J/A+A/707/A345 Gaia GraL. X. (Ducourant+, 2026)
Gaia GraL: The GraL catalogue of gravitationally lensed quasars.
X. Matched with Gaia data, redshifts and time delays.
Ducourant C., Teixeira R., Vale-Cunha P.H., Delchambre L., Krone-Martins A.,
Braine J., Galluccio L., Le Campion J-F., Krinski-Moreira O.S.,
Scarano Jr S., Boehm C., Connor T., Djorgovski S.G., Graham M.J., Jalan P.,
Petit Q., Klioner S.A., Mignard F., Negi V., Sebastian den Brok J.,
Slezak I., Slezak E., Spindola-Duarte C., Stern D., Surdej J., Sweeney D.,
Walton D.J., Wambsganss J.
<Astron. Astrophys. 707, A345 (2026)>
=2026A&A...707A.345D 2026A&A...707A.345D (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Gravitational lensing ; QSOs ; Redshifts ; Optical
Keywords: catalogues - astrometry - galaxies: active - quasars: emission lines -
gravitational lensing: strong
Abstract:
Determining the Hubble constant tension requires alternative
strategies, and multiply imaged quasars, with their intermediate
redshifts, can potentially be used in this regard. We provide a
currently complete catalogue of spectroscopically confirmed lensed
quasars with ESA/Gaia astrometry and photometry, as well as redshifts
and time delays when available. In addition to the improved
astrometry, the catalogue increases the number of lensed quasars by a
factor of 1.5 (now 364, of which 277 are doubles and 87 are quads or
triples) and significantly increases the number of lensing galaxies
detected (now 218), which represents a major step forward. Redshifts
are provided for 347 quasars and 188 deflectors. A completely new
table of time delays, required for estimates of H0, is presented, with
195 time delays from 73 systems. Gaia absolute astrometry is
sub-milliarcsecond and covers the entire sky. Future Gaia data
releases will provide long-term photometry, which should provide many
more time delays. The catalogues as presented here enable
machine-learning techniques to be trained and tested and subsequently
applied to the Gaia data releases. Finally, we derive simple but
homogeneous models of the 18 quadruply imaged quasars for which images
of all four components are presented in Gaia DR3.
Description:
Table A1 provides the compiled list of 364 known gravitationally
lensed systems together with their usual identification, the
astrometry and photometry of Gaia DR3, of Gaia FPR, the AllWISE
photometry, redshifts from Milliquas, from Gaia QSOC DR3 or from SHSRC
and the bibliographic references corresponding to the discovery of the
lens and to the redshifts measurement. Deflecting galaxies are also
included whenever possible.
Table B1 provides the compiled list of 73 known gravitationally lensed
systems with their published time delays.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
tablea1.dat 820 1090 Compiled list of 364 known gravitationally
lensed systems
tableb1.dat 199 73 Compiled list of known gravitationally lensed
systems with their time delays in days
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See also:
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
I/361 : Gaia Focused Product Release (Gaia FPR) (Gaia Collaboration, 2023)
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
VII/294 : The Million Quasars (Milliquas) catalogue, version 8 (Flesch, 2023)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 24 A24 --- Name Name (Name)
26- 27 A2 --- Comp Component (Component)
29- 30 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000) from ra_best
(ra_sexa)
32- 33 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000) from ra_best
(ra_sexa)
35- 41 F7.4 s RAs Right ascension (J2000) from ra_best
(ra_sexa)
43 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000) from dec_best
(dec_sexa)
44- 45 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000) from dec_best (dec_sexa)
47- 48 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000) from dec_best (dec_sexa)
