J/A+A/708/A104 DAWN survey pre-launch Euclid catalogue (Euclid Coll., 2026)
Euclid preparation. LXXXVI. Cosmic Dawn Survey Evolution of the galaxy stellar
mass function across 0.2<z≤6.5 measured over 10 square degrees.
Euclid Coll., Zalesky L., Weaver J.R., McPartland C.J.R., Murphree G.,
Valdes I., Jespersen C.K., Taamoli S., Chartab N., Allen N., Barrow S.W.J.,
Sanders D.B., Toft S., Mobasher B., Szapudi I., Altieri B., Amara A.,
Andreon S., Auricchio N., Baccigalupi C., Baldi M., Bardelli S.,
Battaglia P., Biviano A., Bonino D., Branchini E., Brescia M.,
Brinchmann J., Caillat A., Camera S., Canas-Herrera G., Capobianco V.,
Carbone C., Carretero J., Casas S., Castander F.J., Castellano M.,
Castignani G., Cavuoti S., Chambers K.C., Cimatti A., Colodro-Conde C.,
Congedo G., Conselice C.J., Conversi L., Copin Y., Courbin F.,
Courtois H.M., Da Silva A., Degaudenzi H., De Lucia G., Di Giorgio A.M.,
Dole H., Dubath F., Duncan C.A.J., Dupac X., Dusini S., Ealet A.,
Escoffier S., Farina M., Farinelli R., Farrens S., Faustini F.,
Ferriol S., Finelli F., Fosalba P., Fotopoulou S., Frailis M.,
Franceschi E., Fumana M., George K., Gillis B., Giocoli C.,
Gracia-Carpio J., Grazian A., Grupp F., Gwyn S., Haugan S.V.H., Holmes W.,
Hook I., Hormuth F., Hornstrup A., Jahnke K., Jhabvala M., Joachimi B.,
Keihanen E., Kermiche S., Kiessling A., Kubik B., Kuijken K., Kummel M.,
Kunz M., Kurki-Suonio H., Le Brun A.M.C., Le Mignant D., Ligori S.,
Lilje P.B., Lindholm V., Lloro I., Mainetti G., Maino D., Maiorano E.,
Mansutti O., Marggraf O., Markovic K., Martinelli M., Martinet N.,
Marulli F., Massey R., Maurogordato S., McCracken H.J., Medinaceli E.,
Mei S., Mellier Y., Meneghetti M., Merlin E., Meylan G., Mora A.,
Moresco M., Moscardini L., Nakajima R., Neissner C., Niemi S.-M.,
Nightingale J.W., Padilla C., Paltani S., Pasian F., Pedersen K.,
Pettorino V., Polenta G., Poncet M., Popa L.A., Pozzetti L., Raison F.,
Rebolo R., Renzi A., Rhodes J., Riccio G., Romelli E., Roncarelli M.,
Saglia R., Sakr Z., Sapone D., Sartoris B., Schewtschenko J.A.,
Schirmer M., Schneider P., Schrabback T., Secroun A., Sefusatti E.,
Seidel G., Serrano S., Simon P., Sirignano C., Sirri G., Stanco L.,
Starck J.-L., Steinwagner J., Tallada-Crespi P., Tavagnacco D.,
Taylor A.N., Teplitz H.I., Tereno I., Toledo-Moreo R., Torradeflot F.,
Tsyganov A., Tutusaus I., Valenziano L., Valiviita J., Vassallo T.,
Verdoes Kleijn G., Veropalumbo A., Wang Y., Weller J., Zacchei A.,
Zamorani G., Zucca E., Bolzonella M., Bozzo E., Burigana C., Calabrese M.,
Di Ferdinando D., Escartin Vigo J.A., Gabarra L., Matthew S., Mauri N.,
Pezzotta A., Pontinen M., Porciani C., Scottez V., Tenti M., Viel M.,
Wiesmann M., Akrami Y., Allevato V., Andika I.T., Anselmi S.,
Archidiacono M., Atrio-Barandela F., Ballardini M., Bertacca D.,
Bethermin M., Blanchard A., Blot L., Borgani S., Brown M.L., Bruton S.,
Cabanac R., Calabro A., Camacho Quevedo B., Cappi A., Caro F.,
Carvalho C.S., Castro T., Chary R., Cogato F., Contini T., Cooray A.R.,
Cucciati O., Davini S., De Paolis F., Desprez G., Diaz-Sanchez A.,
Di Domizio S., Diego J.M., Ferrari A.G., Finoguenov A., Ganga K.,
Garcia-Bellido J., Gasparetto T., Gaztanaga E., Giacomini F., Gianotti F.,
Gozaliasl G., Gregorio A., Guidi M., Gutierrez C.M., Hall A.,
Hartley W.G., Hemmati S., Hildebrandt H., Hjorth J., Huertas-Company M.,
Ilbert O., Kajava J.J.E., Kang Y., Kansal V., Karagiannis D.,
Kirkpatrick C.C., Kruk S., Lattanzi M., Le Graet J., Legrand L., Lembo M.,
Leroy G., Lesgourgues J., Liaudat T.I., Loureiro A., Macias-Perez J.,
Maggio G., Magliocchetti M., Mancini C., Mannucci F., Maoli R.,
Martin-Fleitas J., Martins C.J.A.P., Maurin L., Metcalf R.B., Miluzio M.,
Monaco P., Moretti C., Morgante G., Murray C., Naidoo K., Natoli P.,
Navarro-Alsina A., Nesseris S., Paterson K., Patrizii L., Pisani A.,
