J/AJ/163/24 Stellar populations in the Sco-Cen complex (Luhman, 2022)
A Census of the Stellar Populations in the Sco-Cen Complex.
Luhman K.L.
<Astron. J., 163, 24 (2022)>
=2022AJ....163...24L 2022AJ....163...24L
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, open; Photometry, UBVRIJKLMNH; Positional data;
Proper motions; Radial velocities; Parallaxes, trigonometric;
Spectral types
Keywords: Brown dwarfs ; Star formation ; Initial mass function ; Low
mass stars ; OB associations ; Stellar associations
Abstract:
I have used high-precision photometry and astrometry from the early
installment of the third data release of Gaia (EDR3) to perform a
survey for members of the stellar populations within the Sco-Cen
complex, which consist of Upper Sco, UCL/LCC, the V1062 Sco group,
Ophiuchus, and Lupus. Among Gaia sources with σπ<1mas, I have
identified 10509 candidate members of those populations. I have
compiled previous measurements of spectral types, Li equivalent
widths, and radial velocities for the candidates, which are available
for 3169, 1420, and 1740 objects, respectively. In a subset of
candidates selected to minimize field star contamination, I estimate
that the contamination is ≲1% and the completeness is ∼90% at
spectral types of ≲M6-M7 for the populations with low extinction
(Upper Sco, V1062 Sco, UCL/LCC). I have used that cleaner sample to
characterize the stellar populations in Sco-Cen in terms of their
initial mass functions, ages, and space velocities. For instance, all
of the populations in Sco-Cen have histograms of spectral types that
peak near M4-M5, which indicates that they share similar
characteristic masses for their initial mass functions
(∼0.15-0.2M☉). After accounting for incompleteness, I estimate
that the Sco-Cen complex contains nearly 10000 members with masses
above ∼0.01M☉. Finally, I also present new estimates for the
intrinsic colors of young stars and brown dwarfs (≲20Myr) in bands
from Gaia EDR3, the Two Micron All Sky Survey, the Wide-field Infrared
Survey Explorer, and the Spitzer Space Telescope.
Description:
High-precision photometry and astrometry from Gaia EDR3 have been used
to identify candidate members of the stellar populations within the
Sco-Cen complex, which consist of Ophiuchus, Lupus, Upper Sco, V1062
Sco, and UCL/LCC.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 444 10509 Candidate members of Sco-Cen from Gaia EDR3
table2.dat 352 195 Non-kinematic candidate companions in Sco-Cen
table4.dat 99 59 Intrinsic colors of young stars and brown dwarfs
refs.dat 67 160 References used
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See also:
III/252 : Pulkovo radial velocities for 35493 HIP stars (Gontcharov, 2006)
III/279 : RAVE 5th data release (Kunder+, 2017)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
J/AJ/144/8 : Spectro. of ∼100 G/K/M-type Sco-Cen complex members (Song+, 2012)
J/ApJ/745/56 : Upper Sco members rotational velocities (Dahm+, 2012)
J/ApJ/746/154 : Improved kinematic parallaxes Sco-Cen members (Pecaut+, 2012)
