J/AJ/162/174 HARPS radial velocity follow up of GJ 1214 (Cloutier+, 2021)
A more precise mass for GJ 1214b and the frequency of multiplanet systems around
mid-M dwarfs.
Cloutier R., Charbonneau D., Deming D., Bonfils X., Astudillo-defru N.
<Astron. J., 162, 174-174 (2021)>
=2021AJ....162..174C 2021AJ....162..174C (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Stars, M-type; Stars, dwarfs; Spectra, optical;
Radial velocities
Keywords: Exoplanets; Exoplanet structure; M dwarf stars; Radial velocity
Transits
Abstract:
We present an intensive effort to refine the mass and orbit of the
enveloped terrestrial planet GJ1214b using 165 radial velocity (RV)
measurements taken with the HARPS spectrograph over a period of
10years. We conduct a joint analysis of the RVs with archival
Spitzer/IRAC transits and measure a planetary mass and radius of
8.17±0.43M⊕ and 2.742-0.053+0.050R⊕. Assuming that
GJ1214b is an Earth-like core surrounded by a H/He envelope, we
measure an envelope mass fraction of Xenv=5.24-0.29+0.30%.
GJ1214b remains a prime target for secondary eclipse observations of
an enveloped terrestrial, the scheduling of which benefits from our
constraint on the orbital eccentricity of <0.063 at 95% confidence,
which narrows the secondary eclipse window to 2.8hr. By combining
GJ1214 with other mid-M-dwarf transiting systems with intensive RV
follow up, we calculate the frequency of mid-M-dwarf planetary systems
with multiple small planets and find that 90-21+5% of mid-M dwarfs
with a known planet with mass [1,10]M⊕ and orbital period
[0.5,50]days, will host at least one additional planet. We rule out
additional planets around GJ1214 down to 3M⊕ within 10days, such
that GJ1214 is a single-planet system within these limits. This result
has a 44-5+9 probability given the prevalence of multiplanet
systems around mid-M dwarfs. We also investigate mid-M-dwarf RV
systems and show that the probability that all reported RV planet
candidates are real planets is <12% at 99% confidence, although this
statistical argument is unable to identify the probable false
positives.
Description:
GJ1214b was observed with the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet
Searcher (HARPS) echelle spectrograph mounted at the 3.6m ESO
telescope at La Silla Observatory, Chile (at ∼650nm). The observations
were obtained through five time allocations: ESO programs 183.C-0972,
283.C-5022 (P.I. Udry), and 1102.C-0339, 183.C-0437, 198.C-0838 (P.I.
Bonfils). The exposure time was set to 2400s in each program.
Objects:
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RA (2000) DE Designation(s) (Period)
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17 15 18.93 +04 57 50.1 GJ 1214 = G 139-21 (P=1.58d)
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 30 165 The raw HARPS RV time series of GJ1214 in the
solar system barycentric reference frame
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See also:
I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)
J/ApJ/736/12 : Transit light curves of GJ1214 (Berta+, 2011)
J/A+A/538/A46 : Transit observations of GJ1214b (de Mooij+, 2012)
J/A+A/546/A14 : Limb-darkening for CoRoT, Kepler, Spitzer (Claret+, 2012)
J/ApJ/748/93 : K-band spectra for 133 nearby M dwarfs (Rojas-Ayala+, 2012)
J/ApJS/200/15 : HARPS-TERRA project. I. (Anglada-Escude+, 2012)
J/A+A/549/A10 : Transits of GJ 1214 (Harpsoe+, 2013)
J/A+A/556/A126 : GJ667C Doppler & activity measurements (Anglada-Escude+, 2013)
J/A+A/563/A21 : GJ 1214 Trappist and Spitzer light curves (Gillon+, 2014)
J/AJ/147/20 : Spectroscopy of 447 nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2014)
J/A+A/575/A119 : HARPS RV and stellar activity (Astudillo-Defru+, 2015)
J/A+A/579/A113 : BR light curves of GJ1214b (Nascimbeni+, 2015)
J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)
J/ApJ/807/45 : Habitable planets orbiting M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)
J/AJ/152/141 : Solar neighborhood. XXXVII. RVs for M dwarfs (Benedict+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/457/2877 : Kepler M dwarf stars revised properties (Gaidos+, 2016)
J/A+A/602/A88 : 5 M dwarfs radial velocity curves (Astudillo-Defru+, 2017)
J/A+A/605/A92 : GJ 625 HARPS-N data (Suarez Mascareno+, 2017)
J/A+A/605/L11 : YZ Ceti radial velocity curve (Astudillo-Defru+, 2017)
J/A+A/609/A117 : CARMENES radial velocity curves of 7 M-dwarf (Trifonov+, 2018)
J/A+A/613/A25 : Radial velocity for Ross 128 (Bonfils+, 2018)
J/A+A/614/A35 : Differential photometry of GJ1214 (Mallonn+, 2018)
J/A+A/618/A142 : Radial velocity for GJ 1132 (Bonfils+, 2018)
J/A+A/620/A171 : Radial velocities of GJ 3779 and GJ 1265 (Luque+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/18 : APOGEE DR14:Binary comp of evolved stars (Price-Whelan+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/82 : RVel characterization of TESS planets (Cloutier+, 2018)
J/A+A/625/A17 : SOPHIE data of Gliese 411 (Diaz+, 2019)
J/A+A/628/A39 : Radial velocities of GJ 357 (Luque+, 2019)
J/A+A/629/A111 : L 98-59 (TOI 175) HARPS observations (Cloutier+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/75 : Mid-type Mdwarfs planet occurrence (Hardegree-Ullman+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/133 : Transit timing and light curves for K2-146 (Hamann+, 2019)
J/A+A/639/A77 : Proxima Cen RV, FWHM and fluxes (Suarez Mascareno+, 2020)
J/A+A/642/A121 : LHS1140 radial velocity data (Lillo-Box+, 2020)
J/A+A/642/A236 : GJ 3473 (TOI-488) radial velocity curve (Kemmer+, 2020)
J/A+A/643/A112 : CARMENES VIS RVs of 3 M dwarfs (Stock+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/211 : Exoplanet parameters from Kepler and K2 (Cloutier+, 2020)
J/AJ/160/3 : RVvel of M-dwarf LTT 3780 with HARPS (Cloutier+, 2020)
J/AJ/160/22 : TOI-1235 Radial velocities& optical spectro. (Cloutier+, 2020)
J/AJ/162/61 : RVel follow up of Barnard's star with HPF (Lubin+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 F10.5 d BJD [4993/8729] Barycentric Julian Date; BJD-2450000
12- 18 F7.3 m/s RVel [-41/22] Radial velocity (1)
20- 25 F6.3 m/s e_RVel [1/13] Uncertainty in RVel
27- 30 A4 --- Note Fiber upgrade status; pre or post
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Note (1): Raw and synthetic RVs time series, GLS periodograms, and sensitivity
maps for GJ 1214
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 20-Dec-2021