Potter D., Risso I., Rocci P.-F., Sahlen M., Sarpa E., Schaye J.,
Schneider A., Schultheis M., Sciotti D., Sellentin E., Sereno M.,
Shankar F., Smith L.C., Stanford S.A., Tanidis K., Tao C., Testera G.,
Teyssier R., Tosi S., Troja A., Tucci M., Valieri C., Venhola A.,
Vergani D., Verza G., Vielzeuf P., Walton N.A.
<Astron. Astrophys. 708, A104 (2026)>
=2026A&A...708A.104E 2026A&A...708A.104E (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies ; Galaxy catalogs ; Surveys ; Redshifts ; Photometry ;
Spectroscopy
Keywords: galaxies: abundances - galaxies: evolution - galaxies: high-redshift -
galaxies: luminosity function, mass function - galaxies: statistics
Abstract:
The Cosmic Dawn Survey Pre-Launch (PL) catalogues cover an effective
10.13deg2 area with uniform deep Spitzer/IRAC data (m∼25mag,
5σ), the largest area covered to these depths at infrared
wavelengths. These data are used to gain new insight into the growth
of stellar mass across cosmic history by characterising the evolution
of the galaxy stellar mass function through 0.2<z≤6.5. The total
volume (0.62Gpc3) represents an order of magnitude increase compared
to previous works that have explored z>3 and significantly reduces
cosmic variance, thus yielding strong constraints on the abundance of
galaxies above the characteristic stellar mass (M*) across this ten
billion year time period. The evolution of the galaxy stellar mass
function is generally consistent with results from the literature but
now provide firm estimates of number density where only upper limits
were previously available. Contrasting the galaxy stellar mass
function with the dark matter halo mass function suggests that massive
galaxies (M~>1011M☉) at z>3.5 required integrated
star-formation efficiencies of M/(Mh*fb)~>0.25-0.5, in excess of
the commonlyheld view of 'universal peak efficiency' from studies on
the stellar-to-halo mass relation. Such increased efficiencies imply
an evolving peak in the stellar-to-halo mass relation at z>3.5 which
can be maintained if feedback mechanisms from active galactic nuclei
and stellar processes are ineffective at early times. In addition, a
significant fraction of the most massive quiescent galaxies are
observed to be in place already by z∼2.5-3. The apparent lack in
change of their number density by z∼0.2 is consistent with relatively
little mass growth from mergers. Utilising the unique volume, evidence
for an environmental dependence of the galaxy stellar mass function is
found all the way through z∼3.5 for the first time, though a more
careful characterisation of the density field is ultimately required
for confirmation.
Description:
The data utilised in this analysis are the Cosmic Dawn Survey PL
catalogues. DAWN PL provides multiwavelength photometry from UV to MIR
with derived galaxy properties across EDF-N and EDF-F. Photometric
coverage is primarily provided by the Hawaii Twenty Square Degree
Survey (H20). H20 utilises the MegaCam instrument on CFHT to obtain UV
imaging in the u band and the Hyper Suprime-Cam instrument on the
Subaru telescope to obtain optical imaging in the g, i, z bands. The
DAWN survey PL catalogues were created also utilising archival Subaru
HSC data in EDF-N from HEROES and AKARI along with privately shared
CFHT MegaCam data from the Deep Euclid U-band Survey. MIR coverage
over EDF-N and EDF-F is provided by the DAWN survey Spitzer/IRAC data
where the primary contribution is from the Spitzer Legacy Survey which
obtained deep imaging in two channels, [3.6µm] and [4.5µm] over
the entirety of EDF-N and EDF-F. This work was conducted before the
launch of Euclid, making it a 'pre-launch' SMF. Future work will
extend this study from Euclid-selected samples with greater mass
completeness and higher redshifts (i.e see section data).