J/ApJ/762/88 : Young stellar kinematic group candidate members (Malo+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/435/1325 : Membership of the η Cha association (Murphy+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/448/2737 : New PMS K/M Stars in Upper Scorpius (Rizzuto+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/453/2220 : Early-type Sco-Cen memb. with literature RVs (Murphy+, 2015)
J/AJ/154/69 : ACRONYM II. The β Pictoris Moving Group (Shkolnik+, 2017)
J/ApJ/844/66 : The Sco-Cen Rotation Catalogue - SCRC (Mellon+ 2017)
J/AJ/157/234 : ACRONYM. III. Candidate young low-mass stars (Schneider+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/484/5049 : DECam Survey of Scorpius Centaurus (Moolekamp+, 2019)
J/A+A/657/A53 : Wide-orbit companions to K-type stars in Sco-Cen (Bohn+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- GaiaEDR3 Gaia EDR3 source name
21- 39 I19 --- GaiaDR2 ? Gaia DR2 source name
41- 97 A57 --- Name ? Other source name
99-108 F10.6 deg RAdeg [167/280] Gaia EDR3 Right Ascension (ICRS at
Epoch 2016.0)
110-119 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-75/-7.4] Gaia EDR3 Declination (ICRS at
Epoch 2016.0)
121-151 A31 --- SpType ? Spectral type
153-176 A24 --- r_SpType ? Spectral type reference
178-182 A5 --- Adopt ? Adopted spectral type
184-184 A1 --- l_EWLi ? Limit flag for EWLi
186-189 I4 0.1pm EWLi [18/1300]? Average equivalent width of Li
191-206 A16 --- r_EWLi ? EWLi reference
208-214 F7.3 mas/yr pmRA [-42.8/2.93] Gaia EDR3 Proper motion in Right
Ascension
216-220 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.008/2] Error in pmRA
222-228 F7.3 mas/yr pmDE [-39.1/-0.5] Gaia EDR3 proper motion in
Declination
230-234 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.009/2] Error in pmDec
236-241 F6.3 mas plx [5.06/11.6] Gaia EDR3 parallax
243-247 F5.3 mas e_plx [0.01/1] Error in plx
249-255 F7.3 pc rmedgeo [90.5/215] Median of geometric distance
posterior from Gaia EDR3
257-263 F7.3 pc rlogeo [80.8/183] The 16th percentile of geometric
distance posterior from Gaia EDR3
265-271 F7.3 pc rhigeo [95.6/320] The 84th percentile of geometric
distance posterior from Gaia EDR3
273-279 F7.3 km/s RVel [-63.6/67.6]? Radial velocity
281-286 F6.3 km/s e_RVel [0.001/4]? Error in RVel
288-289 I2 --- r_RVel [1/33]? Radial velocity reference (1)
291-296 F6.2 km/s U [-54.6/59.6]? U component of space velocity
298-301 F4.2 km/s e_U [0.01/4]? Error in U
303-308 F6.2 km/s V [-61.3/5.13]? component of space velocity
310-313 F4.2 km/s e_V [0.03/4]? Error in V
315-320 F6.2 km/s W [-33.8/12.6]? W component of space velocity
322-325 F4.2 km/s e_W [0.01/2]? Error in W
327-332 F6.3 mag Gmag [3.12/20.7]? Gaia EDR3 G magnitude
334-338 F5.3 mag e_Gmag [0.003/0.06]? Error in Gmag
340-345 F6.3 mag GBPmag [3.09/23.4]? Gaia EDR3 GBP magnitude
347-351 F5.3 mag e_GBPmag [0.003/2]? Error in GBPmag
353-358 F6.3 mag GRPmag [3.06/19.3]? Gaia EDR3 GRP magnitude
360-364 F5.3 mag e_GRPmag [0.004/0.8]? Error in GRPmag
366-371 F6.3 --- RUWE [0.57/63.7] Gaia EDR3 Renormalized unit weight
error
373-376 A4 --- kin Kinematic population (2)
378-379 A2 --- pos ? Position in Sco-Cen (3)
