J/A+A/711/A67 Stellar rotation in open clusters (Pancino+, 2026)
Stellar rotation and binaries in open clusters with Gaia Data Release 3.
Pancino E., Reggiani E., Marinoni S., Marrese P.M., Alvarez Garay D.,
Avdeeva A., Echeveste M., Leitinger E., Nedhath S., Rani S., Sanna N.,
Saracino S., Steinbauer L., Turchi A., Jadhav V.V., Kamann S., Rainer M.
<Astron. Astrophys. 711, A67 (2026)>
=2026A&A...711A..67P 2026A&A...711A..67P (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, open; Rotational velocities; Binaries, orbits ; Optical
Keywords: surveys - binaries: general - stars: rotation -
stars: variables: general - open clusters and associations: general
Abstract:
Stellar rotation is a fundamental ingredient in shaping the evolution
of stars and it can also be used to trace past stellar interactions.
Yet, systematic studies of stellar rotation in large samples of stars
belonging to different populations have only recently been made
possible, thanks to spectroscopic surveys. We profit from the
catalogue of rotational broadening and rotation periods released with
Gaia DR3. We focus on open clusters to study the rotational behaviour
of several interesting populations including, among others, blue
stragglers and extended main sequence turnoffs (eMSTO). We use
literature lists of almost a million member stars in several thousand
open clusters in the Milky Way. We collect properties of stars and
clusters from large surveys, including Gaia, and from various
literature sources. We include a comprehensive collection of known
variables and binary stars from various databases. We manually select
(exotic) stellar populations from the color-magnitude diagrams of
individual clusters and study their rotational properties. Our
catalogue contains more than 44000 rotationally characterised stars,
almost 57000 variables (excluding binaries) and more than 22000
binary stars. We find several interesting results, including a few
hundred new blue stragglers, several fast rotating red giants, and we
increase the number of clusters with an eMSTO to 96. We discover that
most clusters more massive than 103M☉ display an eMSTO. We
present a new parametrization of the number of blue stragglers as a
function of cluster mass and age. We find that the percentage of
binary stars in the equal-mass binary sequence and in the main
sequence are similar. Conclusions: We present the first large-scale
statistical exploration of stellar rotation in open clusters, which
already yielded new interesting results and which can be used as the
basis for several detailed follow-up studies.
Description:
Cluster and member stars catalogs, containing all the relevant
information used to carry out the analysis and to put the data in
context. in particular, the cluster table contains the main open
cluster properties as derived from the literature, with sources, and
from our own analysis. The member stars tables contain relevant
information derived from the Gaia DR3 catalog, from the literature,
and from our own analysis. When relevant, all quantities are
accompanied by their uncertainties. We also add two tables, one on the
known variable stars from the literature and another with the known
binary stars. These report some of the information from the original
papers from which the data was obtained. In case of redundant or
conflicting information from the literature, we report acritically all
sources.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 923 5698 Clusters with their global properties
table2.dat 651 720582 Member stars with their properties
tabled1.dat 421 76776 Known variable stars with some properties
tabled2.dat 655 4435 Known binary stars with some properties
