J/AJ/164/252 PINES. II. Observations used for 131 light curves (Tamburo+, 2022)
The Perkins INfrared Exosatellite Survey (PINES).
II. Transit Candidates and Implications for Planet Occurrence around L and
T-Dwarfs.
Tamburo P., Muirhead P.S., McCarthy A.M., Hart M., Vos J.M., Agol E.,
Theissen C.,Gracia D.,Bardalez Gagliuffi D.C.,Faherty J.
<Astron. J., 164, 252 (2022)>
=2022AJ....164..252T 2022AJ....164..252T
ADC_Keywords: Surveys; Stars, dwarfs; Photometry, infrared; Spectral types
Keywords: Surveys ; Brown dwarfs ; L dwarfs ; T dwarfs ; Transit
photometry ; Exoplanet astronomy ; Infrared photometry
Abstract:
We describe a new transit-detection algorithm designed to detect
single- transit events in discontinuous Perkins INfrared Exosatellite
Survey (PINES) observations of L and T-dwarfs. We use this algorithm
to search for transits in 131 PINES light curves and identify two
transit candidates: 2MASSJ18212815+1414010 (2MASSJ1821+1414) and
2MASSJ08350622+1953050 (2MASSJ0835+1953). We disfavor 2MASSJ1821+1414
as a genuine transit candidate due to the known variability properties
of the source. We cannot rule out the planetary nature of
2MASSJ0835+1953's candidate event and perform follow-up observations
in an attempt to recover a second transit. A repeat event has yet to
be observed, but these observations suggest that target variability is
an unlikely cause of the candidate transit. We perform a Markov Chain
Monte Carlo simulation of the light curve and estimate a planet radius
ranging from 4.2-1.6+3.5R⊕ to 5.8-2.1+4.8R⊕,
depending on the host's age. Finally, we perform an injection and
recovery simulation on our light-curve sample. We inject planets into
our data using measured M-dwarf planet occurrence rates and attempt to
recover them using our transit-search algorithm. Our detection rates
suggest that, assuming M-dwarf planet occurrence rates, we should have
roughly a 1% chance of detecting a candidate that could cause the
transit depth we observe for 2MASSJ0835+1953. If 2MASSJ0835+1953b is
confirmed, it would suggest an enhancement in the occurrence of
short-period planets around L and T-dwarfs in comparison to M-dwarfs,
which would challenge predictions from planet formation models.
Description:
131 light curves were included in this analysis. Light curves range in
duration from 1 to 11 nights, with a median duration of 3 nights.
Observations were taken in Mauna Kea Observatories (MKO) J and
H-bands.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 80 131 *PINES observations used in this study
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Note on table1.dat : Coordinates, Jmag values, and spectral types are
sourced from the List of Ultracool Dwarfs
(http://jgagneastro.com/list-of-ultracool-dwarfs/).
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See also:
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
J/ApJ/637/1067 : Near-IR spectral classification of T dwarfs (Burgasser+, 2006)
J/AJ/131/2722 : New L and T dwarfs from the SDSS (Chiu+, 2006)
J/AJ/137/1 : Proper motions & astrometry late-type dwarfs (Faherty+, 2009)
J/ApJ/710/1142 : SpeX spectroscopy of low mass binaries. I. (Burgasser+, 2010)
J/ApJS/190/100 : NIR proper motion survey using 2MASS (Kirkpatrick+, 2010)
J/A+A/529/A75 : Limb-darkening coefficients (Claret+, 2011)
J/ApJS/204/24 : Kepler planetary candidates. III. (Batalha+, 2013)
J/ApJ/794/143 : New SpeX Observations of M7-L6 Dwarfs (Bardalez+, 2014)
J/ApJ/783/121 : BANYAN II. Nearby young assoc. candidate member (Gagne+, 2014)
J/ApJ/807/45 : Pot habitable planets orbiting M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)
J/ApJ/814/130 : Planet occurrence rates calculated for KOIs (Mulders+, 2015)
J/ApJS/225/10 : Kinematic analysis of M7-L8 dwarfs (Faherty+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/455/357 : 2MASS J18212815+1414010 field stars (Sahlmann+, 2016)
J/ApJ/838/73 : Brow dwarf surface gravities with Keck/NIRSPEC (Martin , 2017)
J/MNRAS/474/2094 : Inferring probabilistic stellar rotation per (Angus+, 2018)
J/AJ/158/75 : Mid-type M dwarfs planet occurrence (Hardegree-Ullman+, 2019)
J/A+A/628/A39 : Radial velocities of GJ 357 (Luque+, 2019)
J/AJ/160/19 : 827 ultracool dwarfs with K2 (Sagear+, 2020)
J/A+A/641/A170 : Ultracool dwarf K2 light curves (Sestovic+, 2020)
J/AJ/160/38 : Spitzer variability detections of 79 brown dwarfs (Vos+, 2020)
J/A+A/645/A100 : SPECULOOS. Ultracool dwarf transit survey (Sebastian+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/28 : Studying protoplanetary disks in SFRs with ALMA (Van+, 2021)
J/AJ/163/253 : The Perkins INfrared Exosatellite Survey. I. (Tamburo+, 2022)
http://jgagneastro.com/list-of-ultracool-dwarfs : List of Ultracool Dwarfs
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 16 A16 --- 2MASS 2MASS identifier
18- 19 I2 h RAh [0/23] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
21- 22 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
24- 25 I2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
27- 27 A1 --- DE- [±] Sign of the Declination (J2000)
28- 29 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
31- 32 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
34- 35 I2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
37- 42 F6.3 mag Jmag [11.9/16.5] 2MASS J-band magnitude
44- 48 F5.3 mag e_Jmag [0.01/0.2] Uncertainty in Jmag
50- 53 A4 --- SpT-O Optical spectral type
55- 58 A4 --- SpT-NIR Near-IR spectral type
60- 60 A1 --- Band Band observed; H or J
62- 63 I2 --- Nnight [1/11] Number of nights
65- 66 I2 s TExp1 [10/60] First exposure time
69- 70 I2 s TExp2 [15/60]? Second exposure time
72- 75 F4.1 % sigma1 [0.6/12.8] Standard deviation associated with
Exp1
78- 80 F3.1 % sigma2 [0.8/9.1]? Standard deviation associated with
Exp2
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Tamburo et al. Paper I : 2022AJ....163..253T 2022AJ....163..253T Cat. J/AJ/163/253
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 02-Feb-2023