J/AJ/152/157 Mass models for 175 disk galaxies with SPARC (Lelli+, 2016)
SPARC: mass models for 175 disk galaxies with Spitzer photometry and accurate
rotation curves.
Lelli F., McGaugh S.S., Schombert J.M.
<Astron. J., 152, 157-157 (2016)>
=2016AJ....152..157L 2016AJ....152..157L (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, nearby ; Galaxies, radio ; Morphology ; H I data
Keywords: dark matter - galaxies: dwarf - galaxies: irregular -
galaxies: kinematics and dynamics - galaxies: spiral -
galaxies: structure
Abstract:
We introduce SPARC (Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves):
a sample of 175 nearby galaxies with new surface photometry at
3.6µm and high-quality rotation curves from previous HI/Hα
studies. SPARC spans a broad range of morphologies (S0 to Irr),
luminosities (∼5dex), and surface brightnesses (∼4dex). We derive
[3.6] surface photometry and study structural relations of stellar and
gas disks. We find that both the stellar mass-HI mass relation and the
stellar radius-HI radius relation have significant intrinsic scatter,
while the HI mass-radius relation is extremely tight. We build
detailed mass models and quantify the ratio of baryonic to observed
velocity (Vbar/Vobs) for different characteristic radii and values
of the stellar mass-to-light ratio (Υ*) at [3.6]. Assuming
Υ*≃0.5M☉/L☉ (as suggested by stellar
population models), we find that (i) the gas fraction linearly
correlates with total luminosity; (ii) the transition from
star-dominated to gas-dominated galaxies roughly corresponds to the
transition from spiral galaxies to dwarf irregulars, in line with
density wave theory; and (iii) Vbar/Vobs varies with luminosity
and surface brightness: high-mass, high-surface-brightness galaxies
are nearly maximal, while low-mass, low-surface-brightness galaxies
are submaximal. These basic properties are lost for low values of
Υ* ≃0.2M☉/L☉ as suggested by the DiskMass
survey. The mean maximum-disk limit in bright galaxies is
Υ*≃0.7M☉/L☉ at [3.6]. The SPARC data are
publicly available and represent an ideal test bed for models of
galaxy formation.
Description:
Created by team leaders Federico Lelli and Stacy McGaugh (CWRU
Astronomy) and Jim Schombert (UOregon Physics), SPARC (Spitzer
Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves) is a sample of 175 disk
galaxies covering a broad range of morphologies (S0 to Irr),
luminosities (107 to 1012Lsun), and sizes (0.3 to 15kpc).
We collected more than 200 extended HI rotation curves from previous
compilations, large surveys, and individual studies. This kinematic
data set is the result of ∼30yr of interferometric HI observations
using the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT), Very Large
Array (VLA), Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), and Giant
Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). Subsequently, we searched the
Spitzer archive and found useful [3.6] images for 175 galaxies. Most
of these objects are part of the Spitzer Survey for Stellar Structure
in Galaxies (S4G; Sheth et al. 2010, Cat. J/PASP/122/1397). We also
used [3.6] images from Schombert & McGaugh 2014PASA...31...11S 2014PASA...31...11S for
low-surface-brightness (LSB) galaxies
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 130 175 *Galaxy sample
table2.dat 76 3391 Mass models
refs.dat 91 56 References
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Note on table1.dat: This table lists the main properties of SPARC (Spitzer
Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves) galaxies.
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See also:
J/ApJ/816/42 : Mass models for the Milky Way (McGaugh, 2016)
J/A+A/566/A71 : HI study of 18 nearby dwarf galaxies (Lelli+, 2014)
J/AJ/146/86 : Cosmicflows-2 catalog (Tully+, 2013)
J/ApJ/716/198 : The DiskMass survey. I. (Bershady+, 2010)
J/PASP/122/1397 : Spitzer Survey of Galactic Stellar Structure (Sheth+, 2010)
J/AJ/138/332 : LEDA CMD/tip of the red giant branch (Jacobs+, 2009)
J/A+A/442/137 : HI observations of WHISP disk galaxies (Noordermeer+, 2005)
J/A+A/420/147 : Velocity in 6 spiral galaxies (Blais-Ouellette+, 2004)
J/A+A/390/863 : CCD R Photometry of WHISP Dwarf Galaxies (Swaters, 2002)
J/A+A/385/816 : LSB galaxies rotation curves (de Blok+ 2002)
J/A+A/370/765 : HI synthesis observations in UMa cluster (Verheijen+, 2001)
J/A+AS/115/407 : Short WSRT HI observations of spiral galaxies (Rhee+, 1996)
