J/AJ/165/262 Scaling K2. VI. HIRES/isoclassify stellar parameters (Zink+, 2023)
Scaling K2.
VI. Reduced Small-planet Occurrence in High-galactic-amplitude Stars.
Zink J.K., Hardegree-Ullman K.K., Christiansen J.L., Petigura E.A.,
Boley K.M., Bhure S., Rice M., Yee S.W., Isaacson H., Fernandes R.B.,
Howard A.W., Blunt S., Lubin J., Chontos A., Pidhorodetska D.,
MacDougall M.G.
<Astron. J., 165, 262 (2023)>
=2023AJ....165..262Z 2023AJ....165..262Z
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Stars, dwarfs; Spectra, optical; Stars, ages;
Stars, diameters; Stars, masses; Effective temperatures
Keywords: Exoplanet catalogs ; Astrostatistics ; Galactic archaeology ;
Exoplanet formation ; Planet formation
Abstract:
In this study, we performed a homogeneous analysis of the planets
around FGK dwarf stars observed by the Kepler and K2 missions,
providing spectroscopic parameters for 310 K2 targets including 239
Scaling K2 hosts-observed with Keck/HIRES. For orbital periods less
than 40days, we found that the distribution of planets as a function
of orbital period, stellar effective temperature, and metallicity was
consistent between K2 and Kepler, reflecting consistent planet
formation efficiency across numerous ∼1kpc sight-lines in the local
Milky Way. Additionally, we detected a 3x excess of sub-Saturns
relative to warm Jupiters beyond 10days, suggesting a closer
association between sub-Saturn and sub-Neptune formation than between
sub-Saturn and Jovian formation. Performing a joint analysis of Kepler
and K2 demographics, we observed diminishing super-Earth, sub-Neptune,
and sub-Saturn populations at higher stellar effective temperatures,
implying an inverse relationship between formation and disk mass. In
contrast, no apparent host-star spectral-type dependence was
identified for our population of Jupiters, which indicates gas-giant
formation saturates within the FGK mass regimes. We present support
for stellar metallicity trends reported by previous Kepler analyses.
Using Gaia DR3 proper motion and radial velocity measurements, we
discovered a galactic location trend; stars that make large vertical
excursions from the plane of the Milky Way host fewer super-Earths and
sub-Neptunes. While oscillation amplitude is associated with
metallicity, metallicity alone cannot explain the observed trend,
demonstrating that galactic influences are imprinted on the planet
population. Overall, our results provide new insights into the
distribution of planets around FGK dwarf stars and the factors that
influence their formation and evolution.
Description:
Here, we carried out a homogeneous analysis of the Kepler and K2
planet population around FGK dwarfs. In concert, we provided
spectroscopic updates to 310 K2 targets using Keck/HIRES, refining the
parameters of the underlying stellar population
All K2 targets were observed using High Resolution Echelle
Spectrometer (HIRES) on Keck over the course of 2014-2023. Our quality
requirements are a signal-to-noise ratio≥45/px with a corresponding
R≥60000, achieved using the "C2" slit.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 107 310 List of HIRES/isoclassify stellar parameter updates
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See also:
J/AJ/128/1177 : Galactic stellar abundances (Venn+, 2004)
J/ApJ/622/1102 : The planet-metallicity correlation. (Fischer+, 2005)
J/A+A/487/373 : Spectroscopic parameters of 451 HARPS-GTO stars (Sousa+, 2008)
J/ApJ/720/1290 : Abundances of stars hosting planets (Ghezzi+, 2010)
J/ApJ/736/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. II. (Borucki+, 2011)
J/A+A/547/A36 : Chemical abundances of 87 KOIs (Adibekyan++, 2012)
J/other/Nat/486.375 : Stellar parameters of KOI stars (Buchhave+, 2012)
J/PASP/124/1279 : Q3 Kepler's combined photometry (Christiansen+, 2012)
J/ApJ/771/129 : Submillimetric Class II sources of Taurus (Andrews+, 2013)
J/ApJ/767/95 : Improved stellar param. of smallest KICstars (Dressing+, 2013)
J/ApJ/770/69 : Kepler planet candidates radii (Petigura+, 2013)
J/ApJ/795/64 : Catalog exoplanet physical parameters (Foreman-Mackey+, 2014)
J/A+A/574/A6 : Study 95 binaries closer than 18pc from the Sun (Agati+, 2015)
J/ApJ/809/8 : Terrestrial planet occurrence rates KOI stars (Burke+, 2015)
J/ApJ/810/95 : Kepler pipeline S/N studies II 2011 data (Christiansen+, 2015)
J/ApJ/807/45 : Potentially habit. planets orbiting Mdwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)
J/ApJS/217/31 : Kepler planetary candidates. VI. 4yr Q1-Q16 (Mullally+, 2015)
J/A+A/594/A100 : K2 new planetary and EB candidates (Barros+, 2016)
