J/AJ/163/25 Circumstellar disk populations in the Sco-Cen complex (Luhman, 2022)
A Census of the Circumstellar Disk Populations in the Sco-Cen Complex.
Luhman K.L.
<Astron. J., 163, 25 (2022)>
=2022AJ....163...25L 2022AJ....163...25L
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, open; Photometry, infrared; Star Forming Region
Keywords: Star formation ; Circumstellar disks ; Protoplanetary disks ;
OB associations ; Stellar associations ; Star forming regions ;
Low mass stars ; Brown dwarfs ; Debris disks
Abstract:
I have used mid-infrared (IR) photometry from the Wide-field Infrared
Survey Explorer (WISE) to perform a census of circumstellar disks
among ∼10000 candidate members of the Sco-Cen complex that were
recently identified with data from the Gaia mission. IR excesses are
detected for more than 1200 of the WISE counterparts that are within
the commonly adopted boundary for Sco-Cen, ∼400 of which are newly
reported in this work. The richest population in Sco-Cen, UCL/LCC,
contains the largest available sample of disks (>500) for any
population near its age (∼20Myr). UCL/LCC also provides the tightest
statistical constraints to date on the disk fractions of low-mass
stars for any single age beyond that of Upper Sco (∼11Myr). For Upper
Sco and UCL/LCC, I have measured the disk fractions as a function of
spectral type. The disk fraction in Upper Sco is higher at later
spectral types, which is consistent with the results for previous
samples of candidate members. In UCL/LCC, that trend has become more
pronounced; the disk fractions in UCL/LCC are lower than those in
Upper Sco by factors of ∼10, 5.7, and 2.5 at B7-K5.5, K6-M3.5, and
M3.75-M6, respectively. The data in UCL/LCC also demonstrate that the
disk fraction for low-mass stars remains nonnegligible at an age of
20Myr (0.09±0.01). Finally, I find no significant differences in
the ages of disk-bearing and diskless low-mass stars in Upper Sco and
UCL/LCC based on their positions in color-magnitude diagrams.
Description:
The Spitzer Space Telescope and the Wide-field Infrared Survey
Explorer (WISE) have been the best available facilities for detecting
disks via IR excesses.
The images from WISE were obtained in bands centered at 3.4, 4.6, 12,
and 22µm, which are denoted as W1, W2, W3, and W4, respectively.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 220 9675 IR photometry and disk classifications for
candidate members of Sco-Cen
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See also:
II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
J/A+A/216/44 : Walraven photometry in Sco-Cen association (De Geus+, 1989)
J/A+A/337/403 : Low-mass stars evolutionary models (Baraffe+ 1998)
J/AJ/117/354 : OB associations from Hipparcos (de Zeeuw+, 1999)
J/AJ/124/1670 : Post-T Tauri Stars in Sco-Cen Association (Mamajek+, 2002)
J/AJ/124/404 : Upper Scorpius OB association Li survey. II. (Preibisch, 2002)
J/ApJ/620/1010 : Spitzer 24µm photometry of A dwarfs (Rieke+, 2005)
J/ApJ/651/L49 : Upper Sco OB association IRAC observations (Carpenter+, 2006)
J/AJ/131/1574 : Infrared photometry of IC348 members (Lada+, 2006)
J/ApJ/638/897 : IR photometry in Trumpler37 & NGC7160 (Sicilia-Aguilar+, 2006)
J/ApJ/667/308 : Weak-line T Tauri in Spitzer c2d Survey. II. (Cieza+, 2007)
J/ApJ/659/599 : IRAC and JHKs photometry of h and chi Persei (Currie+, 2007)
J/ApJ/662/1067 : Sptizer observations of sigma Orionis (Hernandez+, 2007)
J/ApJ/675/1375 : IRAC/MIPS photometry in Cha I (Luhman+, 2008)
J/ApJS/177/551 : Spitzer c2d survey of Lupus dark clouds (Merin+, 2008)
J/ApJ/705/1646 : Debris disks in Upper Sco (Carpenter+, 2009)
J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)
J/ApJ/712/925 : Transition circumstellar disks in Ophiuchus (Cieza+, 2010)
J/ApJS/186/111 : Spitzer observations of Taurus members (Luhman+, 2010)