http://astroweb.cwru.edu/SPARC/ : SPARC database
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Name Galaxy name
13- 14 I2 --- Type [0/11] Numerical Hubble type (1)
16- 21 F6.2 Mpc Dist [0.98/127.8] Assumed distance
23- 27 F5.2 Mpc e_Dist [0.05/12.8] Mean error on Dist
29 I1 --- f_Dist [1/5] Flag giving the distance method (2)
31- 34 F4.1 deg i [15/90] Assumed inclination angle (3)
36- 39 F4.1 deg e_i [1/10] Mean error on i
41- 47 F7.3 GLsun L3.6 [0/490] Total luminosity at 3.6µm (L[3.6])
49- 55 F7.3 GLsun e_L3.6 [0/6.2] Mean error on L3.6
57- 61 F5.2 kpc Reff [0/12.4] Effective radius (Reff) encompassing
half of the total 3.6µm luminosity
63- 70 F8.2 Lsun/pc2 SBeff [5.3/3317.7] Effective 3.6µm surface
brightness (Σeff), i.e., the average
surface brightness within Reff
72- 76 F5.2 kpc Rdisk [0.18/18.8] The 3.6µm scale length of the
stellar disk (Rd)
78- 85 F8.2 Lsun/pc2 SBdisk [12/23813.9] Extrapolated 3.6µm central
surface brightness of the stellar disk
(Σd)
87- 93 F7.3 GMsun MHI [0.01/40.1] Total HI mass (MHI)
95- 99 F5.2 kpc RHI [0/74.3] HI radius (RHI) (4)
101-105 F5.1 km/s Vflat [0/332] Asymptotically velocity along the flat
part of the rotation curve (Vf) (5)
107-111 F5.1 km/s e_Vflat [0/20.7] Mean error on Vflat
113-115 I3 --- Qual [1/3] Rotation-curve quality flag (1=high,
2=medium, or 3=low) (6)
117-130 A14 --- Ref References for HI and Hα data;
in refs.dat file
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Note (1): From de Vaucouleurs et al. (1991rc3..book.....D 1991rc3..book.....D), Schombert et al.
(1992AJ....103.1107S 1992AJ....103.1107S), or NED (http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/) adopting the
scheme defined as follows:
0 = S0;
1 = Sa;
2 = Sab;
3 = Sb;
4 = Sbc;
5 = Sc;
6 = Scd;
7 = Sd;
8 = Sdm;
9 = Sm;
10 = Im;
11 = BCD.
Note (2): SPARC galaxies classification depending on the distance estimate (see
Section 2.2) is defined as follows:
1 = Hubble-Flow assuming H0=73km/s/Mpc and correcting for Virgo-centric
infall;
2 = Magnitude of the tip of the red giant branch;
3 = Cepheids magnitude-period relation;
4 = Ursa Major cluster of galaxies;
5 = Supernovae light curve.
Note (3): Inclination angles are typically derived by fitting a tilted-ring
model to the HI velocity fields (Begeman 1987 PhD thesis Univ. Groningen)
and considering systematic variations with radius (warps): this column
provides the mean value of i in the outer parts of the HI disk. In some
cases, HI velocity fields are not adequate to properly trace the run of i
with radius; hence, the inclination is fixed to the optical value (e.g., de
Blok et al. 1996MNRAS.283...18D 1996MNRAS.283...18D).
Note (4): Where the HI surface density (corrected to face-on) reaches
1M☉/pc.
Note (5): Derived as in Lelli et al. 2016ApJ...816L..14L 2016ApJ...816L..14L.
Note (6): We assign a quality flag to each rotation curve using the scheme
(see Section 3.2) defined as follows:
1 = Galaxy with high-quality HI data or hybrid Hα/HI rotation curve;
2 = Galaxy with minor asymmetries and/or HI data of lower quality;
3 = Galaxy with major asymmetries, strong noncircular motions, and/or
offsets between HI and stellar distributions.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Name Galaxy identifier
13- 18 F6.2 Mpc Dist [0.98/127.8] Assumed distance
20- 25 F6.2 kpc Rad [0.08/108.31] Galactocentric radius
27- 32 F6.2 km/s Vobs [1.4/383] Observed circular velocity (Vobs)
34- 38 F5.2 km/s e_Vobs [0.2/75] Uncertainty in Vobs (1)
40- 45 F6.2 km/s Vgas [-17/87] Gas velocity contribution (Vgas) (2)
47- 52 F6.2 km/s Vdisk [1/372] Disk velocity contribution Vdisk (3)
54- 59 F6.2 km/s Vbulge [0/390] Bulge velocity contribution Vbul (3)
61- 67 F7.2 Lsun/pc2 SBdisk [0/7394] Disk surface brightness Σdisk
69- 76 F8.2 Lsun/pc2 SBbulge [0/50763] Bulge surface brightness Σbul
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Note (1): Random error due to non-circular motions and/or kinematic asymmetries.
It does not include systematic uncertainties due to inclination corrections.
Note (2): Vgas includes a factor 1.33 to account for cosmological helium.
Note (3): Vdisk and Vbul are given for M/L=1M☉/L☉ at [3.6].
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- Ref Reference identifier
6- 29 A24 --- Aut Author's name
31- 49 A19 --- BibCode Bibliographic Code
51- 91 A41 --- Com Additional comments
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS]; Sylvain Guehenneux [CDS] 13-Feb-2017