381-403 A23 --- 2m ? Closest 2MASS source within 3 arcsec
405-408 F4.2 arcsec 2msep [0/2.98]? Gaia EDR3 (epoch 2000) and 2MASS
angular separation
410 A1 --- 2mclos ? Gaia source closest match for 2MASS source?
412-437 A26 --- wise ? Closest WISE source within 3 arcsec
439-442 F4.2 arcsec wisesep [0/3]? Gaia EDR3 (epoch 2010.5) and WISE
angular separation
444 A1 --- wiseclos ? Gaia source closest match for WISE source?
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Note (1): References as follows:
1 = Gontcharov, 2006, III/252
2 = Gaia DR2, 2018, I/345
3 = Chen+, 2011, 2011AJ....738..122C 2011AJ....738..122C
4 = Murphy+, 2013, J/MNRAS/435/1325
5 = Jilinski+, 2006, J/A+A/448/1001
6 = Kunder+, 2017, III/279
7 = Torres+, 2006, J/A+A/460/695
8 = Desidera+, 2015, 2015A&A...573.A126D
9 = Schneider+, 2019, J/AJ/157/234
10 = Malo+, 2013, J/ApJ/762/88
11 = Buder+, 2021, 2021MNRAS.506..150G 2021MNRAS.506..150G
12 = Song+, 2012, J/AJ/144/8
13 = White+, 2007, J/AJ/133/2524
14 = Jonsson+, 2020, 2020AJ....160..120A 2020AJ....160..120A
15 = Soubiran+, 2018, 2018A&A...616...A7S
16 = Shkolnik+, 2017, J/AJ/154/69
17 = Wichmann+, 1999, 1999MNRAS.307..909W 1999MNRAS.307..909W
18 = Budding+, 2015, 2015MNRAS.448.3784B 2015MNRAS.448.3784B
19 = Dahm+, 2012, J/ApJ/745/56
20 = Galli+, 2013, 2013A&A...558..A77G
21 = Frasca+, 2017, 2017A&A...602..A33F
22 = Alcala+, 2020, 2020A&A...635...L1A
23 = Andersen & Nordstrom 1983A&AS...52..471A 1983A&AS...52..471A
24 = Kurosawa+, 2006, 2006MNRAS.372.1879K 2006MNRAS.372.1879K
25 = David+, 2016a, 2016aApJ...816...21D
26 = Muzerolle+, 2003, 2003ApJ...592..266M 2003ApJ...592..266M
27 = Rice+, 2010, 2010ApJS..186...63R 2010ApJS..186...63R
28 = Alonso+, 2015, 2015A&A...584...L8A
29 = Prato, 2007, 2007ApJ...657..338P 2007ApJ...657..338P
30 = Wang+, 2018, 2018ApJ...865..141W 2018ApJ...865..141W
31 = Gutierrez Albarran+, 2020, M.A&A...643..A71G
32 = Sullivan+, 2019, 2019AJ....158...41S 2019AJ....158...41S
33 = Mathieu+, 1989, 1989AJ.....98..987M 1989AJ.....98..987M
Note (2): Populations as follows:
u = Upper Sco;
o = Ophiuchus;
l = Lupus;
v = V1062 Sco;
c = UCL/LCC.
Note (3): Celestial coordinates within these regions:
o = The Ophiuchus field from Esplin & Luhman, 2020 J/AJ/160/44
u = The triangular field in Upper Sco from Luhman & Esplin, 2020, J/AJ/160/44
excluding Ophiuchus
l = The fields encompassing Lupus clouds 1-4 from Luhman, 2020, J/AJ/160/186
v = A 2 degree radius field centered on the V1062 Sco group
s = The boundary of Sco-Cen from de Zeeuw+, 1999, J/AJ/117/354
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- GaiaEDR3 Gaia EDR3 source name
21- 39 I19 --- GaiaDR2 ? Gaia DR2 source name
41- 90 A50 --- Name ? Other source name
92-101 F10.6 deg RAdeg [172/266] Gaia EDR3 Right Ascension (ICRS at
Epoch 2016.0)
103-112 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-72/-17] Gaia EDR3 Declination (ICRS at Epoch
2016.0)
114-130 A17 --- SpType ? Spectral type
132-142 A11 --- r_SpType ? Spectral type reference
144-148 A5 --- Adopt ? Adopted spectral type
150-152 I3 0.1pm EWLi [86/800]? Average equivalent width of Li
154-158 A5 --- r_EWLi ? EWLi reference
160-166 F7.3 mas/yr pmRA [-41.2/-2.86]? Gaia EDR3 Proper motion in
Right Ascension
168-172 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.01/1]? Error in pmRA
174-180 F7.3 mas/yr pmDE [-40/-3.63]? Gaia EDR3 Proper motion in
Declination
182-186 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.01/0.7]? Error in pmDec
188-193 F6.3 mas plx [4.65/10.9]? Gaia EDR3 parallax
195-199 F5.3 mas e_plx [0.01/0.8]? Error in plx
201-207 F7.3 pc rmedgeo [92.7/220]? Median of geometric distance
posterior (1)
209-215 F7.3 pc rlogeo [88.3/203]? The 16th percentile of geometric
distance posterior (1)
217-223 F7.3 pc rhigeo [95.9/252]? The 84th percentile of geometric
distance posterior (1)
225-231 F7.3 km/s RVel [-34.6/21.5]? Radial velocity
233-237 F5.3 km/s e_RVel [0.01/4]? Error in RVel
239-239 I1 --- r_RVel [1/6]? Radial velocity reference (2)
241-246 F6.3 mag Gmag [3.11/19.7]? Gaia EDR3 G magnitude
248-252 F5.3 mag e_Gmag [0.003/0.04]? Error in Gmag
254-259 F6.3 mag GBPmag [3.18/19.8]? Gaia EDR3 GBP magnitude
261-265 F5.3 mag e_GBPmag [0.003/0.6]? Error in GBPmag
267-272 F6.3 mag GRPmag [3.27/17]? Gaia EDR3 GRP magnitude
274-278 F5.3 mag e_GRPmag [0.004/0.5]? Error in GRPmag
280-285 F6.3 --- RUWE [0.85/32.1]? Gaia EDR3 Renormalized unit
weight error
287-288 A2 --- pos ? Position in Sco-Cen (3)
290-312 A23 --- 2m ? Closest 2MASS source within 3 arcsec
314-317 F4.2 arcsec 2msep [0.04/2.97]? Gaia EDR3 (epoch 2000) and
2MASS angular separation
319-319 A1 --- 2mclos ? Gaia source closest match for 2MASS source?