50- 55 F6.3 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000) from dec_best (dec_sexa)
57- 62 A6 --- Type Type (Type)
64- 72 F9.6 arcsec MaxSep Maximum separation (Max_separation)
74- 88 F15.11 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000), best astrometry
available (ra_best)
90-104 F15.11 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000), best astrometry
available (dec_best)
106-116 A11 --- rpos Origin of best astrometry, can be Gaia_DR3,
Gaia_FPR, HST, Publication
(astrometry_best)
118-136 A19 --- Author Author of discovery (Author)
138-141 I4 --- Date Date of discovery (Date)
143-161 A19 --- BibCode BibCode of discovery (BibCode)
163-169 A7 --- Author2 Author if co-discovery (Author2)
171-174 I4 --- Date2 ?=- Date if co-discovery (Date2)
176-194 A19 --- BibCode2 BibCode if co-discovery (BibCode2)
196-210 F15.11 deg RApdeg Right ascension (J2000) from publication
(ra_pub)
212-226 F15.11 deg DEpdeg Declination (J2000) from publication
(dec_pub)
228-242 F15.11 deg RAcdeg Center right ascension of the lens system,
from best coordinates (ra_center)
244-258 F15.11 deg DEcdeg Center declination of the lens system,
from best coordinates (dec_center)
260-265 F6.4 --- zsource ?=- Redshift (z_source)
267-272 F6.4 --- zdef ?=- Redshift deflector (z_deflector)
274-334 A61 --- r_zsource Redshift reference (z_bibcode)
336-340 F5.3 --- zmilli ?=- Redshift from Milliquas (z_milli)
342-344 A3 --- f_zmilli Redshift flag from Milliquas (flagzmilli)
346-351 A6 --- r_zmilli Redshift reference from Milliquas
(refzmilli)
353-360 F8.6 --- zqsocdr3 ?=- Redshift from Gaia DR3 QSOC (zqsocdr3)
362-363 I2 --- f_zqsocdr3 ?=- Redshift flag from Gaia DR3 QSOC
(flagszqsoc_dr3)
365-374 F10.8 --- zSHSRC ?=- Redshift from SHSRC (z_SHSRC)
376-385 A10 --- f_zSHSRC Redshift flag from SHSRC (flagzSHSRC)
387-418 A32 --- r_zSHSRC Redshift reference from SHSRC (refzSHSRC)
420 I1 --- inFPR [0/1] In FPR (inFPR)
422-448 A27 --- GLens Gravitatioanl lens name from Gaia FPR
(gravLensName)
450 I1 --- CompId ?=- Index of the component for this sourceId
from Gaia FPR (compId)
452-454 I3 --- nObsComp ?=- Number of valid observations used for
this component from Gaia FPR (nObsComp)
456-470 F15.11 deg RACodeg ?=- Component right ascension from Gaia FPR
(raComp)
472-480 F9.5 arcsec e_RACodeg ?=- Component right ascension error from
Gaia FPR (stdRaComp)
482-496 F15.11 deg DECodeg ?=- Component declination from Gaia FPR
(decComp)
498-506 F9.5 arcsec e_DECodeg ?=- Component declination error from
Gaia FPR (stdDecComp)
508-514 F7.4 mag GmagComp ?=- Component G magnitude from Gaia FPR
(GComp)
516-522 F7.5 mag e_GmagComp ?=- Component G magnitude error from
Gaia FPR (stdGComp)
524 I1 ---- f_GLens ?=- Gravitatioanl lens flag from Gaia FPR
(gravLensFlag)
526-527 I2 --- f_CompId ?=- Component object flag from Gaia FPR
(componentObjectFlag)
529 I1 --- inDR3 [0/1] In Gaia DR3? (inDR3)
531-549 I19 --- GaiaDR3 ?=- Gaia DR3 source ID (sourceidDR3)
551-565 F15.11 deg RAGdeg ?=- Gaia DR3 right ascension (ICRS (ra_DR3)
567-573 F7.4 arcsec e_RAGdeg ?=- Gaia DR3 right ascension error
(raerrorDR3)
575-589 F15.11 deg DEGdeg ?=- Gaia DR3 declination (ICRS (dec_DR3)
591-597 F7.4 arcsec e_DEGdeg ?=- Gaia DR3 declination error
(decerrorDR3)
599-606 F8.4 mas plx ?=- Gaia DR3 parallax (parallax_DR3)
608-613 F6.4 mas e_plx ?=- Gaia DR3 parallax error
(parallaxerrorDR3)
615-621 F7.4 --- Rplx ?=- Gaia DR3 parallax over error
(parallaxovererror_DR3)
623-628 F6.3 mas/yr PM ?=- Gaia DR3 total proper motion (pm_DR3)
630-636 F7.3 mas/yr pmRA ?=- Gaia DR3 proper motion along RA
(pmra_DR3)
638-642 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmRA ?=- Gaia DR3 proper motion along RA error
(pmraerrorDR3)
644-649 F6.3 mas/yr pmDE ?=- Gaia DR3 proper motion along DE
(pmdec_DR3)
651-655 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmDE ?=- Gaia DR3 proper motion along DE error
(pmdecerrorDR3)