J/ApJ/738/122 : ScoCen debris disks Around F- and G-type stars (Chen+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/416/3108 : Membership of Sco OB2 moving group (Rizzuto+, 2011)
J/ApJ/756/133 : ScoCen debris disks around B- and A-type stars (Chen+, 2012)
J/ApJ/758/31 : IR photometry for members of Upper Sco (Luhman+, 2012)
J/ApJ/746/154 : Improved kinematic plxs for Sco-Cen members (Pecaut+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/8 : Spectro. of ∼100 G/K/M-type Sco-Cen complex mem. (Song+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/434/806 : Pre-main-sequence isochrones. II. SFR (Bell+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/429/903 : New brown dwarf discs in Upper Scorpius (Dawson+, 2013)
J/ApJS/211/25 : Spitzer/IRS debris disk catalog. I. (Chen+, 2014)
J/ApJ/796/127 : Spitzer h and χ Persei candidate members (Cloutier+, 2014)
J/ApJ/784/126 : IR photometry of all known members in Taurus (Esplin+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/448/2737 : New PMS K/M Stars in Upper Scorpius (Rizzuto+, 2015)
J/ApJS/225/15 : IR excess stars from Tycho-2 and AllWISE (Cotten+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/461/794 : Scorpius-Centaurus K-Type Stars (Pecaut+, 2016)
J/ApJ/836/34 : 24um excesses clusters & membership of NGC2244 (Meng+, 2017)
J/AJ/156/75 : Circumstellar disks in Upper Sco association (Esplin+, 2018)
J/ApJ/868/32 : A large moving group within LCC association (Goldman+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/477/5191 : Ggalactic young stellar cluster lifetimes (Richert+, 2018)
J/A+A/623/A112 : The Sco OB2 population from Gaia DR2 data (Damiani+, 2019)
J/AJ/160/44 : Upper Scorpius spectroscopy and photometry (Luhman+, 2020)
J/A+A/634/A98 : Corona-Australis DANCe. I. (Galli+, 2020)
J/AJ/160/186 : Gaia survey stars associated with Lupus Clouds (Luhman, 2020)
J/AJ/160/44 : Upper Scorpius spectroscopy and photometry (Luhman+, 2020)
J/A+A/642/A86 : Circumstellar disks in Lupus complex (Teixeira+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 26 A26 --- WISE Source name from WISE catalogs (1)
28- 38 F11.7 deg RAdeg [167/280] Right ascension (J2000) from WISE
40- 50 F11.7 deg DEdeg [-75/-7.4] Declination (J2000) from WISE
52- 74 A23 --- 2M ? closest 2MASS source within 3 arcsec
76- 79 F4.2 arcsec 2Msep [0.01/3.27]? Angular separation between WISE and
2MASS
81- 86 F6.3 mag Jmag [3.09/16.9]? 2MASS J magnitude
88- 92 F5.3 mag e_Jmag [0.01/0.9]? Error in Jmag
94- 99 F6.3 mag Hmag [3.04/16.5]? 2MASS H magnitude
101-105 F5.3 mag e_Hmag [0.01/0.3]? Error in Hmag
107-112 F6.3 mag Ksmag [3.06/15.9]? 2MASS Ks magnitude
114-118 F5.3 mag e_Ksmag [0.001/0.6]? Error in Ksmag
120-125 F6.3 mag W1mag [3.18/17.4] WISE W1 magnitude
127-131 F5.3 mag e_W1mag [0.01/0.4] Error in W1mag
133 A1 --- f_W1mag ? Flag on W1mag (2)
134-139 F6.3 mag W2mag [1.89/17.1]? WISE W2 magnitude
141-145 F5.3 mag e_W2mag [0.01/0.4]? Error in W2mag
147-151 A5 --- f_W2mag ? Flag on W2mag (2)
153-158 F6.3 mag W3mag [0.7/13]? WISE W3 magnitude
160-164 F5.3 mag e_W3mag [0.007/0.6]? Error in W3mag
166-170 A5 --- f_W3mag ? Flag on W3mag (2)
172-177 F6.3 mag W4mag [-1.67/9.47]? WISE W4 magnitude
179-183 F5.3 mag e_W4mag [0.008/0.6]? Error in W4mag
185-189 A5 --- f_W4mag ? Flag on W4mag (2)
191-192 A2 --- ExcW2 ? Excess present in W2?
194-195 A2 --- ExcW3 ? Excess present in W3?
197-198 A2 --- ExcW4 ? Excess present in W4?
200-220 A21 --- Disk ? Disk Type (3)
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Note (1): Source name from AllWISE Source Catalog, AllWISE Reject Catalog,
or WISE All-Sky Source Catalog.
Note (2): Flags as follows:
nodet = nondetection
false = detection from WISE catalog appears to be false or unreliable
based on visual inspection.
Note (3): Candidates for edge-on disks from Figure 3 have "edge-on?" appended
to their disk classifications.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 05-Apr-2022