From galaxy samples and classifications (i.e. see section
characterisation), redshift bin intervals informations and properties
are computed with Schechter function analysis (i.e. see section galaxy
stellar mass function formalism). These results are presented in
table1.dat, table2.dat, table3.dat table4.dat, table5.dat (i.e
Schechter parameters ranges) for subsamples as star forming,
quiescent. Next, for each redshift bins and each category of 'tot',
'sf', and 'q' (total, star-forming, and quiescent, respectively), we
provide the observed mass function logM* (Schechter function knee) in
tables with the corresponding category and redshift designations.
Finally, the table totsamp.dat gives positions if the 6349474 reliable
sources, the EDF field flag and three booleans columns indicating the
selection objects within each category of 'tot', 'sf', and 'q' used to
compute mass functions in previous tables. The complete fits catalog
are also available for EDF-N and EDF-F in files edff.fits and
edfn.fits (See also the complete description of these files at
https://dawn.calet.org/pl/DAWN_EDFN+F_PL.header).
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
totsamp.dat 70 6349474 Sample selection of reliable objects in the
DAWN PL Catalogue
edfn.fits 2880 1846728 DAWN photometric catalogue with photo-z and
galaxy properties, EDF-N Euclid Deep Field North
edff.fits 2880 353118 DAWN photometric catalogue with photo-z and
gal. properties, EDF-F Euclid Deep Field Fornax
table1.dat 30 11 Redshift bin informations on volumes, stellar
mass limits for Ngal with M*>Mlim
table2.dat 58 4 Schechter parameters ranges derived for the
total mass complete sample
table3.dat 40 11 Double (z≤2) and single (z>2) Schechter
parameters for the total mass complete sample
table4.dat 40 7 Double (z≤2) and single (z>2) Schechter
parameters for star-forming complete subsample
table5.dat 40 7 Double (z≤0.8) and single (z>0.8) Schechter
parameters for quiescent mass complete subsample
qz0205.dat 106 13 Observed mass function for the quiescent sample
in redshift range of 0.2 to 0.5
qz0508.dat 106 12 Observed mass function for the quiescent sample
in redshift range of 0.5 to 0.8
qz0811.dat 106 11 Observed mass function for the quiescent sample
in redshift range of 0.8 to 1.1
qz1115.dat 106 11 Observed mass function for the quiescent sample
in redshift range of 1.1 to 1.5
qz1520.dat 106 8 Observed mass function for the quiescent sample
in redshift range of 1.5 to 2.0
qz2025.dat 106 5 Observed mass function for the quiescent sample
in redshift range of 2.0 to 2.5
qz2530.dat 106 3 Observed mass function for the quiescent sample
in redshift range of 2.5 to 3.0
sfz0205.dat 106 14 Observed mass function for the star-forming
sample in redshift range of 0.2 to 0.5
sfz0508.dat 106 14 Observed mass function for the star-forming
sample in redshift range of 0.5 to 0.8
sfz0811.dat 106 13 Observed mass function for the star-forming
sample in redshift range of 0.8 to 1.1
sfz1115.dat 106 13 Observed mass function for the star-forming
sample in redshift range of 1.1 to 1.5
sfz1520.dat 106 15 Observed mass function for the star-forming
sample in redshift range of 1.5 to 2.0
sfz2025.dat 106 11 Observed mass function for the star-forming
sample in redshift range of 2.0 to 2.5
sfz2530.dat 106 11 Observed mass function for the star-forming
sample in redshift range of 2.5 to 3.0
tz0205.dat 106 14 Observed mass function for the total sample
in redshift range of 0.2 to 0.5
tz0508.dat 106 14 Observed mass function for the total sample
in redshift range of 0.5 to 0.8
tz0811.dat 106 13 Observed mass function for the total sample
in redshift range of 0.8 to 1.1
tz1115.dat 106 13 Observed mass function for the total sample
in redshift range of 1.1 to 1.5
tz1520.dat 106 14 Observed mass function for the total sample
in redshift range of 1.5 to 2.0
tz2025.dat 106 11 Observed mass function for the total sample
in redshift range of 2.0 to 2.5