J/ApJS/226/7 : Planet cand. discovered using K2's 1st yr (Crossfield+, 2016)
J/ApJS/224/2 : K2 EPIC stellar properties for 138600 targets (Huber+, 2016)
J/A+A/587/A64 : Physical properties of giant exoplanets (Santerne+, 2016)
J/ApJS/222/14 : Planetary candidates from 1styr K2 mission (Vanderburg+, 2016)
J/AJ/154/207 : K2 planetary systems orbiting low-mass stars (Dressing+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey. III. Planet radii (Fulton+, 2017)
J/ApJ/838/25 : Hectochelle spectroscopy for 776 Kepler stars (Guo+, 2017)
J/ApJ/844/102 : KIC star plxs from asteroseismology vs Gaia (Huber+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey. I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/142 : Radial velocities systems hosting subSaturns (Petigura+, 2017)
J/ApJ/836/77 : Library of high-S/N optical spectra of FGKM stars (Yee+, 2017)
J/AJ/156/147 : RV and activity measurements of Kepler-1656 (Brady+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/78 : 44 validated planets from K2 Campaign 10 (Livingston+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/136 : Planets orbiting bright stars in K2 camp. 0-10 (Mayo+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/89 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). IV. Planets (Petigura+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/21 : Planet candidates from K2 campaigns 5-8 (Petigura+, 2018)
J/ApJS/235/38 : Kepler planetary cand VIII. DR25 reliability (Thompson+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/22 : Planetary candidates from K2 Campaign 16 (Yu+, 2018)
J/AJ/158/75 : Midtype Mdwarfs planet occur. rates (Hardegree-Ullman+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/109 : Occurrence rates of planets orbiting FGK stars (Hsu+, 2019)
J/ApJS/244/11 : Planet candidates and EBs in K2 campaigns 0-8 (Kruse+, 2019)
J/AJ/159/280 : Gaia-Kepler stellar properties.I. KIC stars (Berger+, 2020)
J/ApJS/247/28 : K2 star parameters from Gaia &LAMOST (Hardegree-Ullman+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/2 : K2-19b&c transit times and radial velocities (Petigura+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/154 : Exoplanet candidates in Campaign 5 of K2 mission (Zink+, 2020)
J/AJ/162/100 : PAST. II. LAMOST-Gaia-Kepler cat. of 35835 stars (Chen+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/125 : Transiting planets around halo stars. I. (Kolecki+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/259 : Scaling K2. IV. Campaigns 1-8 & 10-18 planets (Zink+, 2021)
J/AJ/163/179 : The California-Kepler Survey. X. (Petigura+, 2022)
J/AJ/164/104 : NEID and HIRES radial velocity of TOI-1478 (Rice+, 2022)
J/AJ/163/128 : Abundances in 1018 KOIs and their planets (Wilson+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 I9 --- EPIC EPIC identifier
11- 14 I4 K Teff [4008/6717] Effective temperature
16- 18 I3 K e_Teff [70/110] Uncertainty in Teff
20- 24 F5.2 [Sun] [Fe/H] [-0.65/0.45] Metallicity
26- 29 F4.2 [Sun] e_[Fe/H] [0.06/0.09] Uncertainty in [Fe/H]
31- 35 F5.2 Gyr Age [0.11/19.5] Isoclassify derived age
37- 40 F4.2 Gyr E_Age [0/7.3] Upper uncertainty in Age
42- 45 F4.2 Gyr e_Age [0/8.41] Lower uncertainty in Age
47- 50 F4.2 Msun Mass [0.56/1.63] Isoclassify derived mass
52- 55 F4.2 Msun E_Mass [0/0.07] Upper uncertainty in Mass
57- 60 F4.2 Msun e_Mass [0.0/0.2] Lower uncertainty in Mass
62- 65 F4.2 Rsun Rad [0.55/2.58] Isoclassify derived radius
67- 70 F4.2 Rsun E_Rad [0/0.07] Upper uncertainty in Rad
72- 75 F4.2 Rsun e_Rad [0/0.2] Lower uncertainty in Rad
77- 80 F4.2 [cm/s2] logg [3.74/4.7] Isoclassify derived surface gravity
82- 85 F4.2 [cm/s2] E_logg [0/0.09] Upper uncertainty in logg
87- 90 F4.2 [cm/s2] e_logg [0/0.05] Lower uncertainty in logg
92- 95 F4.2 g/cm3 rho [0.08/3.26] Isoclassify derived density
97-100 F4.2 g/cm3 E_rho [0/0.7] Upper uncertainty in rho
102-105 F4.2 g/cm3 e_rho [0/0.3] Lower uncertainty in rho
107-107 A1 --- Host [0/1] Host code (1)
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Note (1): Code as follows:
0 = non hosting star (71 occurrences)
1 = planet hosting star (239 occurrences)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Hardegree-Ullman et al. Paper I : 2020ApJS..247...28H 2020ApJS..247...28H Cat. J/ApJS/247/28
Zink et al. Paper II : 2020AJ....159..154Z 2020AJ....159..154Z Cat. J/AJ/159/154
Zink etl al. Paper III : 2020AJ....160...94Z 2020AJ....160...94Z
Zink et al. Paper IV : 2021AJ....162..259Z 2021AJ....162..259Z Cat. J/AJ/162/259
Christiansen et al. Paper V : 2022AJ....163..244C 2022AJ....163..244C
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 12-Oct-2023