J/AJ/153/140 The kinematics of the C II λ6578 line in PNe (Richer+, 2017)
The kinematics of the permitted C II λ6578 line in a large sample
of planetary nebulae.
Richer M.G., Suarez G., Lopez J.A., Garcia Diaz M.T.
<Astron. J., 153, 140-140 (2017)>
=2017AJ....153..140R 2017AJ....153..140R (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Planetary nebulae ; Spectroscopy ; Line Profiles ;
Radial velocities
Keywords: cosmological parameters - galaxies: abundances - ISM: abundances -
ISM: kinematics and dynamics
Abstract:
We present spectroscopic observations of the C II λ6578
permitted line for 83 lines of sight in 76 planetary nebulae at high
spectral resolution, most of them obtained with the Manchester Echelle
Spectrograph on the 2.1 m telescope at the Observatorio Astronomico
Nacional on the Sierra San Pedro Martir. We study the kinematics of
the C II λ6578 permitted line with respect to other permitted
and collisionally excited lines. Statistically, we find that the
kinematics of the C II λ6578 line are not those expected if
this line arises from the recombination of C2+ ions or the
fluorescence of C+ ions in ionization equilibrium in a chemically
homogeneous nebular plasma, but instead its kinematics are those
appropriate for a volume more internal than expected. The planetary
nebulae in this sample have well-defined morphology and are restricted
to a limited range in Hα line widths (no large values) compared
to their counterparts in the Milky Way bulge; both these features
could be interpreted as the result of young nebular shells, an
inference that is also supported by nebular modeling. Concerning the
long-standing discrepancy between chemical abundances inferred from
permitted and collisionally excited emission lines in photoionized
nebulae, our results imply that multiple plasma components occur
commonly in planetary nebulae.
Description:
All of our observations are drawn from the San Pedro Martir Kinematic
Catalogue of Planetary Nebulae (henceforth, SPM Catalogue; Lopez et al.
2012RMxAA..48....3L 2012RMxAA..48....3L; http://kincatpn.astrosen.unam.mx/). Most of these
spectra were acquired with the Manchester Echelle Spectrograph (MES:
Meaburn et al. 1984MNRAS.210..463M 1984MNRAS.210..463M, 2003RMxAA..39..185M 2003RMxAA..39..185M) attached to
the 2.1 m telescope at the Observatorio Astronomico Nacional on the
Sierra San Pedro Martir (OAN-SPM). The MES uses interference filters
to isolate the spectral order of interest, order 87 in this case,
covering approximately the wavelength range 6545-6595 Å and containing
the [N II] λλ6548, 6584, He II λ6560 (when
present), Hα, and C II λ6578 emission lines. For most of
the observations, a 150 µm slit was used, resulting in a spectral
resolution of approximately 11 km/s when converted to velocity.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 78 83 Line Widths and Radial Velocities
table2.dat 66 83 Nebular Sizes
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See also:
V/84 : Strasbourg-ESO Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae (Acker+, 1992)
IV/24 : Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae (Kohoutek, 2001)
J/A+AS/132/13 : Planetary nebulae radial velocities (Durand+ 1998)
J/ApJS/157/371 : Recombination lines in planetary nebulae
(Robertson-Tessi+, 2005)
J/MNRAS/368/1959 : Chemical abundances for Hf 2-2 (Liu+, 2006)
http://kincatpn.astrosen.unam.mx : SPM Kinematic Catalogue of Planetary Nebulae
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- Name Planetary nebula name
10 A1 --- Slit [abcdjk] Letter indicating the slit position
from the online SPM Catalogue
(http://kincatpn.astrosen.unam.mx/)
12- 21 A10 --- PNG Planetary nebula PNG name (LLL.l+BB.b)
23- 24 I2 km/s Wobs6548 [22/76]? [N II] λ6548 observed line width
(1)
26- 27 I2 km/s W6548 [17/75]? [N II] λ6548 line width corrected
for broadening (1)
29- 32 I4 km/s RV6548 [-231/215]? [N II] λ6548 radial velocity
(2)
34- 35 I2 km/s Wobs6560 [17/54]? He II λ6560 observed line width
(1)
37- 38 I2 km/s W6560 [4/51]? He II λ6560 line width corrected
for broadening (1)
40- 43 I4 km/s RV6560 [-228/157]? He II λ6560 radial velocity
(2)
45- 46 I2 km/s Wobs6563 [29/58] Hα observed line width (1)
48- 49 I2 km/s W6563 [15/52] Hα line width corrected for
broadening (1)
51- 54 I4 km/s RV6563 [-230/214] Hα radial velocity (2)
56- 57 I2 km/s Wobs6578 [15/65] C II λ6578 observed line width (1)
59- 60 I2 km/s W6578 [8/64] C II λ6578 line width corrected
for broadening (1)
62- 65 I4 km/s RV6578 [-234/210] C II λ6578 radial velocity (2)
67- 68 I2 km/s Wobs6583 [22/76] [N II] λ6583 observed line width
(1)
70- 71 I2 km/s W6583 [18/75] [N II] λ6583 line width corrected
for broadening (1)
73- 76 I4 km/s RV6583 [-232/213] [N II] λ6583 radial velocity
(2)
78 I1 --- NGauss [1/2] Number of Gaussian component(s) used
to measure the line widths
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Note (1): The line widths have uncertainties of ±2-3 km/s (see Figure 2).
