J/AJ/164/70 The TESS Grand Unified Hot Jupiter Survey I. 10 planets (Yee+, 2022)
The TESS Grand Unified Hot Jupiter Survey.
I. Ten TESS Planets.
Yee S.W., Winn J.N., Hartman J.D., Rodriguez J.E., Zhou G., Quinn S.N.,
Latham D.W., Bieryla A., Collins K.A., Addison B.C., Angelo I., Barkaoui K.,
Benni P., Boyle A.W., Brahm R., Butler R.P., Ciardi D.R., Collins K.I.,
Conti D.M., Crane J.D., Dai F., Dressing C.D., Eastman J.D., Essack Z.,
Fores-Toribio R., Furlan E., Gan T., Giacalone S., Gill H., Girardin E.,
Henning T., Henze C.E., Hobson M.J., Horner J., Howard A.W., Howell S.B.,
Huang C.X., Isaacson H., Jenkins J.M., Jensen E.L.N., Jordan A., Kane S.R.,
Kielkopf J.F., Lasota S., Levine A.M., Lubin J., Mann A.W., Massey B.,
McLeod K.K., Mengel M.W., Munoz J.A., Murgas F., Palle E., Plavchan P.,
Popowicz A., Radford D.J., Ricker G.R., Rowden P., Safonov B.S., Savel A.B.,
Schwarz R.P., Seager S., Sefako R., Shporer A., Srdoc G., Strakhov I.S.,
Teske J.K., Tinney C.G., Tyler D., Wittenmyer R.A., Zhang H., Ziegler C.
<Astron. J., 164, 70 (2022)>
=2022AJ....164...70Y 2022AJ....164...70Y
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Photometry, UVBGRI; Spectra, optical;
Radial velocities
Keywords: Exoplanets ; Hot Jupiters ; Transits ; Exoplanet astronomy ;
Exoplanet detection methods
Abstract:
Hot Jupiters-short-period giant planets-were the first extrasolar
planets to be discovered, but many questions about their origin
remain. NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), an
all-sky search for transiting planets, presents an opportunity to
address these questions by constructing a uniform sample of hot
Jupiters for demographic study through new detections and unifying the
work of previous ground-based transit surveys. As the first results of
an effort to build this large sample of planets, we report here the
discovery of 10 new hot Jupiters (TOI-2193Ab, TOI-2207b, TOI-2236b,
TOI-2421b, TOI-2567b, TOI-2570b, TOI-3331b, TOI-3540Ab, TOI-3693b,
TOI-4137b). All of the planets were identified as planet candidates
based on periodic flux dips observed by TESS, and were subsequently
confirmed using ground-based time-series photometry,
high-angular-resolution imaging, and high-resolution spectroscopy
coordinated with the TESS Follow-up Observing Program. The 10 newly
discovered planets orbit relatively bright F and G stars (G<12.5, Teff
between 4800 and 6200K). The planets orbital periods range from 2 to
10days, and their masses range from 0.2 to 2.2 Jupiter masses.
TOI-2421b is notable for being a Saturn-mass planet and TOI-2567b for
being a "sub-Saturn," with masses of 0.322±0.073 and
0.195±0.030 Jupiter masses, respectively. We also measured a
detectably eccentric orbit (e=0.17±0.05) for TOI-2207b, a planet
on an 8 day orbit, while placing an upper limit of e<0.052 for
TOI-3693b, which has a 9 day orbital period. The 10 planets described
here represent an important step toward using TESS to create a large
and statistically useful sample of hot Jupiters.
Description:
All of the new planets described here were first detected in
Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry. TESS observes
a 24x96deg region of the sky for 27days at a time, before rotating its
field of view to a new sector.
We also used the ground-based light curves to refine the transit
parameters and ephemerides. Observations were obtained from the
Brierfield Observatory; KeplerCam on the Fred Lawrence Whipple
Observatory (FLWO) 1.2m telescope; the Hazelwood Observatory; the
Acton Sky Portal; the Villa '39 observatory; the Observatori
Astronomic de la Universitat de Valencia (OAUV) TURIA2 0.3m telescope;
the Grand-Pra Observatory; the Silesian University of Technology
Observatories (SUTO) OTIVAR 0.3m telescope; the MEarth-South telescope
array at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO); as well
as the 0.4m and 1.0m telescopes of the Las Cumbres Observatory Global
Telescope (LCOGT) global network, using sites at the Observatorio del
Teide, CTIO, the Siding Spring Observatory (SSO), and the South
African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO).
