J/AJ/165/176 Doppler constraints companions to Sun-like stars (Laliotis+, 2023)
Doppler Constraints on Planetary Companions to Nearby Sun-like Stars; An
Archival Radial Velocity Survey of Southern Targets for Proposed NASA Direct
Imaging Missions.
Laliotis K., Burt J.A., Mamajek E.E., Li Z., Perdelwitz V., Zhao J.,
Butler R.P., Holden B., Rosenthal L., Fulton B.J., Feng F., Kane S.R.,
Bailey J., Carter B., Crane J.D., Furlan E., Gnilka C.L., Howell S.B.,
Laughlin G., Shectman S.A., Teske J.K., Tinney C.G., Vogt S.S., Wang S.X.,
Wittenmyer R.A.
<Astron. J., 165, 176 (2023)>
=2023AJ....165..176L 2023AJ....165..176L
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Stars, G-type; Spectra, optical; Stars, masses
Keywords: Exoplanet astronomy ; Exoplanet systems ; Radial velocity
Abstract:
Directly imaging temperate rocky planets orbiting nearby, Sun-like
stars with a 6m class IR/O/UV space telescope, recently dubbed the
Habitable Worlds Observatory, is a high-priority goal of the Astro2020
Decadal Survey. To prepare for future direct imaging (DI) surveys, the
list of potential targets should be thoroughly vetted to maximize
efficiency and scientific yield. We present an analysis of archival
radial velocity data for southern stars from the NASA/NSF Extreme
Precision Radial Velocity (EPRV) Working Group's list of high-priority
target stars for future DI missions (drawn from the HabEx, LUVOIR, and
Starshade Rendezvous studies). For each star, we constrain the region
of companion mass and period parameter space we are already sensitive
to based on the observational baseline, sampling, and precision of the
archival radial velocity (RV) data. Additionally, for some of the
targets, we report new estimates of magnetic activity cycle periods,
rotation periods, improved orbital parameters for previously known
exoplanets, and new candidate planet signals that require further
vetting or observations to confirm. Our results show that for many of
these stars we are not yet sensitive to even Saturn-mass planets in
the habitable zone, let alone smaller planets, highlighting the need
for future EPRV vetting efforts before the launch of a DI mission. We
present evidence that the candidate temperate super-Earth exoplanet
HD85512b is most likely due to the star's rotation, and report an RV
acceleration for δPav that supports the existence of a distant
giant planet previously inferred from astrometry.
Description:
In this work, we include data sets consisting of unbinned radial
velocity measurements from five different instruments: High Accuracy
Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) on the ESO 3.6m telescope,
High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES) on the 10m KeckI
telescope, the Levy spectrometer on the 2.4m Automated Planet Finder
(APF) telescope, Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) on the 6.5m Magellan
Clay telescope, and University College London Echelle Spectrograph
(UCLES) on the 3.9m Anglo-Australian Telescope.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 63 49 Sample and stellar parameters
table3.dat 101 59412 Full timeseries data for each target star
table4.dat 117 60 Keplerian radial velocity signals identified by
RVSearch
table6.dat 47 65 S-index signals identified by RVSearch
table7.dat 58 28 Ha signals identified by RVSearch
table8.dat 52 6 Speckle imaging results
table9.dat 143 27 Updated parameters for previously reported
exoplanets
table12.dat 52 46 Radial velocity sensitivity
refs.dat 70 47 References used
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
B/sb9 : 9th Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (Pourbaix+ 2004-2014)
B/gcvs : General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+, 2007-2017)
B/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2020)
III/150 : Perkins Revised MK Types for the Cooler Stars (Keenan+ 1989)
III/159 : Ca II H and K Measurements Made at MWO (Duncan+ 1991)
V/70 : Nearby Stars, Preliminary 3rd Version (Gliese+ 1991)
I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)
