (MS) evolution of their host
stars is increasingly important, especially with recent discoveries of
many substellar companions around white dwarfs (WDs).
We investigate the long-term evolution and final outcomes of BDs
orbiting low-mass MS stars as these evolve into WDs. By comparing
forward-modeling populations with observed WD-BD binaries, we test
evolutionary models and predict the existence of yet-undetected
systems.
We employ the COMPAS binary population synthesis code to evolve
observed MS-BD systems through the post-MS phases of their host stars
into the WD stage, tracking orbital changes driven by mass loss,
tides, and common-envelope (CE) evolution.
Our simulations reproduce a period gap in the distribution of detached
WD-BD binaries, consistent with observations. We also identify a
boundary separating detached and semi-detached systems on the
period-mass diagram, located at orbital periods of ∼1-2 hours
depending on the BD mass.
We predict that a subset of currently known MS-BD binaries will
survive post-MS evolution and emerge as detached WD-BD systems, while
others will undergo CE evolution and potentially form cataclysmic
variables with BD donors. Our results reproduce the observed period
gap in WD-BD binaries and provide quantitative predictions for the
role of CE efficiency in shaping their distribution. This work
predicts that many WD-BD systems remain undetected, motivating
targeted searches with microlensing and high-contrast imaging
techniques using next-generation large telescopes.
Description:
This catalog lists 213 main-sequence-brown dwarf (MS-BD) binary
systems compiled from a large number of discovery papers, catalog
publications, and public astronomical databases. For each system, this
table msbd.dat provides the main observed parameters, including the
masses of the brown dwarf and the main-sequence host star, the orbital
period or semi-major axis (which may be a projected value), and the
orbital eccentricity. Parameter values are adopted from the most
recent and reliable analyses available in the literature in presented
refs.dat.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
msbd.dat 181 213 Main-sequence-Brown dwarf catalog
refs.dat 136 125 References of binary systems
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See also:
J/A+A/702/A77 : Catalog of 9698 planet candidate solar-type hosts
(Kiefer+, 2025)
J/A+A/702/A4 : kappa And JWST/MIRI images (Godoy+, 2025)
J/A+A/689/A185 : JWST/MIRI HR 2562 B images (Godoy+, 2024)
J/A+A/688/A120 : BD-14 3065b (TOI-4987b) 2D spectra (Subjak+, 2024)
J/A+A/680/A16 : RV measurements for 12 stars (Unger+, 2023)
J/A+A/678/A107 : Long-period substellar companions (Philipot+, 2023)
J/A+A/678/A93 : Multiples among B-stars in Sco-Cen (Gratton+, 2023)
J/A+A/674/A114 : Southern extrasolar planets CORALIE survey. XIX
(Barbato+, 2023)
J/A+A/671/A10 : Planets around stars with wide brown dwarfs (Subjak+, 2023)
J/A+A/669/A12 : HARPS Sco-Cen + SOPHIE YNS and HARPS YNS (Grandjean+ 2023)
J/A+A/657/A53 : Wide-orbit companions to K-type stars in Sco-Cen
(Bohn+, 2022)
J/A+A/652/A127 : 13-150MJup eclipsing binaries transiting comp.
(Grieves+, 2021)
J/A+A/651/A11 : SOPHIE radial velocities of 27 F/G stars (Dalal+, 2021)
J/A+A/645/A7 : Determining true mass of RV exoplanets with Gaia
(Kiefer+, 2021)
J/ApJ/640/1051 : 25pc sample of Sun-like stars (Grether+, 2006)
J/A+A/631/A125 : 54 massive companions detected with SOPHIE (Kiefer+, 2019)
J/A+A/628/A64 : EPIC 212036875b griz light curves (Persson+, 2019)
J/A+A/592/A13 : HD 219828 radial velocity curve (Santos+, 2016)
J/A+A/588/A144 : Radial velocities of 15 targets (Wilson+, 2016)
J/A+A/585/A46 : Extrasolar planets. Radial velocities of 5 stars
(Bouchy+, 2016)
J/A+A/558/A96 : CSS21055 light curves (Beuermann+, 2013)
J/A+A/538/A113 : Extrasolar planets. Radial velocities of eight stars
(Diaz+ 2012)
J/MNRAS/542/1233 : HD 72659 RV, S and BIS curves (Ruggieri+, 2025)
J/MNRAS/527/3183 : (Sub)Stellar companions of exoplanet hosts (Michel+ 2024)
J/MNRAS/492/431 : A planetary-mass companion to a solar-type star (Bohn+,2020)
