J/A+AS/129/363 IRAS flux densities of S stars (Jorissen+, 1998)
Circumstellar shells and mass loss rates: Clues to the evolution of S stars.
Jorissen A., Knapp G.R.
<Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 129, 363 (1998)>
=1998A&AS..129..363J 1998A&AS..129..363J
ADC_Keywords: Stars, S ; Mass loss ; Masers ; Photometry, infrared
Keywords: stars: mass-loss - stars: AGB - stars: late-type - infrared: stars -
radio lines: stars
Abstract:
It is the purpose of this paper to rediscuss the circumstellar
properties of S stars and to put these properties in perspective with
our current understanding of the evolutionary status of S stars, in
particular the intrinsic/extrinsic dichotomy. This dichotomy states
that only Tc-rich ("intrinsic") S stars are genuine thermally-pulsing
asymptotic giant branch stars, possibly involved in the M-S-C
evolutionary sequence. Tc-poor S stars are referred to as "extrinsic"
S stars, because they are the cooler analogs of barium stars, and like
them, owe their chemical peculiarities to mass transfer across their
binary system. Accordingly, an extensive data set probing the
circumstellar environment of S stars (IRAS flux densities, maser
emission, CO rotational lines) has been collected and critically
evaluated. This data set combines new observations (9 stars have been
observed in the CO J=2-1 line and 3 in the CO J=3-2 line, with four
new detections) with existing material (all CO and maser observations
of S stars published in the literature). The IRAS flux densities of S
stars have been re-evaluated by co-adding the individual scans, in
order to better handle the intrinsic variability of these stars in the
IRAS bands, and possible contamination by Galactic cirrus.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 122 141 IRAS co-added flux densities for S stars,
grouped according to their location in the
(k-[12],[25]-[60]) diagram.
table2.dat 86 30 S stars whose circumstellar envelopes are
resolved at 60µm, listed according to the
region to which they belong in the
(K-[12], [25]-[60]) diagram (see Fig. 3).
table3.dat 101 55 Masers in S stars
ref3.dat 85 53 References for table3.dat
table4.dat 88 12 S stars observed in CO at the Caltech
Submillimeter Observatory
table6.dat 120 139 A compilation of CO data for S stars and mass loss
rates fitting these data
tablea1.dat 52 17 IRAS flux densities for χ Cyg
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See also:
II/125 : IRAS catalogue of Point Sources, Version 2.0 (IPAC 1986)
III/168 : General Catalog of S Stars, second edition (Stephenson 1984)
III/156 : Cool Galactic Carbon Stars, 2nd Edition (Stephenson 1989)
III/197 : IRAS Low Resolution Spectra (IRAS team, 1987)
VII/73 : IRAS Small Scale Structure Catalog, Ver 1.00 (Helou+ 1985)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1 A1 --- Reg [ABCDE] Region of the HR diagram (1)
3 A1 --- n_CSS [C] C: following CSS number is the star number
from the General Catalogue of Carbon Stars
(Stephenson, 1989, Cat. III/156)
4- 7 I4 --- CSS ? CSS (Cat. III/168) number
9- 18 A10 --- IRAS IRAS designation
20- 25 F6.1 Jy F2.2 ? Flux density at 2.2µm
27 I1 --- r_F2.2 [1/9]? Reference for F2.2 (2)
29- 35 F7.2 Jy F12 ? IRAS Flux density at 12µm
36 A1 --- n_F12 [e] Note on F12 (3)
38- 43 F6.2 Jy F25 ? IRAS Flux density at 25µm
45- 50 F6.2 Jy F60 ? IRAS Flux density at 60µm
51- 52 A2 --- n_F60 [abcdf +] Note on F60 (3)
54- 58 F5.2 Jy F100 ? IRAS Flux density at 100µm
59 A1 --- n_F100 [b+] Note on F100 (3)
61- 63 A3 --- Tc [yes/no ] Presence of Tc
65- 66 I2 --- LRS ? IRAS low-resolution spectrum classification
(Olnon et al., 1986, Cat. III/197)