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See also:
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/A+A/633/A99 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the Milky Way. II
(Cantat-Gaudin+, 2020)
J/A+A/673/A114 : Improving the open cluster census. II. (Hunt+, 2023)
J/AJ/167/12 : Open cluster parameters with ANN (Cavallo+, 2024)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 22 A22 --- Cluster Adopted cluster name
24-278 A255 --- altName Other cluster names
280-299 F20.16 deg RAdeg Central Right Ascension (J2000)
301-320 F20.16 deg DEdeg Central Declination (J2000)
322-343 F22.18 mas/yr pmRA Mean proper motion in RA
345-363 F19.16 mas/yr e_pmRA Uncertainty on pmRA
365-385 F21.17 mas/yr pmDE Mean proper motion in DE
387-405 F19.16 mas/yr e_pmDE Uncertainty on pmDE
407-425 F19.16 mas plx Mean parallax
427-445 F19.17 mas e_plx Uncertainty on mean parallax
447-468 F22.15 pc X X in Galactic cartesian coordinates
470-492 F23.16 pc Y Y in Galactic cartesian coordinates
494-515 F22.16 pc Z Z in Galactic cartesian coordinates
517-535 F19.13 pc Distpc Distance from the cluster
537-558 F22.17 pc e_Distpc Uncertainty on distance
560-576 F17.11 pc Rgcpc Galactocentric distance
578-594 F17.12 pc e_Rgcpc Uncertainty on galactocentric distance
596-614 F19.17 deg rhdeg Radius enclosing half members
616-633 F18.15 pc rjpc ? Jacobi radius
635-638 I4 --- Nstar Number of cluster members
640-653 A14 --- r_Astro Literature source of astrometry
655-675 F21.16 km/s RV ? Mean RV for the cluster
677-697 F21.17 km/s e_RV ? Uncertainty on RV
699-702 I4 --- n_RV ? Stars used for RV
704-724 A21 --- r_RV Literature source for RV
726-746 E21.18 [-] [Fe/H] ? Mean iron metallicity of the cluster
748-765 F18.16 [-] e_[Fe/H] ? Uncertainty on [Fe/H]
767-769 I3 --- n_[Fe/H] ? Stars used for [Fe/H]
771-782 A12 --- r_[Fe/H] Literature source for [Fe/H]
784-800 F17.14 [yr] logAge Logarithmic age of the cluster in yrs
802-819 F18.16 [yr] e_logAge ? Uncertainty on logAge
821-840 A20 --- r_logAge Literature source of logAge
842-859 F18.16 mag AV ? Absorption in the V band
861-879 F19.16 mag e_AV ? Uncertainty in Av
881-899 F19.13 Msun Mass ? Cluster mass
901-921 F21.15 Msun e_Mass ? Uncertainty on cluster mass
923 I1 --- HasRot ? 1 if at least one star has rotation info
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- GaiaDR3 Gaia DR3 source id
21- 42 A22 --- Cluster Adopted cluster name
44- 65 F22.18 deg RAdeg Gaia DR3 right ascension
(ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
67- 87 E21.18 deg DEdeg Gaia DR3 declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
89-109 E21.18 mas/yr pmRA Gaia DR3 proper motion in RA
111-122 F12.10 mas/yr e_pmRA Uncertainty on pmRA
124-144 E21.18 mas/yr pmDE Gaia DR3 proper motion in Dec
146-157 F12.10 mas/yr e_pmDE Uncertainty on pmDec
159-179 E21.18 mas plx Gaia DR3 parallax
181-192 F12.10 mas e_plx Uncertainty on parallax
194-204 F11.8 --- ruwe Gaia DR3 RUWE
206-215 F10.7 mag Gmag Gaia DR3 G magnitude
217-226 F10.7 mag BPmag Gaia DR3 BP magnitude
228-237 F10.7 mag RPmag Gaia DR3 RP magnitude
239-244 E6.4 mag E(BP/RP) ? Reddening from Gaia DR3
246-251 E6.4 mag AG ? Absorption from Gaia DR3
253-268 A16 --- r_RV Literature source of RV
270-290 F21.16 km/s RV ? Radial velocity
292-308 F17.14 km/s e_RV ? Uncertainty on RV
310-316 A7 --- memRV RV membership (y/n/maybe/NA)
318-328 F11.7 km/s vbroad ? Rotational broadening RVS
330-341 F12.8 km/s e_vbroad ? Uncertainty on vbroad
343-356 F14.10 km/s vsini ? Rotational broadening ESP-HS
358-370 F13.8 km/s e_vsini ? Uncertainty on vsini
372-389 F18.15 d PerRot ? Rotation period
391-404 E14.12 d e_PerRot ? Uncertainty on rotation period