We observed TOI-2193, TOI-2207, and TOI-3331 with the Prime Focus
Spectrograph (PFS) on the 6.5m Magellan II Clay Telescope at the Las
Campanas Observatory in Chile. We observed each target in the 3x3
binning mode with the iodine cell in the optical path, choosing short
exposure times of 10 minutes or less, which allowed us to attain a
typical precision of about 5m/s, well above the instrument's
demonstrated long-term precision of ~<1m/s.
TOI-2207, TOI-2236, and TOI-2421 were observed with CHIRON on the
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) 1.5m telescope on Cerro
Tololo in Chile. CHIRON is an optical, fiber-fed echelle spectrometer
with a spectral resolution of R∼80000 when used with an image slicer.
We observed with typical exposure times of 1200-1800s, bracketed by
calibration observations of a ThAr lamp.
TOI-2207 was also observed on six epochs with the Fibre-Fed Optical
Echelle Spectrograph (FEROS) mounted on the MPG 2.2m telescope at the
ESO La Silla Observatory, in Chile. The six observations of TOI-2207
were performed between 2021-07-22 and 2021-10-24 with a typical
exposure time of 1200 seconds, achieving an S/N per resolution element
ranging from 70 to 100.
We also obtained 11 observations of TOI-2421 between 2021-06-26 and
2021-08-16 using the Minerva-Australis telescope array, located at Mt.
Kent Observatory, Australia. Minerva-Australis is an array of four
identical 0.7m telescopes linked via fiber feeds to a single KiwiSpec
echelle spectrograph at a spectral resolving power of R∼80000 over the
wavelength region of 5000-6300Å.
We observed all five targets in the Northern hemisphere with the
Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph (TRES). TRES has a spectral
resolution of R∼44000 and is located on the FLWO 1.5m Tillinghast
Reflector telescope on Mount Hopkins, Arizona.
We observed TOI-2567, TOI-3540, and TOI-3693 with HIRES on the Keck I
10m telescope on Maunakea, Hawaii. We obtained six to nine
observations for each target with an iodine cell that provides a
precise wavelength calibration and allows for radial velocity
extraction. These observations were made through the queue system
operated by the California Planet Search (CPS).
TOI-2570 and TOI-4137 were observed with the NEID spectrograph on the
WIYN 3.5m telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO). NEID is
a newly commissioned stabilized, fiber-fed optical spectrograph with a
resolving power of R∼110000 spanning the wavelength range from 3800 to
9300Å.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 24 15 Summary of TESS observations
table2.dat 44 9476 Flattened & normalized TESS photometry
table4.dat 106 9380 TFOP SG1 photometry
table7.dat 57 120 Radial-velocity measurements
table12.dat 101 1055 Median values and 68% confidence intervals for
fitted stellar and planetary parameters
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See also:
I/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)
IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)
VI/120 : High-resolution synthetic stellar library (Coelho+, 2005)
J/A+A/415/1153 : [Fe/H] for 98 extra-solar planet-host stars (Santos+, 2004)
J/ApJS/159/141 : Spectroscopic properties of cool stars. I. (Valenti+, 2005)
J/ApJ/720/1118 : i-band photometry of HAT-P-16 (Buchhave+, 2010)
J/A+A/529/A75 : Limb-darkening coefficients (Claret+, 2011)
J/other/Nat/486.375 : Stellar parameters of KOI stars (Buchhave+, 2012)
J/ApJ/756/L33 : Radial velocities of 2 hot Jupiters in Praesepe (Quinn+, 2012)
J/AJ/152/182 : iz follow-up photometry HAT-P-65 & HAT-P-66 (Hartman+, 2016)
J/A+A/600/A30 : Limb-darkening for TESS satellite (Claret, 2017)
J/ApJ/836/77 : Library of high-S/N optical spectra of FGKM stars (Yee+, 2017)
J/AJ/156/234 : KELT transit false positive catalog for TESS (Collins+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/102 : TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List (Stassun+, 2018)
J/AJ/158/45 : TESS light curve & radial velocities for HD1397 (Brahm+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/55 : RVs and light curves for HATS-60-HATS-69 (Hartman+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/124 : DAVE. I. Benchmarking K2 vetting tools (Kostov+, 2019)