I/329 : URAT1 Catalog (Zacharias+ 2015)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
I/349 : StarHorse, Gaia DR2 photo-astrometric distances (Anders+, 2019)
IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)
V/122 : SB9; 9th Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (Pourbaix+ 2005)
J/ApJ/457/L99 : 25yr CaII-HK observations F-K nearby stars (Baliunas+, 1996)
J/AJ/121/2148 : Precise spectral types for 372 A, F & G stars (Gray+, 2001)
J/A+A/394/927 : Age-metallicity relation for nearby stars (Ibukiyama+, 2002)
J/AJ/126/2048 : NStars project; the Northern Sample. I. (Gray+, 2003)
J/A+A/418/551 : Galactic disk stars abunds & velocities (Mishenina+, 2004)
J/A+A/426/1007 : Abundances of 8 single-lined active binaries (Morel+, 2004)
J/A+A/415/1153 : [Fe/H] for 98 extra-solar planet-host stars (Santos+, 2004)
J/A+A/438/139 : Abundances in Milky Way's disk (Soubiran+, 2005)
J/PASJ/57/27 : Atmospheric parameters of nearby F-K stars (Takeda+, 2005)
J/ApJS/159/141 : Spectroscopic properties of cool stars. I. (Valenti+, 2005)
J/ApJ/646/505 : Catalog of nearby exoplanets (Butler+, 2006)
J/AJ/132/161 : NStars project; The southern sample. I. (Gray+, 2006)
J/A+A/469/309 : Chromospheric activity late-type stars (Cincunegui+, 2007)
J/A+A/492/277 : Analysis of Collinder 69 stars with VOSA (Bayo+, 2008)
J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)
J/A+A/487/373 : Spectroscopic parameters 451 HARPS-GTO stars (Sousa+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/403/1368 : Li abundances & vsini star-planet systems (Gonzalez+, 2010)
J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)
J/ApJ/708/1366 : Radial velocities for 61 Vir (Vogt+, 2010)
J/A+A/530/A138 : Geneva-Copenhagen survey re-analysis (Casagrande+, 2011)
J/A+A/535/A55 : 4 stars with long-period planets (Dumusque+, 2011)
J/AJ/141/45 : Speckle observations of HIP stars (Horch+, 2011)
J/AJ/142/19 : Speckle observations of KOI (Howell+, 2011)
J/A+A/534/A58 : HD20794, HD85512, HD192310 HARPS RVels (Pepe+, 2011)
J/ApJ/743/48 : Stars with rotation periods & X-ray lum (Wright+, 2011)
J/A+A/545/A32 : Chemical abundances of 1111 FGK stars (Adibekyan+, 2012)
J/A+A/542/A116 : Rotation in A-F stars (Ammler-von Eiff+, 2012)
J/ApJ/759/19 : Precise radial velocities of ρ1 Cancri (Endl+, 2012)
J/A+A/541/A40 : Metallicity of solar-type stars (Maldonado+, 2012)
J/A+A/547/A106 : Li abundances in the FGK dwarfs (Mishenina+, 2012)
J/ApJ/756/46 : Lithium abundances in HIP stars (Ramirez+, 2012)
J/A+A/555/A11 : DUNES survey observational results (Eiroa+, 2013)
J/ApJ/768/25 : Spitzer & Herschel observations debris disks (Gaspar+, 2013)
J/AJ/145/41 : Radial velocities 33 spectroscopic binaries (Katoh+, 2013)
J/A+A/554/A84 : Abundances of evolved stars (Maldonado+, 2013)
J/ApJ/763/L26 : SMARTS observations of eps Eridani (Metcalfe+, 2013)
J/ApJ/764/78 : Oxygen abundances in nearby FGK stars (Ramirez+, 2013)
J/A+A/560/A4 : Rotation periods of active Kepler stars (Reinhold+, 2013)
J/ApJ/764/3 : Hα indices in M low-mass stars (Robertson+, 2013)
J/A+A/555/A150 : Physical parameters cool solar-type stars (Tsantaki+, 2013)
J/A+A/552/A78 : Solar like stars radial velocities (Zechmeister+, 2013)
J/A+A/566/A66 : Correlation logRHK with logIHα (Gomes da Silva+, 2014)
J/A+A/564/A133 : Gaia FGK benchmark stars; metallicity (Jofre+, 2014)
J/ApJ/785/33 : High quality Spitzer/MIPS obs. F4-K2 stars (Sierchio+, 2014)
J/AJ/147/86 : From binaries to multiples I. FG-67 sample (Tokovinin, 2014)
J/MNRAS/441/2361 : Stellar magnetism, age and rotation (Vidotto+, 2014)
J/A+A/580/A24 : Abundances in dwarfs, subgiants, & giants (da Silva+, 2015)
J/ApJ/812/12 : S-index and Stroemgren LC of HD30495 (Egeland+, 2015)
J/A+A/582/A81 : Gaia FGK benchmark stars; abundances (Jofre+, 2015)
J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)
J/A+A/591/A34 : Chemical abundances of zeta Reticuly (Adibekyan+, 2016)
J/ApJS/225/32 : Extended abundance analysis of cool stars (Brewer+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/462/2295 : 25 parsec local white dwarf population (Holberg+, 2016)
J/A+A/587/A131 : Solar twins in the ELODIE archive (Mahdi+, 2016)