406-417 F12.10 mag AIG ? Photospheric activity
419-431 F13.11 mag e_AIG ? Uncertainty on photospheric activity
433-448 A16 --- r_Teff Literature source of Teff
450-466 F17.11 K Teff ? Effective temperature
468-485 F18.13 K e_Teff ? Uncertainty on Teff
487-502 A16 --- r_logg Literature source of logg
504-522 F19.16 [cm/s2] logg ? Surface gravity
524-542 E19.17 [cm/s2] e_logg ? Uncertainty on logg
544-559 A16 --- r_[Fe/H] Literature source of FeH
561-581 E21.18 [-] [Fe/H] ? Iron metallicity [Fe/H]
583-602 E20.18 [-] e_[Fe/H] ? Uncertainty on [Fe/H]
604-615 F12.8 Rsun Rad-Flame ? Stellar radius
617-626 F10.8 Msun Mass-Flame ? Stellar mass
628-633 A6 --- FlagVar Variability flag
635-640 A6 --- FlagBin Binarity flag
642-651 A10 --- StarSample Stellar sample
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tabled1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- GaiaDR3 Gaia DR3 source ID
21- 40 F20.16 d PerGaia ? Gaia DR3 period
42- 53 F12.10 mag AmpGaia ? Gaia DR3 amplitude
55- 57 I3 --- NepGaia ? Gaia DR3 number of epochs
59- 67 A9 --- TypeGaia Gaia DR3 type
69- 96 A28 --- ClassGaia Gaia DR3 class
98-110 F13.11 --- ScoreGaia ? Gaia DR3 score
111-132 F22.16 d PerGav ? Gavras et al. (2023A&A...674A..22G 2023A&A...674A..22G,
Cat. J/A+A/674/A22) period
134-147 A14 --- TypeGav Gavras et al. (2023A&A...674A..22G 2023A&A...674A..22G,
Cat. J/A+A/674/A22) superclass
149-200 A52 --- rGav Gavras et al. (2023A&A...674A..22G 2023A&A...674A..22G,
Cat. J/A+A/674/A22) source
202-225 A24 --- ZTF ZTF identifier
227-237 F11.7 d PerZTF ? ZTF period
239-243 F5.3 mag AmpZTF ? ZTF amplitude
245-247 I3 --- NepZTF ? ZTF number of epochs
249-265 A17 --- TypeZTF ZTF classification
267-296 A30 --- ASA ? ASAS-SN identifier
298-308 F11.7 d PerASA ? ASAS-SN period
310-313 F4.2 mag AmpASA ? ASAS-SN amplitude
315-319 F5.3 --- ProbASA ? ASAS-SN probability
321-328 A8 --- TypeASA ASAS-SN classification
330-339 I10 --- TESS ? TESS identifier
341-349 F9.6 d PerTESS ? TESS period
351-355 F5.3 mag AmpTESS ? TESS amplitude
357-360 F4.2 --- ProbTESS ? TESS probability
362-371 A10 --- TypeTESS TESS classification
373-393 A21 --- OGLE OGLE identifier
395-406 F12.8 d PerOGLE ? OGLE period
408-412 F5.3 mag AmpOGLE ? OGLE amplitude
414-421 A8 --- TypeOGLE OGLE classification
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tabled2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- GaiaDR3 Gaia DR3 source ID
21- 40 F20.15 d PerNSS ? Gaia DR3 NSS period
42- 61 E20.18 --- eccNSS ? Gaia DR3 NSS eccentricity
63- 98 A36 --- TypeNSS Gaia DR3 NSS classification
100-123 A24 --- SB9 SB9 identifier
125-135 F11.6 d PerSB9 ? SB9 period
137-142 F6.4 --- eccSB9 ? SB9 eccentricity
144-147 A4 --- TypeSB9 SB9 classification
149-169 A21 --- r_SB9 SB9 literature reference
171-177 I7 --- Kirk ? Kirk et al. (2016AJ....151...68K 2016AJ....151...68K,
Cat. J/AJ/151/68) identifier
179-183 A5 --- TypeKirk Kirk et al. (2016AJ....151...68K 2016AJ....151...68K,
Cat. J/AJ/151/68) classification
185-193 I9 --- Del ? Deleuil et al. (2018A&A...619A..97D 2018A&A...619A..97D,
Cat. J/A+A/619/A97) identifier
195-203 F9.6 d PerDel ? Deleuil et al. (2018A&A...619A..97D 2018A&A...619A..97D,
Cat. J/A+A/619/A97) period
205-219 A15 --- TypeDel Deleuil et al. (2018A&A...619A..97D 2018A&A...619A..97D,
Cat. J/A+A/619/A97) classification
221-240 A20 --- ElB El Badry et al. (2018MNRAS.476..528E 2018MNRAS.476..528E)
identifier
242-246 A5 --- TypeElB El Badry et al. (2018MNRAS.476..528E 2018MNRAS.476..528E)
classification
248-270 A23 --- Bir Birko et al. (2019AJ....158..155B 2019AJ....158..155B,
Cat. J/AJ/158/155) identifier
272-276 A5 --- TypeBir Birko et al. (2019AJ....158..155B 2019AJ....158..155B,
Cat. J/AJ/158/155) classification