Note (2): Radial velocities have lower formal uncertainties, but may suffer from
systematic uncertainties due to wavelength calibration of order
±2 km/s (see Figure 3).
The radial velocities for all lines have been previously corrected to
heliocentric values (Lopez et al. 2012RMxAA..48....3L 2012RMxAA..48....3L).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- Name Planetary nebula name
10 A1 --- Slit [abcdjk] Letter indicating the slit position
from the online SPM Catalogue
(http://kincatpn.astrosen.unam.mx/)
12- 21 A10 --- PNG Planetary nebula PNG name (LLL.l+BB.b)
23- 26 F4.1 arcsec D6560 [2.5/30.3]? Diameter in the
He II λ6560 line (1)
28- 31 F4.1 arcsec D6563 [3.7/54.3] Diameter in the Hα line (1)
33- 36 F4.1 arcsec D6578 [2/42] Diameter in the C II λ6578 line
(1)
38- 41 F4.1 arcsec D6583 [3.9/54.9] Diameter in the
[N II] λ6583 line (1)
43 I1 --- Q [0/1] Quality flag (1)
45- 49 F5.3 arcmin/pix Scale [0.312/0.624] Plate scale
51- 56 F6.4 0.1nm/pix Res [0.0503/0.1021] Spectral resolution
(in Å/pix)
58- 61 F4.1 --- ADF [1.4/70]? O2+ abundance discrepancy factor
from the literature
63- 66 A4 --- r_ADF Reference(s) for ADF (2)
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Note (1): When the S/N is low (the intensity at 10% of maximum was within the
noise), the sizes are rounded to an integer value (in arcseconds).
For these measurements, identified as Q=0, the formal uncertainty in
the measurement is typically about ±1", though, as we shall see,
there are larger systematic uncertainties. Otherwise (Q=1), the
uncertainty in the measurement is typically ±0.5".
Note (2): Reference as follows:
A = Liu et al. (1995MNRAS.272..369L 1995MNRAS.272..369L);
B = Liu et al. (2000MNRAS.312..585L 2000MNRAS.312..585L);
C = Liu et al. (2001MNRAS.327..141L 2001MNRAS.327..141L);
D = Liu et al. (2004MNRAS.353.1251L 2004MNRAS.353.1251L);
E = Sharpee et al. (2004ApJ...615..323S 2004ApJ...615..323S);
F = Tsamis et al. (2004MNRAS.353..953T 2004MNRAS.353..953T);
G = Wesson & Liu (2004MNRAS.351.1026W 2004MNRAS.351.1026W);
H = Robertson-Tessi & Garnett (2005, J/ApJS/157/371);
I = Wesson et al. (2005MNRAS.362..424W 2005MNRAS.362..424W);
J = Liu et al. (2006, J/MNRAS/368/1959);
K = Wang & Liu (2007MNRAS.381..669W 2007MNRAS.381..669W);
L = Otsuka et al. (2011ApJ...729...39O 2011ApJ...729...39O);
M = Garcia-Rojas et al. (2013A&A...558A.122G 2013A&A...558A.122G);
N = Otsuka et al. (2015ApJS..217...22O 2015ApJS..217...22O);
O = Jones et al. (2016MNRAS.455.3263J 2016MNRAS.455.3263J).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Tiphaine Pouvreau [CDS] 02-May-2018