68 A1 --- VC Volk & Cohen (1989AJ.....98..931V 1989AJ.....98..931V) classification
70- 80 A11 --- SpT CSS (Cat. III/168) optical spectral type
82- 84 A3 --- Var Variability type
86- 89 I4 d Per ? Period
91- 93 F3.1 mag Vamp ? Range of variation of the magnitude
95-111 A17 --- Names Other names and maser type (SiO or OH)
113-114 A2 --- --- [JD]
116-122 I7 d JD ? Julian date (when several observations)
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Note (1): Regions as follows:
A = Stellar photospheres
B = Small Zr0 index and no [25]-[60] excess
C = [12] [25] and [25]-[60] excesses, silicate emission common
D = No silicate emission, weak W-[12] excess, some [25]-[60] excess
E = Strong [25]-[60] excess, many resolved shells
Note (2): References as follows:
1 = Catchpole et al., 1979SAAOC...1...61C 1979SAAOC...1...61C
2 = Neugebauer & Leighton, 1969, Two-Nicron Sky Survey, Cat. II/2
3 = Mendoza & Johnson, 1965ApJ...141..161M 1965ApJ...141..161M
4 = Price, 1968AJ.....73..431P 1968AJ.....73..431P
5 = Chen et al., 1993ApJ...416..769C 1993ApJ...416..769C
6 = Noguchi et al., 1991PASJ...43..311N 1991PASJ...43..311N
7 = Guglielmo et al., 1993, Cat. J/A+AS/99/31
8 = Epchtein et al., 1990A&A...227...82E 1990A&A...227...82E
9 = Epchtein et al., 1987A&AS...71...39E 1987A&AS...71...39E
Note (3): Note as follows:
a = close weak source
b = profile badly distorted by close source
c = close weak source apparent on some scans
d = moves to Region B after removing the extended shell contribution
e = detector possibly saturated
f = strong cirrus contamination
+ = the "zero-crossing" flux density Fz has been adopted instead of
the template flux density Ft,indicating a possibly resolved
shell (see Sect. 2.2).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1 A1 --- Reg [BCDE] Region of the HR diagram (G1)
3- 12 A10 --- IRAS IRAS designation
14- 23 A10 --- Name Other name
25- 27 A3 --- Var Variability type
29- 33 F5.1 Jy F60 ? Flux density at 60µm
35- 39 F5.3 --- Fz/Fp ? zero-crossing to peak flux densities ratio
41- 44 F4.2 arcmin W25 ? Full width at the 25% level
46- 49 F4.2 arcmin W50 ? Full width at the 50% level
51- 54 F4.1 --- QF ? Observed flux density excess quality factor
(QF>5 for a detection at 5σ level)
56 A1 --- l_dM/dt Limit flag on dM/dt
57- 62 E6.1 solMass/yr dM/dt ? Mass loss rate
64- 67 F4.1 km/s Ve ? Wind velocity
69- 72 A4 --- Rem Remark (2)
74- 75 A2 --- Note Notes (3)
77- 78 A2 --- --- [JD]
80- 86 I7 d JD ? Julian date (when several observations)
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Note (2): Remark as follows:
YPK+ = star found to be extended by Young et al. (1993ApJS...86..517Y 1993ApJS...86..517Y)
YPK- = star not found to be extended by young et al. (1993ApJS...86..517Y 1993ApJS...86..517Y)
Note (3): Notes as follows:
b = 100µm profile wider than point-source template
c = listed as extended at 60µm in the IRAS Small Scale Structure
Catalogue (Cat. VII/73)
d = listed as extended at 100µm in the IRAS Small Scale Structure
Catalogue (Cat. VII/73)
e = two-components wind
f = circumstellar shell resolved in CO (Sahai, 1992A&A...253L..33S 1992A&A...253L..33S;
Stanek et al., 1995ApJS..100..169S 1995ApJS..100..169S)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1 A1 --- Reg [ABCDE] Region of the HR diagram (G1)
3- 12 A10 --- Name Other name
14- 23 A10 --- IRAS IRAS designation
25 A1 --- SiO [YN] Presence of SiO maser
27 A1 --- H2O [YN] Presence of H2O maser
29 A1 --- OH [YN] Presence of OH maser
30 A1 --- u_OH [?] Uncertainty flag on OH
32-101 A70 --- Ref References in ref3.dat file