J/MNRAS/446/411 : V lightcurves of J1407 from PROMPT-4 and ROAD
(Kenworthy+, 2015)
J/ApJS/270/8 : The KGPS. I. Kepler planet-host RVs from HIRES (Weiss+,2024)
J/ApJS/265/50 : Low-mass companions to KOIs observed with APOGEE
(Canas+, 2023)
J/ApJS/262/21 : 3-D selection of 167 sub-stellar companions (Feng+, 2022)
J/ApJS/231/15 : Astrometric monitoring of ultracool dwarf binaries
(Dupuy+, 2017)
J/ApJS/194/28 : The evolution of cataclysmic variables (Knigge+, 2011)
J/AJ/167/109 : TOI-1994 radial velocities with MINERVA & CHIRON
(Page+, 2024)
J/AJ/167/253 : 89 new utlra cool dwarfs comoving companions
(Rothermich+, 2024)
J/AJ/167/64 : HD 136164 Ab IR spectrum with VLTI/GRAVITY (Balmer+, 2024)
J/AJ/166/136 : HIRES/HARPS radial velocities for HAT-P-2 (de Beurs+, 2023)
J/AJ/166/85 : K-band spectroscopy of HD 284149b (Hoch+, 2023)
J/AJ/163/223 : Radial velocity study of π Mensae (Hatzes+, 2022)
J/AJ/161/97 : Radial Velocities of TOI-811 and TOI-852 (Carmichael+, 2021)
J/AJ/158/38 : New substellar discoveries from Kepler and K2
(Carmichael+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/149 : Transit parameters for planets around subgiants (Luhn+,2019)
J/AJ/157/31 : Differential photometry & radial velocities of HATS-70
(Zhou+, 2019)
J/AJ/156/216 : Differential photometry & RVs of HATS-59 (Sarkis+, 2018)
J/AJ/154/64 : Transit times of Kepler-448b and Kepler-693b (Masuda, 2017)
J/AJ/153/258 : 2007.5 to 2010.4 HST astrometry of HD 202206
(Benedict+, 2017)
J/AJ/152/112 : Solar-type stars from SDSS-III MARVELS. VI. HD 87646
(Ma+, 2016)
J/AJ/151/85 : Companions to APOGEE stars. I. (Troup+, 2016)
J/AJ/124/1144 : Orbits of 171 single-lined spectroscopic binaries
(Latham, 2002)
J/ApJ/923/48 : Discovery of an L dwarf co-moving BD+60 1417 (Faherty+,2021)
J/ApJ/899/123 : Spitzer follow up of 95 brown dwarfs (Meisner+, 2020)
J/ApJ/891/171 : COCONUTS. I. Spectra of a WD and T4 comoving syst.
(Zhang+, 2020)
J/ApJ/854/145 : Opt. photometry & NIR spectroscopy of Wolf 1130 (Mace+,2018)
J/ApJ/792/119 : Companions to nearby stars from Pan-STARRS 1 (Deacon+, 2014)
J/ApJ/785/126 : HIRES radial velocity measurements (Knutson+, 2014)
J/ApJ/761/123 : KELT-1 photometry and spectroscopy follow-up (Siverd+, 2012)
J/ApJ/753/149 : YSOVAR: six eclipsing binaries in Orion
(Morales-Calderon+, 2012)
J/ApJ/726/L19 : Gunn r photometry of WASP-30 (Anderson+, 2011)
III/278 : Double stars with wide separations in the AGK3
(Halbwachs+, 2016)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: msbd.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 19 A19 --- Star The host star of brown dwarf (BD)
21- 26 F6.3 Mjup MBD ? Mass of BD (M_BD)
28- 33 F6.3 Mjup e_MBD ? Lower error on Mass of BD (mMBD)
35- 40 F6.3 Mjup E_MBD ? Upper error on Mass of BD (pMBD)
42- 47 F6.3 Mjup Msini ? Projected mass Msini of BD (Msini_BD)
49- 55 F7.4 Mjup e_Msini ? Lower error on Msini of BD (mMsiniBD)
57- 63 F7.4 Mjup E_Msini ? Upper error on Msini of BD (pMsiniBD)
65- 81 F17.8 d Porb ? Orbital period of system (P_orb)
83- 91 E9.6 d e_Porb ? Lower error on P_orb (mPorb)
93- 101 E9.6 d E_Porb ? Upper error on P_orb (pPorb)
103- 113 F11.5 au a ? Orbital semi-major axis (lower limit)
(a_orb)
115- 123 F9.5 au e_a ? Lower error on a_orb (maorb)
125- 133 F9.5 au E_a ? Upper error on a_orb (paorb)
135- 141 F7.5 --- e ? Orbital eccentricity (e_orb)
143- 149 F7.5 --- e_e ? Lower error on e_orb (meorb)
151- 157 F7.5 --- E_e ? Upper error on e_orb (peorb)
159- 165 F7.5 Msun MMS Mass of Main-sequence primary (M_MS)
167- 174 F8.5 [Sun] [Fe/H] ? Iron to hydrogen abundance ratio of
Main-sequence primary (FeHMS)
176- 181 A6 --- Ref Reference index of the system, in refs.dat
file (Reference)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Ref Reference code
5- 23 A19 --- BibCode ADS bibcode
25- 56 A32 --- DOI DOI
58-110 A53 --- ADS ADS url
112-136 A25 --- Com Comments
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Acknowledgements:
Zhangliang Chen, chenzhliang(at)mail2.sysu.edu.cn
(End) Luc Trabelsi [CDS] 28-Jan-2026