657-665 F9.6 mag Gmag ?=- Gaia DR3 G magnitude
(photgmeanmagDR3)
667-674 F8.6 mag e_Gmag ?=- Gaia DR3 G magnitude error
(photgmeanmagerror_DR3)
676-684 F9.6 mag BPmag ?=- Gaia DR3 BP magnitude
(photbpmeanmagDR3)
686-693 F8.6 mag e_BPmag ?=- Gaia DR3 magnitude error
(photbpmeanmagerror_DR3)
695-703 F9.6 mag RPmag ?=- Gaia DR3 RP magnitude
(photrpmeanmagDR3)
705-712 F8.6 mag e_RPmag ?=- Gaia DR3 RP magnitude error
(photrpmeanmagerror_DR3)
714-719 F6.3 mag E(BP/RP) ?=- Gaia DR3 BP/RP excess factor
(photbprpexcessfactor_DR3)
721-728 F8.6 mag BP-RP ?=- Gaia DR3 BP-RP colour (bprpDR3)
730-738 F9.6 mag Gmagc ?=- Gaia DR3 corrected G magnitude
(photgmeanmagcorrected_DR3)
740-747 F8.6 mag e_Gmagc ?=- Gaia DR3 corrected G magnitude error
(photgmeanmagerrorcorrectedDR3)
749 I1 --- inAllWISE [0/1] In AllWISE (inAllWISE)
751-769 A19 --- AllWISE AllWISE name (AllWISE)
771-776 F6.3 mag W1mag ?=- AllWISE W1 magnitude (W1mag)
778-783 F6.3 mag W2mag ?=- AllWISE W2 magnitude (W2mag)
785-790 F6.3 mag W3mag ?=- AllWISE W3 magnitude (W3mag)
792-796 F5.3 mag W4mag ?=- AllWISE W4 magnitude (W4mag)
798-802 F5.3 mag e_W1mag ?=- AllWISE W1 magnitude error (e_W1mag)
804-808 F5.3 mag e_W2mag ?=- AllWISE W2 magnitude error (e_W2mag)
810-814 F5.3 mag e_W3mag ?=- AllWISE W3 magnitude error (e_W3mag)
816-820 F5.3 mag e_W4mag ?=- AllWISE W4 magnitude error (e_W4mag)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableb1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 24 A24 --- Name Name
26- 27 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000) of center of the
lens system according to table A1
29- 30 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000) of center of the
lens system according to table A1
32- 38 F7.4 s RAs Right ascension (J2000) of center of the
lens system according to table A1
40 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000) of center of the
lens system according to table A1
41- 42 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000) of center of the
lens system according to table A1
44- 45 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000) of center of the
lens system according to table A1
47- 52 F6.3 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000) of center of the
lens system according to table A1
54- 65 E12.6 d tAB ?=- Time delay between A and B images
67- 72 F6.3 d e_tAB ?=- Time delay between A and B images error
74- 85 E12.6 d tAC ?=- Time delay between A and C images
87- 91 F5.2 d e_tAC ?=- Time delay between A and C images error
93-104 E12.6 d tAD ?=- Time delay between A and D images
106-110 F5.2 d e_tAD ?=- Time delay between A and D images error
113-117 F5.1 d tBC ?=- Time delay between B and C images
119-123 F5.2 d e_tBC ?=- Time delay between B and C images error
125-136 E12.6 d tBD ?=- Time delay between B and D images
138-142 F5.2 d e_tBD ?=- Time delay between B and D images error
144-155 E12.6 d tCD ?=- Time delay between C and D images
157-161 F5.2 d e_tCD ?=- Time delay between C and D images error
163-179 A17 --- Ref Reference code
181-199 A19 --- BibCode BibCode
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Acknowledgements:
Christine Ducourant, christine.ducourant(at)u-bordeaux.fr
References:
Krone-Martins et al., Paper I 2018A&A...616L..11K 2018A&A...616L..11K
Ducourant et al., Paper II 2018A&A...618A..56D 2018A&A...618A..56D
Delchambre et al., Paper III 2019A&A...622A.165D 2019A&A...622A.165D, Cat. J/A+A/622/A165
Wertz et al., Paper IV 2019A&A...628A..17W 2019A&A...628A..17W
Krone-Martins et al., Paper V 2019arXiv191208977K 2019arXiv191208977K
Stern et al., Paper VI 2021ApJ...921...42S 2021ApJ...921...42S, Cat. J/ApJ/921/42
Connor et al., Paper VII 2022ApJ...927...45C 2022ApJ...927...45C
Dobie et al., Paper VIII 2024MNRAS.528.5880D 2024MNRAS.528.5880D
Petit et al.,, Paper IX 2025A&A...696A..51P 2025A&A...696A..51P
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 20-Feb-2026