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: ref3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 A4 --- Ref Ref number
6- 24 A19 --- BibCode BibCode
26- 49 A24 --- Aut Author names
51- 64 A14 --- Maser Maser studied in the reference
66- 85 A20 --- Com Comment
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- CSS CSS (Cat. III/168) number (1)
5- 12 A8 --- Name Other name
14- 15 I2 h RAh Right ascension (1950)
17- 18 I2 min RAm Right ascension (1950)
20- 23 F4.1 s RAs Right ascension (1950)
25 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (1950)
26- 27 I2 deg DEd Declination (1950)
29- 30 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (1950)
32- 33 I2 arcsec DEs Declination (1950)
35- 39 F5.1 deg GLON Galactic longitude
41- 46 F6.2 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
48- 55 A8 --- SpT Spectral type from GCGSS
57- 60 A4 --- Var Variability type from the GCVS
62- 64 I3 d Per ? Period from the GCVS
65 A1 --- u_Per Uncertainty flag on Per
67- 69 I3 km/s Vel1 ? Optical velocity range (lower value)
71- 73 I3 km/s Vel2 ? Optical velocity range (upper value)
74 A1 --- r_Vel1 References for optical velocity range (2)
76- 77 I2 mK rms Channel-to-channel rms noise in the 500MHz AOS
79- 88 A10 --- IRAS IRAS name (column added at CDS)
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Note (1): All stars observed in the CO(2-1) line except GP Ori, NQ Pup and
UY Cen, which were observed in the CO(3-2) line.
Note (2): References as follows:
a = Brown et al., 1990AJ.....99.1930B 1990AJ.....99.1930B
b = Udry et al. (1998A&AS..131...25U 1998A&AS..131...25U) and
Jorissen et al. (1998A&A...332..877J 1998A&A...332..877J)
c = Wilson, 1953, Cat. III/21
d = Hoffleit, 1982, Cat. V/50
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Table 5: CO(2-1) data for the four S stars detected by the CSO observations
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CSS Name ICO(2-1) T(peak) Vc Ve
K.km/s K km/s km/s
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
212 FU Mon 0.63±0.05 0.15±0.02 -41.7±0.2 2.8±0.3
283 R Lyn 0.89±0.19 0.08±0.02 +15.7±1.4 9.3±1.7
589 RS Cnc 13.3 ±0.9 0.78 +7.7 7.4
1.17 +6.8 2.6
704 Z Ant 0.73±0.09 0.07±0.02 -15.6±1.0 7.4±1.3
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Note: Vc: central velocity
Ve: half-width of the line at zero power
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1 A1 --- Reg [ABCDE] Region of the HR diagram (G1)
3 A1 --- n_IRAS Note (2)
4- 13 A10 --- IRAS IRAS designation
15- 24 A10 --- Name Other name
26- 28 A3 --- Line Line observed
30- 32 I3 arcsec HPBW Telescope half power beamwidth
34- 37 F4.2 K rms ? Channel-to-channel rms noise
39- 43 F5.2 K.km/s ICO ? Integrated CO line brightness
45- 48 F4.2 K TMB ? Peak brightness temperature
50- 54 F5.1 km/s Vc ? Central velocity with respect to the LSR
56- 59 F4.1 km/s Ve ? Wind outflow speed
61- 64 A4 --- Ref Reference for velocity (3)
66- 69 I4 pc Dist ? Distance adopted for the model (4)
71- 74 F4.1 km/s VeM ? Model central velocity (4)
75 A1 --- u_VeM [)] Uncertainty flag on VeM
77 A1 --- l_dM/dT Limit flag on dM/dT
78- 84 E7.1 solMass/yr dM/dT ? Model mass loss rate (4)
86- 92 E7.2 cm Rad ? Model radius in cm (4)
94- 97 F4.1 arcsec Rad2 ? Model radius in arcsec (4)
99-101 A3 --- LineM Model line
103-105 I3 arcsec HPBWM ? Model telescope half power beamwidth (4)
107-112 F6.3 K TMBM ? Model peak brightness temperature (4)
114-120 F7.3 K.km/s ICOM ? Model integrated line brightness (4)
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Note (2): Individual notes:
* 06197+0327, FU Mon = Data from Sahai & Liechti (1995A&A...293..198S 1995A&A...293..198S)
not used - see text.