tz2530.dat 106 11 Observed mass function for the total sample
in redshift range of 2.5 to 3.0
tz3035.dat 106 11 Observed mass function for the total sample
in redshift range of 3.0 to 3.5
tz3545.dat 106 9 Observed mass function for the total sample
in redshift range of 3.5 to 4.5
tz4555.dat 106 10 Observed mass function for the total sample
in redshift range of 4.5 to 5.5
tz5565.dat 106 7 Observed mass function for the total sample
in redshift range of 5.5 to 6.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
J/ApJ/830/51 : FourStar galaxy evolution survey (ZFOURGE) (Straatman+, 2016)
J/ApJ/777/18 : Stellar mass functions of galaxies to z=4 (Muzzin+, 2013)
J/ApJ/735/86 : NEWFIRM MBS: photometric catalogs (Whitaker+, 2011)
J/A+A/695/A229 : DAWN Survey PL (Euclid Coll.+, 2025)
J/A+A/647/A150 : VANDELS ESO public spectroscopic survey. DR4 (Garilli+, 2021)
J/A+A/556/A55 : Multi-color photometry of star-forming galaxies (Ilbert+,2013)
J/ApJS/258/11 : The COSMOS2020 catalog (Weaver+, 2022)
J/ApJS/237/39 : Spitzer survey of UltraVISTA deep Stripes (SMUVS)
(Ashby+, 2018)
J/ApJS/224/24 : The COSMOS2015 catalog (Laigle+, 2016)
J/ApJS/172/70 : zCOSMOS-bright catalog, DR3 (Lilly+, 2007)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
II/388 : Euclid final merged catalog. Q1 data release
(Euclid Coll., 2025)
II/373 : The fourth UltraVISTA data release (DR4) (Moneti+, 2019)
II/261 : GOODS initial results (Giavalisco+, 2004)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: totsamp.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 I7 --- ID Raw identifier source number (ID)
9- 27 F19.15 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000) (ALPHA_J2000)
29- 47 F19.15 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000) (DELTA_J2000)
49- 52 A4 --- flag Field flag for edfn or edff
54- 58 A5 --- tot Category boolean for the total sample
60- 64 A5 --- sf Category boolean for the star-forming sample
66- 70 A5 --- q Category boolean for the quiescent sample
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- zbin Redshift bin (redshift_bin)
12- 17 F6.2 10+6Mpc3 V Total comoving volume (volume)
19- 23 F5.2 [Msun] log(Mlim) Stellar mass limit for the total sample
(mlim)
25- 30 I6 --- Ngal Number of galaxies with stellar masses
above the stellar mass limit (ngal)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- zbin Redshift bin (redshift_bin)
12- 16 F5.2 --- amin Minimum allowed value of alpha (alpha_min)
18- 22 F5.2 --- amax Maximum allowed value of alpha (alpha_max)
24- 58 A35 --- Ref Literature reference (literature) (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Literature reference as follows:
Davidzon2017 = Davidzon et al. 2017A&A...605A..70D 2017A&A...605A..70D
Weaver2023 = Weaver et al. 2023A&A...677A.184W 2023A&A...677A.184W
Grazian2015 = Grazian et al. 2015A&A...575A..96G 2015A&A...575A..96G
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat table4.dat table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- zbin Redshift bin from MCMC fit (redshift_bin)
12- 16 F5.2 Msun logM* Schechter function knee (log10_mstar)
18- 22 F5.2 --- a1 ? First slope (alpha1)
24- 28 F5.2 [Mpc-3] logphi1 ? First normalization (log10_phi1)
30- 34 F5.2 --- a2 ? Second slope (alpha2)
36- 40 F5.2 [Mpc-3] logphi2 ? Second normalization (log10_phi2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: qz* sf* tz*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 18 F18.15 --- zbc Redshift bin center (bin_center)
20- 39 F20.18 --- zbw Redshift bin width (bin_width)
41- 59 F19.16 [-] logphi ? Mass function for the total 'tot',
star-forming 'sf', and quiescent 'q' (log_phi)
61- 85 F25.18 [-] e_logphi ? Lower uncertainty of logphi (logphilo)
87-106 F20.18 [-] E_logphi ? Upper uncertainty of logphi (logphihi)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Lukas Zalesky, zalesky(at)hawaii.edu
(End) Lukas Zalesky [Univ. Hawaii], Luc Trabelsi [CDS] 20-Jan-2026