J/ApJS/244/11 : Planet candidates and EBs in K2 campaigns 0-8 (Kruse+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/191 : Light curve & radial velocities for TOI-172 (Rodriguez+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/141 : Differential photo. & RVs of HAT-P-69 & HAT-P-70 (Zhou+, 2019)
J/AJ/160/235 : Optical photometry & RVs of TOI-481b & TOI-892b (Brahm+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/19 : SOAR TESS survey. I. (Ziegler+, 2020)
J/ApJS/254/39 : Exoplanet candidates from TESS first 2yr obs (Guerrero+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/273 : 181 new planet candidates with TESS (Olmschenk+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/176 : The solar neighborhood. XLVIII. (Paredes+, 2021)
J/A+A/649/A3 : Gaia Early Data Release 3 photometric passband (Riello+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/194 : LCs & RVs of 5 exoplanets discovered TESS (Rodriguez+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/82 : Photometric & spectroscopic obs. TOI-954 & K2-329 (Sha+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/192 : SOAR TESS survey II Impact stellar companions (Ziegler+, 2021)
J/ApJS/259/33 : Faint-star TOIs from TESS Primary Mission (Kunimoto+, 2022)
J/AJ/163/82 : Radial velocity follow up of TOI-1842 (Wittenmyer+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 A8 --- TOI TESS Object of Interest identifier
10- 14 A5 --- Sector TESS sector
16- 19 A4 --- Source Source used; SPOC or QLP
21- 24 I4 s Cad [120/1800] Cadence
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- TOI TESS Object of Interest identifier
10- 11 I2 --- Sector [3/45] Sector number
13- 26 F14.6 d BJD [2458387/2459549] Barycentric Julian Date; TDB
28- 35 F8.6 --- Flux [0.97/1.02] Observed flux (1)
37- 44 F8.6 --- e_Flux [0.0003/0.005] Uncertainty in Flux
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Note (1): Flux has been detrended and normalized such that the mean
out-of-transit flux has a baseline of 1.0.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- TOI TESS Object of Interest identifier
10- 25 A16 --- Fac Facility identifier
27- 32 A6 --- Filt Filter used; B, R, I or Sloan g, i, z
34- 37 I4 yr Obs.Y [2020/2022] Observation UT date, year
39- 40 I2 "month" Obs.M Observation UT date, month
42- 43 I2 d Obs.D Observation UT date, day
45- 58 F14.6 d BJD [2459115/2459591] Barycentric Julian Date; TDB
60- 67 F8.6 --- Flux [0.95/1.03] Observed flux (1)
69- 76 F8.6 --- e_Flux [0.0008/0.006] Uncertainty in Flux
78- 86 F9.6 --- DV1 [-1/1]? Detrend variable 1 (2)
88- 96 F9.6 --- DV2 [-1/1]? Detrend variable 2 (2)
98-106 F9.6 --- DV3 [-0.64/1]? Detrend variable 3 (2)
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Note (1): Flux has been normalized such that the mean out-of-transit flux
has a baseline of 1.0, but is not yet detrended.
Note (2): The detrend variables are as listed in the last column of Table 3 in
the article.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- TOI TESS Object of Interest identifier
10- 23 F14.6 d BJD [2457356/2459587] Barycentric Julian Date; TDB
25- 30 F6.1 m/s RVel [-310/300] Radial velocity (1)
32- 36 F5.1 m/s e_RVel [3.7/120] Uncertainty in RVel
38- 41 I4 m/s BIS [-550/455]? Bisector inverse slope
43- 45 I3 m/s e_BIS [9/348]? Uncertainty in BIS
47- 57 A11 --- Inst Instrument used
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Note (1): The RVs presented here are relative RVs, where an independent offset
for each target and instrument γrel, has been subtracted.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table12.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 A8 --- TOI TESS Object of Interest identifier
10 A1 --- Type Fit type (1)
12 A1 --- Mode Mode of the distribution; (y)es or (n)o
14- 55 A42 --- Param Parameter identifier
57- 73 F17.9 --- Val [-45136/2459397]? Parameter value
75- 87 F13.9 --- E_Val [1.6e-08/400]? Upper uncertainty in Val (2)
89-101 F13.9 --- e_Val [1.4e-08/180]? Lower uncertainty in Val (2)
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Note (1): Types as follows:
e = Eccentricity to float (562 occurrences)
c = circular fit, , eccentricity fixed to 0 (493 occurrences)
Note (2): The uncertainties are 1σ if bother are provided. If only the
e_Val is available it denotes a 2σ lower limit on value.
Likewise, if only E_Val is present it indicates a 2σ upper
limit.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 28-Oct-2022