J/A+A/588/A98 : Metallicities & abundances evolved stars (Maldonado+, 2016)
J/AJ/153/208 : LCES HIRES/Keck radial velocity Exoplanet (Butler+, 2017)
J/ApJ/848/34 : CATalog of Stellar Unified Properties (Hinkel+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/21 : Abundances in local region II. F, G, & Kdwarfs (Luck+, 2017)
J/A+A/597/A52 : K & Gdwarfs stellar granulation variability (Meunier+, 2017)
J/A+A/614/A55 : Li abundance in dwarfs & subgiants (Aguilera-Gomez+, 2018)
J/A+A/616/A108 : Cool stars chromospheric activity cat. (Boro Saikia+, 2018)
J/A+A/619/A1 : 55 Cnc radial velocities and photometry (Bourrier+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/126 : Radial velocities & photometry K dwarf HD26965 (Diaz+, 2018)
J/A+A/619/L10 : pi Men radial velocity curves (Gandolfi+, 2018)
J/A+A/619/A81 : Multiplicity among solar-type stars. IV. (Halbwachs+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/479/1332 : Binaries with F, G or K primaries & M dwarfs (Montes+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/39 : KELT Variability properties TIC sources (Oelkers+, 2018)
J/ApJ/855/75 : 24 years monitoring of Sun & Sun-like stars (Radick+, 2018)
J/A+A/615/A76 : Spectroscopic parameters of stars (SPECIES) I. (Soto+, 2018)
J/A+A/616/A7 : Gaia DR2 radial velocity standard stars (Soubiran+, 2018)
J/A+A/620/A58 : SWEET-Cat updated (Sousa+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/474/2580 : Temporal evolution neutron-capture elements (Spina+, 2018)
J/A+A/624/A78 : Masses & ages of 1059 HARPS-GTO stars (Delgado Mena+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/482/4570 : Gaia DR2 white dwarf candidates (Gentile Fusillo+, 2019)
J/A+A/623/A72 : Binarity of Hipparcos star Gaia pm anomaly (Kervella+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/33 : Radial velocity exploration ε Eridani (Mawet+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/490/5088 : Stellar companions of exoplanet host stars (Mugrauer, 2019)
J/ApJS/241/12 : Asteroseismic Target List (ATL) for TESS (Schofield+, 2019)
J/A+A/639/A127 : Age-chemical-clocks-metallicity relations (Casali+, 2020)
J/A+A/641/A110 : Chromospheric activity nearby Sun-like stars (Gondoin, 2020)
J/A+A/639/A35 : RV jitter & photometric var correlation (Hojjatpanah+, 2020)
J/AJ/160/129 : HARPS, HIRES & AAT Radial Velocities HD136352 (Kane+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/235 : Radial Velocity jitters ∼600 planet host stars (Luhn+, 2020)
J/A+A/640/A81 : Abundances of 72 solar-type stars (Nissen+, 2020)
J/ApJS/246/4 : Cat. of ultrawide binary stars from Gaia DR2 (Tian+, 2020)
J/A+A/636/A74 : HARPS radial velocity database (Trifonov+, 2020)
J/AJ/161/10 : Radial velocities for 4 host stars (Burt+, 2021)
J/other/NatAs/5.775 : nu2 Lupi CHEOPS light curves (Delrez+, 2021)
J/A+A/645/L6 : zet01 Ret and zet02 activity indexes (Flores+, 2021)
J/A+A/646/A77 : Chromospheric activity AMBRE-HARPS (Gomes da Silva+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/295 : Differential Speckle Survey Instrument. X. (Horch+, 2021)
J/A+A/652/A116 : CARMENES time-resolved CaII H&K catalog (Perdelwitz+, 2021)
J/AJ/163/295 : Radial velocity & astrometry for µ Arae (Benedict+, 2022)
J/A+A/657/A125 : KI diagnostic capabilities for M dwarfs (Fuhrmeister+, 2022)
J/AJ/163/223 : Radial velocity study of π Mensae (Hatzes+, 2022)
J/A+A/657/A7 : Stellar & substellar companions Gaia EDR3 (Kervella+, 2022)
J/A+A/658/A57 : F-G-K stars activity indicators (Meunier+, 2022)
J/A+A/663/A4 : Mean PASTEL atmospheric parameters (Soubiran+, 2022)
http://ebps.carnegiescience.edu/ : The earthbound planet search database
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- HD Henry Draper identifier
10- 13 A4 --- GJ Gliese Catalogue of nearby stars identifier
15- 18 I4 K Teff [4400/6169] Surface effective temperature
20- 23 F4.2 [cm/s2] logg [3.64/4.92] log, surface gravity
25- 29 F5.2 [-] [Fe/H] [-0.66/0.46] Metallicity
31- 32 I2 --- r_[Fe/H] Reference for Metallicity
34- 50 A17 --- SpT Spectral Type
52- 53 I2 --- r_SpT [2/20] Reference for SpT?