321-345 A25 --- wise ? Closest WISE source within 3 arcsec
347-350 F4.2 arcsec wisesep [0.02/2.8]? Gaia EDR3 (epoch 2010.5) and WISE
angular separation
352-352 A1 --- wiseclos ? Gaia source closest match for WISE source?
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Note (1): From Bailer-Jones+, 2021, I/352.
Note (2): References as follows
1 = Gaia DR2, 2018, I/345
2 = Buder+, 2021MNRAS.506..150G 2021MNRAS.506..150G
3 = Chen+, 2011AJ....738..122C 2011AJ....738..122C
4 = Gontcharov, 2006, III/252
5 = Jonsson+, 2020AJ....160..120A 2020AJ....160..120A
6 = Torres+, 2006, J/A+A/460/695
Note (3): Celestial coordinates within these regions:
o = The Ophiuchus field from Esplin+, 2018, J/AJ/156/75
u = The triangular field in Upper Sco from
Luhman & Esplin, 2020, J/AJ/160/44, excluding Ophiuchus
l = The fields encompassing Lupus clouds 1-4 from
Luhman+, 2020, J/AJ/160/186
v = a 2deg radius field centered on the V1062 Sco group;
s = The boundary of Sco-Cen from de Zeeuw+, 1999, J/AJ/117/354
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 A2 --- SpType Spectral Type
4- 9 F6.3 mag BP-RP [-0.31/4.89]? GBP-GRP for Gaia EDR3 bands
11- 16 F6.3 mag G-RP [-0.19/1.59]? G-GRP for Gaia EDR3 bands
18- 23 F6.3 mag RP-K [-0.47/4.4]? GRP-Ks for Gaia EDR3 bands
25- 30 F6.3 mag J-H [-0.16/0.9] J-H for 2MASS bands
32- 37 F6.3 mag H-K [-0.05/0.65] H-Ks for 2MASS bands
39- 44 F6.3 mag K-3.6 [-0.02/0.72]? Ks-[3.6] for 2MASS & Spitzer bands
46- 51 F6.3 mag K-4.5 [-0.08/0.9] Ks-[4.5] 2MASS & Spitzer bands (1)
53- 57 F5.3 mag K-5.8 [0.01/0.92] Ks-[5.8] for 2MASS and Spitzer bands
59- 64 F6.3 mag K-8.0 [-0.18/1.0] Ks-[8.0] for 2MASS and Spitzer bands
66- 71 F6.3 mag K-24 [-0.18/0.98]? Ks-[24] 2MASS & Spitzer bands (2)
73- 78 F6.3 mag K-W1 [-0.01/0.45]? Ks-W1 for 2MASS and WISE bands
80- 85 F6.3 mag K-W2 [-0.08/0.9] Ks-W2 for 2MASS and WISE bands (1)
87- 92 F6.3 mag K-W3 [-0.13/0.7]? Ks-W3 for 2MASS and WISE bands
94- 99 F6.3 mag K-W4 [-0.18/0.98]? Ks-W4 for 2MASS and WISE bands (2)
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Note (1): Same values listed for Ks-[4.5] and Ks-W2.
Note (2): Same values listed for Ks-[24] and Ks-W4.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Ref [1/160] Reference number
5- 30 A26 --- Autor Main autor
32- 50 A19 --- BIB BIBcode
52- 67 A16 --- Cat. Vizier catalog
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 04-Apr-2022