278-298 A21 --- Qia Qian et al. (2019RAA....19...64Q 2019RAA....19...64Q,
Cat. J/other/RAA/19.64) identifier
300-304 A5 --- TypeQia Qian et al. ((2019RAA....19...64Q 2019RAA....19...64Q,
Cat. J/other/RAA/19.64) classification
306-325 A20 --- Maz Mazzola et al. (2020MNRAS.499.1607M 2020MNRAS.499.1607M)
identifier
327-331 A5 --- TypeMaz Mazzola et al. (2020MNRAS.499.1607M 2020MNRAS.499.1607M)
classification
333-352 A20 --- Pri Price-Whelan et al. (2020ApJ...895....2P 2020ApJ...895....2P)
identifier
354-355 I2 --- NepPri ? Price-Whelan et al. (2020ApJ...895....2P 2020ApJ...895....2P)
number of epochs
357-376 F20.14 d PerPri ? Price-Whelan et al. (2020ApJ...895....2P 2020ApJ...895....2P)
period
378-397 E20.18 --- eccPri ? Price-Whelan et al. (2020ApJ...895....2P 2020ApJ...895....2P)
eccentricity
399-403 A5 --- TypePri Price-Whelan et al. (2020ApJ...895....2P 2020ApJ...895....2P)
classification
405-440 A36 --- Tia Tian et al. (2020ApJS..249...22T 2020ApJS..249...22T,
Cat. J/ApJS/249/22) identifier
442-446 F5.3 --- ProbTia ? Tian et al. (2020ApJS..249...22T 2020ApJS..249...22T,
Cat. J/ApJS/249/22) probability
448-452 A5 --- TypeTia Tian et al. (2020ApJS..249...22T 2020ApJS..249...22T,
Cat. J/ApJS/249/22) classification
454-468 I15 --- Tra ? Traven et al. (2020A&A...638A.145T 2020A&A...638A.145T,
Cat. J//A+A/638/A145) identifier
470-474 A5 --- TypeTra Traven et al. (2020A&A...638A.145T 2020A&A...638A.145T,
Cat. J//A+A/638/A145) classification
476-495 A20 --- Kou Kounkel et al. (2021AJ....162..184K 2021AJ....162..184K,
Cat. J/AJ/162/184) identifier
497-498 I2 --- NepKou ? Kounkel et al. (2021AJ....162..184K 2021AJ....162..184K,
Cat. J/AJ/162/184) number of epochs
500-509 F10.6 d PerKou ? Kounkel et al. (2021AJ....162..184K 2021AJ....162..184K,
Cat. J/AJ/162/184) period
511-516 F6.4 --- eccKou ? Kounkel et al. (2021AJ....162..184K 2021AJ....162..184K,
Cat. J/AJ/162/184) eccentricity
518-522 A5 --- TypeEcc Kounkel et al. (2021AJ....162..184K 2021AJ....162..184K,
Cat. J/AJ/162/184) classification
524-541 A18 --- Mer Merle et al. (2017A&A...608A..95M 2017A&A...608A..95M,
Cat. J/A+A/608/A95, 2020A&A...635A.155M 2020A&A...635A.155M,
Cat. J/A+A/635/A155) identifier
543-548 A6 --- TypeMer Merle et al. (2017A&A...608A..95M 2017A&A...608A..95M,
Cat. J/A+A/608/A95, 2020A&A...635A.155M 2020A&A...635A.155M,
Cat. J/A+A/635/A155) classification
550-570 A21 --- Kov Kovalev et al. (2024MNRAS.527..521K 2024MNRAS.527..521K,
Cat. J/MNRAS/527/521) identifier
572-581 F10.6 d PerKov ? Kovalev et al. (2024MNRAS.527..521K 2024MNRAS.527..521K,
Cat. J/MNRAS/527/521) period
583-586 F4.2 --- eccKov ? Kovalev et al. (2024MNRAS.527..521K 2024MNRAS.527..521K,
Cat. J/MNRAS/527/521) eccentricity
588-592 A5 --- TypeKov Kovalev et al. (2024MNRAS.527..521K 2024MNRAS.527..521K,
Cat. J/MNRAS/527/521) classification
594-608 A15 --- Gro Grondin et al. (2024ApJ...976..102G 2024ApJ...976..102G)
identifier
610-616 A7 --- TypeGro Grondin et al. (2024ApJ...976..102G 2024ApJ...976..102G)
classification
618-641 A24 --- Jac Jackim et al. (2024arXiv240407388J 2024arXiv240407388J)
identifier
643-655 A13 --- TypeJac Jackim et al. (2024arXiv240407388J 2024arXiv240407388J)
classification
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Acknowledgements:
Elena Pancino, elena.pancino(at)inaf.it
References:
Andrae et al. 2023ApJS..267....8A 2023ApJS..267....8A
Cantat-Gaudin et al., 2020A&A...633A..99C 2020A&A...633A..99C, Cat. J/A+A/633/A99
Cavallo et al., 2024AJ....167...12C 2024AJ....167...12C, Cat. J/AJ/167/12
Hunt & Reffert et al., 2023A&A...673A.114H 2023A&A...673A.114H, Cat. J/A+A/673/A114
License: CC-BY-4.0
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 07-May-2026