55- 60 F6.3 [Lsun] [Lum] [-0.81/0.78] log, luminosity, solar units
62- 63 I2 --- r_[Lum] [3/27] Reference for [Lum] (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): For [Lum] reference 25 means that the luminosity for this
star was calculated using the Virtual Observatory SED Analyzer version
7.0 (VOSA) assuming zero extinction, logg=4.0, and BT-Settl-AGSS2009
model spectra. This produces a best fit log(L/Lsun) value of
+0.5407±0.0065 for HD2151.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- HD Henry Draper identifier
10- 22 F13.5 d BJD [2450277/2459361] Barycentric Julian Date at TBD
24- 31 F8.2 m/s RVel [-5628/4997] Radial velocity
33- 37 F5.2 m/s e_RVel [0.1/34] Uncertainty in RVel
39- 48 A10 --- Inst Instrument for RVel
50- 56 F7.4 --- SHK [0.01/12.3]? Mt. Wilson CaII HK activity index
58- 64 A7 --- e_SHK ? Uncertainty in SHK (1)
66- 72 F7.4 0.1pm EWHa [0.49/0.76]? Equivalent width, Hα, 0.1Å
74- 81 F8.5 0.1pm e_EWHa [0.0007/0.02]? Uncertainty in EWHa
83-101 A19 --- File Filename (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Monte Carlo S-index errors for the HARPS data alongside the
photon-noise limited errors derived from the HIRES, PFS, and APF
data. These errors should not be (and are not here) used in
analysis, as they result in an uneven weighting in favor of the
iodine-based instruments. Empirical S-index errors (used in this
work) are described in Section 3.2.
Note (2): The filenames are unique identifiers for the original
observation files in the Earth Bound Planet Search database
(http://ebps.carnegiescience.edu/). They correspond either to
"rq45.152" type identifiers, which are an internal cataloging system
or date-time strings that are the first 19 characters of the ESO
archive file name for each HARPS observation.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- HD Henry Draper identifier
10- 12 A3 --- Sig Radial Velocity Signal ID
14- 25 F12.6 d Per [0.73/88080]? Orbital period, days
27- 38 F12.6 d e_Per [5e-06/46000]? Uncertainty in Per
40- 47 F8.3 m/s K [0.43/5691]? semi-amplitude
49- 55 F7.3 m/s e_K [0.07/750]? Uncertainty in K
57- 62 F6.4 --- e [0.006/0.89]? Orbital eccentricity
64- 69 F6.4 --- e_e [0.0003/0.3]? Uncertainty in e
71- 79 F9.2 Mgeo Mass [1.86/201859]? Minimum mass
81- 88 F8.2 Mgeo E_Mass [0.3/79294]? Upper uncertainty in Mass
90- 97 F8.2 Mgeo e_Mass [0.2/71307]? Lower uncertainty in Mass
99-107 E9.3 --- FAP [5e-131/1e-3]? False Alarm Probability (1)
109-117 A9 --- Class Classification of each signal (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): FAP values were truncated by VizieR team
Note (2): Classification as follows:
KP = Known Planet;
Candidate = promising planet candidate signal;
Binary = Binary Star;
SRC = Source Requiring Confirmation;
ACT-R = Stellar Rotation;
ACT-M = Magnetic Activity Cycle;
LPS = Long Period Signal that does not return a well sampled
posterior and therefore lacks a full orbital solution
prompting us to report only the initial ΔBIC
periodogram peak;
FP = False positive from aliasing or window function of another detection;
* = This signal was reported as a planet in other previous works
but we believe it to be stellar in nature, see corresponding
discussion sections for details.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- HD Henry Draper identifier
10- 13 A4 --- Sig Radial Velocity Signal ID
15- 15 A1 --- f_Sig Flag on ID (1)
17- 23 F7.2 d Per [2.09/6811]? Orbital period
25- 31 F7.2 d e_Per [0/1600]? Uncertainty in Per
33- 39 F7.5 --- SHK [0.003/0.29]? Mt. Wilson CaII HK activity index
41- 47 F7.5 --- e_SHK [0.0008/0.2]? Uncertainty in SHK
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Signals with a * designation failed to return well
constrained MCMC results, and so we instead report the MAP fits
for their orbital periods.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- HD Henry Draper identifier
10- 12 A3 --- Sig Radial Velocity Signal ID
14- 14 A1 --- f_Sig Flag on ID (1)
16- 24 F9.3 d Per [19/30889]? Orbital period
26- 31 F6.1 d PPer [5293/7653]? period of the original peak
33- 39 F7.2 d e_Per [0.02/2100]? Uncertainty in Per
41- 50 F10.8 0.1pm EWHa [0.001/0.02]? Equivalent width, Hα, 0.1Å
52- 58 F7.5 0.1pm e_EWHa [0.0002/0.005]? Uncertainty in EWHa
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): We report the period and EWHα semi-amplitude of each
signal. For signal interpretations, see each stars individual
discussion section. Systems with a * designation failed to return
well constrained MCMC results, generally producing period
uncertainties larger than the median period value, and so we
instead report their MAP orbital solutions. In three cases, even
the MAP period for the long period signal is more than 3x larger
than the significant peak in the ΔBIC periodogram and so we
note the period of the original peak in "peakPer".
