J/AJ/156/254 California-Kepler Survey.VI. Kepler multis & singles (Weiss+, 2018)

The California-Kepler Survey. VI. Kepler multis and singles have similar planet and stellar properties indicating a common origin. Weiss L.M., Isaacson H.T., Marcy G.W., Howard A.W., Petigura E.A., Fulton B.J., Winn J.N., Hirsch L., Sinukoff E., Rowe J.F. <Astron. J., 156, 254 (2018)> =2018AJ....156..254W 2018AJ....156..254W (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets ; Effective temperatures ; Abundances, [Fe/H] ; Rotational velocities ; Stars, masses ; Stars, diameters Keywords: catalogs - planetary systems - planets and satellites: formation - planets and satellites: fundamental parameters - stars: fundamental parameters Abstract: The California-Kepler Survey (CKS) catalog contains precise stellar and planetary properties for the Kepler planet candidates, including systems with multiple detected transiting planets ("multis") and systems with just one detected transiting planet ("singles", although additional planets could exist). We compared the stellar and planetary properties of the multis and singles in a homogeneous subset of the full CKS-Gaia catalog. We found that sub-Neptune-sized singles and multis do not differ in their stellar properties or planet radii. In particular: (1) The distributions of stellar properties M*, [Fe/H], and vsini for the Kepler sub-Neptune-sized singles and multis are statistically indistinguishable. (2) The radius distributions of the sub-Neptune-sized singles and multis with P>3 days are indistinguishable, and both have a valley at ∼1.8 R. However, there are significantly more detected short-period (P<3 days), sub-Neptune-sized singles than multis. The similarity of the host-star properties, planet radii, and radius valley for singles and multis suggests a common origin. The similar radius valley, which is likely sculpted by photo-evaporation from the host star within the first 100 Myr, suggests that planets in both singles and multis spend much of the first 100 Myr near their present, close-in locations. One explanation that is consistent with the similar fundamental properties of singles and multis is that many of the singles are members of multi-planet systems that underwent planet-planet scattering. Description: In this paper (CKS VI), we use the refined stellar and planetary properties presented in CKS VII (Fulton & Petigura. 2018AJ....156..264F 2018AJ....156..264F) to compare a large, homogeneous, high-purity sample of Kepler singles and multis. Where applicable, we also examine how the stellar and planetary properties of the multis differ for system with two, three, and four or more transiting planets. The initial CKS data set consists of 1944 signals that were at one time flagged as transiting planet candidates, orbiting 1222 stars that have Gaia properties reported in DR2 (Cat. I/345). From these, we discarded the signals that are now known to be false positives (as determined on either the NASA Exoplanet Archive or in CKS I, Petigura et al. 2017, J/AJ/154/107), removing 156 non-planetary signals around 104 stars. We then discarded stars that are diluted by at least 5% by a second star in the Kepler aperture, removing 88 planet candidates around 58 stars. We discarded planets for which Mullally et al. (2015, J/ApJS/217/31) measured b>0.9, for which the high impact parameters adversely affected our ability to determine accurate planet radii, removing 137 planet candidates from around 70 stars. We removed planet candidates for which the measured signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is less than 10 since these planets have poorly determined radii and impact parameters, removing 48 planet candidates. We also removed planet candidates with Rp>22.4 R, which are likely eclipsing binaries rather than planets. Of the four planet candidates with Rp>22.4 R, all four were singles, and three orbited giant stars with log(g)<3.9. Systems that were originally multis but had been purified to the extent that only one planet remained were excluded. After these cuts, our sample included 892 high-purity planet candidates in multi-planet systems around 349 stars. File Summary: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FileName Lrecl Records Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ReadMe 80 . This file table2.dat 80 892 High purity CKS-Gaia multis table3.dat 80 802 Bright multis and singles -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See also: I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018) J/ApJS/197/8 : Kepler's candidate multiple transiting planets (Lissauer+, 2011) J/ApJ/784/45 : Kepler's multiple planet candidates. III. (Rowe+, 2014) J/ApJ/790/146 : Planets in Kepler's multi-transiting systems (Fabrycky+, 2014) J/ApJ/813/130 : Kepler multiple transiting planet systems (Wang+, 2015) J/ApJS/217/31 : Kepler planetary candidates. VI. 4yr Q1-Q16 (Mullally+, 2015) J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017) J/AJ/154/108 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). II. Properties (Johnson+, 2017) J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). III. Planet radii (Fulton+, 2017) J/AJ/155/48 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). V. Masses and radii (Weiss+, 2018) J/AJ/155/89 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). IV. Planets (Petigura+, 2018) Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat table3.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 9 A9 --- KOI Kepler Object of Interest identifier (K0NNNN.NN) 11- 15 F5.2 mag Kpmag [8.22/15.96] Kepler apparent magnitude 17- 22 F6.2 ppm CDPP [12.37/384.89] Combined differential photometric precision (1) 24- 30 F7.2 K Teff [4589.65/6556.92] Effective temperature 32- 35 F4.2 [cm/s2] log(g) [3.56/4.63] Log surface gravity 37- 41 F5.2 [Sun] [Fe/H] [-0.47/0.42] Metallicity 43- 47 F5.1 km/s vsin(i) [0/456.7] Projected rotational velocity 49- 52 F4.2 Msun M* [0.7/1.58] Stellar mass 54- 57 F4.2 Rsun R* [0.67/3.17] Stellar radius 59- 65 F7.2 d Per [0.54/1071.23] Planetary period 67- 71 F5.2 Rgeo Rp [0.35/20.12] Planetary radius 73- 78 F6.2 --- S/N [10.25/104.29]? Model signal-to-noise ratio (only in Table 3) (2) 80 I1 --- Ntp [1/7] Number of transiting planets surviving our cuts -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): In the Kepler light curve over 6 hours. Note (2): For a 1.5 Earth radii planet at 30 days. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- History: From electronic version of the journal References: Petigura et al., Paper I 2017AJ....154..107P 2017AJ....154..107P, Cat. J/AJ/154/107 Johnson et al., Paper II 2017AJ....154..108J 2017AJ....154..108J, Cat. J/AJ/154/108 Fulton et al., Paper III 2017AJ....154..109F 2017AJ....154..109F, Cat. J/AJ/154/109 Petigura et al., Paper IV 2018AJ....155...89P 2018AJ....155...89P, Cat. J/AJ/155/89 Weiss et al., Paper V 2018AJ....155...48W 2018AJ....155...48W, Cat. J/AJ/155/48 Fulton & Petigura., Paper VII 2018AJ....156..264F 2018AJ....156..264F
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Tiphaine Pouvreau [CDS] 15-Apr-2019
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