J/AJ/165/104 Emergent spectral IR fluxes of 122 hot Jupiters (Deming+, 2023)
Emergent Spectral Fluxes of Hot Jupiters; An Abrupt Rise in Dayside Brightness
Temperature Under Strong Irradiation.
Deming D., Line M.R., Knutson H.A., Crossfield I.J.M., Kempton E.M.-R.,
Komacek T.D., Wallack N.L., Fu G.
<Astron. J., 165, 104 (2023)>
=2023AJ....165..104D 2023AJ....165..104D
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Photometry, infrared; Effective temperatures
Keywords: Exoplanet astronomy ; Exoplanet atmospheres ; Hot Jupiters ;
Infrared astronomy
Abstract:
We study the emergent spectral fluxes of transiting hot Jupiters,
using secondary eclipses from Spitzer. To achieve a large and uniform
sample, we have reanalyzed all secondary eclipses for all hot Jupiters
observed by Spitzer at 3.6 and/or 4.5µm. Our sample comprises 457
eclipses of 122 planets, including eclipses of 13 planets not
previously published. We use these eclipse depths to calculate the
spectral fluxes emergent from the exoplanetary atmospheres, and
thereby infer the temperatures and spectral properties of hot
Jupiters. We find that an abrupt rise in brightness temperature,
similar to a phase change, occurs on the dayside atmospheres of the
population at an equilibrium temperature between 1714 and 1818K (99%
confidence limits). The amplitude of the rise is 291±49K, and two
viable causes are the onset of magnetic drag that inhibits
longitudinal heat redistribution, and/or the rapid dissipation of
dayside clouds. We also study hot Jupiter spectral properties with
respect to metallicity and temperature inversions. Models exhibiting
4.5µm emission from temperature inversions reproduce our fluxes
statistically for the hottest planets, but the transition to emission
is gradual, not abrupt. The Spitzer fluxes are sensitive to
metallicity for planets cooler than ∼1200K, and most of the hot
Jupiter population falls between model tracks having solar to 30x
solar metallicity.
Description:
We have reanalyzed Spitzer's 3.6 and 4.5µm secondary eclipses of
hot Jupiters using one uniform method. Our sample comprises 457
eclipses of 122 planets.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 32 449 Eclipse depths and uncertainties for 3.6 and
4.5µm Spitzer observations
table2.dat 74 122 Emergent fluxes in the 3.6 and 4.5µm bands and
brightness temperatures
table3.dat 32 122 *Stellar and planetary temperatures and radii that
we adopted from TEPCat
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Note on table3.dat: These values are taken from TEPCat, except for
HD80606 and HAT-P-02, that are calculated day side temperatures at
eclipse from Mayorga+, 2021ApJ...915...41M 2021ApJ...915...41M.
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See also:
J/A+A/498/L5 : Photometry and spectroscopy of HD 80606b (Moutou+, 2009)
J/A+A/526/A130 : WASP-34b photometry and radial velocities (Smalley+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/426/739 : Velocities for 7 transiting hot Jupiters (Hellier+, 2012)
J/ApJ/788/92 : Hot Jupiter Kepler-13Ab planets occultation (Shporer+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/444/711 : Photometric distances of exoplanets (Triaud+, 2014)
J/ApJ/813/47 : Model atmospheres of irradiated exoplanets (Molliere+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/465/3693 : 7 WASP-South transiting exoplanets (Hellier+, 2017)
J/A+A/610/A20 : HITEP. II. Transiting exoplanets imaging (Evans+, 2018)
J/A+A/625/A80 : WASP-121b secondary eclipse in 2MASS K band (Kovacs+, 2019)
J/ApJ/874/L31 : Giant planet bulk & atmos. metallicities (Thorngren+, 2019)
J/AJ/161/51 : HST spectral light curve of HAT-P-41 (Sheppard+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/127 : Lightcurve phases 2nd year TESSprimary mission (Wong+, 2021)
J/ApJS/259/62 : TESS transit timing of hot Jupiters (Ivshina+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- Name Planet b name
12- 14 F3.1 um Wave [3.6/4.5] Bandpass central wavelength
16- 23 I8 --- AOR [227/71326208] Astronomical Observation Request
number
25- 28 I4 ppm Depth [-102/5901] Eclipse depth in parts-per-million (1)
30- 32 I3 ppm e_Depth [24/884] The 1-sigma uncertainty in Depth
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Note (1): WASP-033 depths are from Deming+, 2012ApJ...754..106D 2012ApJ...754..106D and
Zhang+, 2018AJ....155...83Z 2018AJ....155...83Z.
WASP-029 AOR 41631488 is averaged with 50668288.
WASP-029 AOR 40283392 is averaged with 41630720.
WASP-067 AOR 50666496 is averaged with 50666240.
HAT-P-12 AOR 50672128 is averaged with 36783616.
HAT-P-15 AOR 42618112 is averaged with 42621952 and 50672640.
HAT-P-15 AOR 42618368 is averaged with 42622720 and 50679808.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- Name Planet b name
12- 19 E8.2 mW/m2/Hz F3.6 [0/2e-05] Planet flux at 3.6 microns
21- 28 E8.2 mW/m2/Hz e_F3.6 [0/2e-06] The 1-sigma uncertainty in F3.6
30- 37 E8.2 mW/m2/Hz F4.5 [1e-07/2e-05] Planet flux at 4.5 microns
39- 46 E8.2 mW/m2/Hz e_F4.5 [4e-08/2e-06] The sigma uncertainty in F4.5
48- 51 I4 K Tb3.6 [0/4034] Brightness temperature at 3.6 microns
53- 55 I3 K E_Tb3.6 [0/320] Upper 1-sigma uncertainty in Tb3.6
57- 60 I4 K e_Tb3.6 [0/6162] Lower 1-sigma uncertainty in Tb3.6
62- 65 I4 K Tb4.5 [670/4372] Brightness temperature at 4.5 microns
67- 69 I3 K E_Tb4.5 [18/391] Upper 1-sigma uncertainty in Tb4.5
71- 74 I4 K e_Tb4.5 [18/1830] Lower 1-sigma uncertainty in Tb4.5
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- Name Planet b name
12- 16 F5.3 Rjup Rad [0.77/2.06] Planet radius in Jupiter radii
18- 21 I4 K Teq [736/3921] Planet equilibrium temperature
23- 27 F5.3 Rsun R* [0.593/2.69] Stellar radius
29- 32 I4 K Teff [4145/9600] Stellar effective temperature
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 13-Jun-2023