J/AJ/163/253 The Perkins INfrared Exosatellite Survey. I. (Tamburo+, 2022)
The Perkins INfrared Exosatellite Survey (PINES)
I. Survey Overview, Reduction Pipeline, and Early Results.
Tamburo P., Muirhead P.S., McCarthy A.M., Hart M., Gracia D., Vos J.M.,
Bardalez Gagliuffi D.C., Faherty J., Theissen C., Agol E., Skinner J.N.,
Sagear S.
<Astron. J., 163, 253 (2022)>
=2022AJ....163..253T 2022AJ....163..253T
ADC_Keywords: Surveys; Stars, brown dwarf; Stars, T-type; Stars, L-type;
Exoplanets; Photometry, infrared; Spectral types
Keywords: Surveys ; Brown dwarfs ; L dwarfs ; T dwarfs ; Transit
photometry ; Exoplanet astronomy ; Infrared photometry
Abstract:
We describe the Perkins INfrared Exosatellite Survey (PINES), a
near-infrared photometric search for short-period transiting planets
and moons around a sample of 393 spectroscopically confirmed L- and
T-type dwarfs. PINES is performed with Boston University's 1.8m
Perkins Telescope Observatory, located on Anderson Mesa, Arizona. We
discuss the observational strategy of the survey, which was designed
to optimize the number of expected transit detections, and describe
custom automated observing procedures for performing PINES
observations. We detail the steps of the PINES Analysis Toolkit (PAT),
software that is used to create light curves from PINES images. We
assess the impact of second-order extinction due to changing
precipitable water vapor on our observations and find that the
magnitude of this effect is minimized in Mauna Kea Observatories J
band. We demonstrate the validity of PAT through the recovery of a
transit of WASP-2b and known variable brown dwarfs, and use it to
identify a new variable L/T transition object: the T2 dwarf
WISE J045746.08-020719.2. We report on the measured photometric
precision of the survey and use it to estimate our transit-detection
sensitivity. We find that for our median brightness targets, assuming
contributions from white noise only, we are sensitive to the detection
of 2.5R⊕ planets and larger. PINES will test whether the
increase in sub-Neptune-sized planet occurrence with decreasing host
mass continues into the L- and T-dwarf regime.
Description:
Perkins INfrared Exosatellite Survey (PINES) is conducted using Boston
University's 1.8m Perkins Telescope Observatory (PTO), located on
Anderson Mesa, Arizona, at an altitude of 2206m. The telescope is a
Cassegrain reflector with a 0.4m diameter secondary mirror.
In the survey, we perform photometric observations of L and T dwarfs
using Mimir, a NIR polarimeter, spectrometer, and imager that is
permanently housed at the PTO. We use the instrument in its broadband
J- and H-band wide-field imaging modes, which provide 10'x10'
field-of-view (FOV) images. The J- and H-band filters are from the
Mauna Kea Observatories near-infrared (MKO-NIR) set, which was
designed in part to avoid contamination from water vapor lines.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 74 393 Targets in the PINES sample
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See also:
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
II/314 : UKIDSS-DR8 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
J/ApJ/637/1067 : NearIR spectral classification of T dwarfs (Burgasser+, 2006)
J/ApJS/173/104 : Stellar population in Chamaeleon I (Luhman, 2007)
J/ApJ/723/684 : NIRSPEC ultracool dwarf radial velocity survey (Blake+, 2010)
J/AJ/142/77 : New T dwarfs identified in Pan-STARRS 1 (Deacon+, 2011)
J/ApJS/201/19 : Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. I. (Dupuy+, 2012)
J/ApJ/753/156 : T/Y brown dwarfs with WISE photometry (Kirkpatrick+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/429/903 : New brown dwarf discs in Upper Scorpius (Dawson+, 2013)
J/ApJ/767/95 : Stellar parameters of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/A+A/556/A133 : Astrometric orbit DENIS-P J082303.1-49120 (Sahlmann+, 2013)
J/A+A/566/A111 : Brown dwarf atmosphere monitoring (BAM) (Wilson+, 2014)
J/ApJ/807/45 : Potential habitable planets orbiting Mdwarf (Dressing+, 2015)
J/ApJS/225/10 : Kinematic analysis of M7-L8 dwarfs (Faherty+, 2016)
J/ApJ/834/17 : Mass & radius of planets, moons, low mass stars (Chen+, 2017)
J/ApJ/856/23 : BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN Σ algorithm (Gagne+, 2018)
J/AJ/158/75 : Mid-type Mdwarfs planet occurrence (Hardegree-Ullman+, 2019)
J/ApJS/240/19 : Parallaxes of late-T and Y dwarfs (Kirkpatrick+, 2019)
J/AJ/159/257 : Hawaii IR plx program. IV. L0-T8 BDs with UKIRT (Best+, 2020)
J/AJ/160/19 : 827 ultracool dwarfs with K2 (Sagear+, 2020)
J/A+A/641/A170 : Ultracool dwarf K2 light curves (Sestovic+, 2020)
J/AJ/160/38 : Spitzer variability detections 79 brown dwarfs (Vos+, 2020)
J/A+A/645/A100 : SPECULOOS. Ultracool dwarf transit survey (Sebastian+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 16 A16 --- 2MASS 2MASS name
18- 19 I2 --- Group [0/76] PINES group identifier
21- 22 I2 h RAh [0/23] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
24- 25 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
27- 28 I2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
30- 30 A1 --- DE- [±] Sign of the Declination (J2000)
31- 32 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
34- 35 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
37- 38 I2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
40- 45 F6.3 mag Jmag [11.7/16.5] 2MASS J-band magnitude
47- 51 F5.3 mag e_Jmag [0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty in Jmag
53- 58 F6.3 mag Hmag [11/15.8] 2MASS H-band magnitude
60- 64 F5.3 mag e_Hmag [0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty in Hmag
66- 69 A4 --- SpT-opt Optical spectral type
71- 74 A4 --- SpT-nir Near-infrared spectral type
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Cralie Fix [CDS], 23-Sep-2022