* 09076+3110, RS CnC = CO(2-1) line profile has two components - see text
* 13440-5306, AM Cen = Values for central velocity Vc and outflow
velocity Ve given by Sahai & Liechti (1995A&A...293..198S 1995A&A...293..198S) are
averages of the values for the CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) lines
* 22196-4612, π1 Gru = Sahai & Liechti, 1995A&A...293..198S 1995A&A...293..198S do not
list values for Vc and Ve because of the line wings.
Note (3): References as follows:
H90 = Heske, 1990A&A...229..494H 1990A&A...229..494H
M90 = Margulis et al., 1990ApJ...361..673M 1990ApJ...361..673M
S92 = Sahai, 1992A&A...253L..33S 1992A&A...253L..33S
N92 = Nyman et al., 1992, Cat. J/A+AS/93/121
N93 = Nyman et al., 1993A&A...269..377N 1993A&A...269..377N
O93 = Omont et al., 1993, Cat. J/A+A/267/515
KJ94 = Kahaue & Jura, 1994A&A...290..183K 1994A&A...290..183K
BL94 = Bieging & Latter, 1994ApJ...422..765B 1994ApJ...422..765B
SL95 = Sahai & Liechti, 1995A&A...293..198S 1995A&A...293..198S
Y95 = Young, 1995ApJ...445..872Y 1995ApJ...445..872Y
S95 = Stanek et al., 1995ApJS..100..169S 1995ApJS..100..169S
K97 = Knapp et al., 1997, in prep.
JK98 = This work
Note (4): Model data assuming T*=2500K, R*=2.5x1313cm, n(CO)/n(H2)=6.5x10-4
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 F9.1 d JD Julian date
11- 14 F4.2 --- phi Phase
16- 21 F6.1 Jy F12 Flux density at 12µm
23- 27 F5.2 arcmin offset Offset between the scan center and the stellar
position
29- 30 I2 --- Det Detector number for the 12µm
32- 36 F5.1 Jy F25 Flux density at 25µm
38- 41 F4.1 Jy F60 Flux density at 60µm
43- 46 F4.2 mag [12]-[25] Colour index [12]-[25]
48- 52 F5.2 mag [25]-[60] Colour index [25]-[60]
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Global Notes:
Note (G1): Regions as follows:
A = S stars with photospheric IR colors ("extrinsic S stars")
B = S stars with no excess at 60µm, and small ZrO indices
C = S stars with excesses in all 12µm, 25µm and 60µm
bands, and large ZrO indices
D = S stars with large ZrO indices and 60µm excesses, but
small 12µm excesses
E = mainly SC stars with large 60µm excesses and often resolved shells
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Table A2: Observed and model IRAS flux densities for Khi Cyg.
The PSC fluxes are also listed.
-------------------------------------------------------------
Observed (averages)
-------------------------------------------------------------
Phase F12 F25 F60 F100
-------------------------------------------------------------
max 1804 568 96 20
min 1223 420 72 14
PSC 1688 459 81 18
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Calculated
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Phase F12 F25 F60 F100
-------------------------------------------------------------
max 1486 576 86 20
min 1108 486 70 17
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History:
* 11-Mar-1999: Prepared via OCR at CDS.
* 28-Nov-2010:
in table3: IRAS names corrected for Z Tau and χ Cyg
in table4: added IRAS name.
in table6, IRAS name 09410-1820 corrected into 09411-1820
(End) James Marcout, Patricia Bauer [CDS] 11-Mar-1999