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 I6 --- HD Henry Draper identifier
8- 14 A7 --- Inst Instrument
16- 19 I4 yr Obs.Y [2020/2021] Observation year
21- 23 A3 "month" Obs.M Observation month
25- 26 I2 d Obs.D Observation day
28- 31 F4.2 mag dm562-0.1 [4.31/5.02]? instrumental magnitude difference
at 562nm and 0.1arcsec
33- 36 F4.2 mag dm562-1.1 [6.02/7.5]? instrumental magnitude difference
at 562nm and 1.1arcsec
38- 41 F4.2 mag dm832-0.1 [4.43/5.05] instrumental magnitude difference
at 832nm and 0.1arcsec
43- 46 F4.2 mag dm832-1.1 [7.79/9.33] instrumental magnitude difference
at 832nm and 1.1arcsec
48- 52 F5.2 --- Coeff [-0.68/-0.06]? Pearson coefficient value,
UCLES Radial velocities and Ha EWs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- HD Henry Draper identifier
10 A1 --- Sig Radial Velocity Signal ID
12 A1 --- f_HD Flag on ID (1)
14- 24 F11.6 d Per-New [0.73/4035]? Orbital period, New
26- 35 F10.6 d e_Per-New [5e-06/120]? Uncertainty in Per-New
37- 44 F8.3 m/s K-New [0.807/5691]? Semi-amplitude, New
46- 50 F5.3 m/s e_K-New [0.08/3]? Uncertainty in K-New
52- 57 F6.4 --- e-New [0.006/0.65]? Orbital eccentricity, New
59- 64 F6.4 --- e_e-New [0.0003/0.2]? Uncertainty in e-New
66- 77 F12.7 d Per-Old [0.73/3947]? Orbital period, Old
79- 88 F10.7 d E_Per-Old [1.3e-06/30]? Upper uncertainty in Per-Old
90- 99 F10.7 d e_Per-Old [1.4e-06/30]? Lower uncertainty in Per-Old
101-107 F7.3 m/s K-Old [0.6/377]? Semi-amplitude, Old
109-113 F5.3 m/s E_K-Old [0/3]? Upper uncertainty in K-Old
115-119 F5.3 m/s e_K-Old [0.1/3]? Lower uncertainty in K-Old
121-126 F6.4 --- e-Old [0/0.9]? Orbital eccentricity, Old
128-133 F6.4 --- E_e-Old [0/0.2]? Upper uncertainty in e-Old
135-140 F6.4 --- e_e-Old [0/0.3]? Lower uncertainty in e-Old
142-143 I2 --- Ref References
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): * = Additional signals detected in our best fit solution,
see Table 4 for additional information.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table12.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 I6 --- HD Henry Draper identifier
8- 11 A4 --- GJ Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars identifier
13- 18 F6.4 Msun Mass [0.69/1.3] Star Mass
20- 25 F6.4 Msun e_Mass [0.003/0.07] Uncertainty in Mass
27- 28 I2 --- r_Mass Reference for Mass
30- 35 F6.3 [Lsun] [Lum] [-0.81/0.78] Log, Stellar luminosity
37- 38 A2 --- r_[Lum] Reference for [Lum]
40- 44 F5.3 au EEID [0.39/2.46] Earth Equivalent Insolation Distance
46- 52 F7.1 Mgeo DopSens [3.7/17394] Doppler Sensitivity
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Ref [1/47] Reference code
4- 23 A20 --- Author Main author
25- 43 A19 --- BIB BIBcode
45- 60 A16 --- Cat. Catalog in VizieR
62- 70 A9 --- Note Additional note
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 11-Sep-2023