J/AJ/165/33 HIRES TOI-1136s planets and planet b radial velocities (Dai+, 2023)
TOI-1136 is a Young, Coplanar, Aligned Planetary System in a Pristine Resonant
Chain.
Dai F., Masuda K., Beard C., Robertson P., Goldberg M., Batygin K.,
Bouma L., Lissauer J.J., Knudstrup E., Albrecht S., Howard A.W.,
Knutson H.A., Petigura E.A., Weiss L.M., Isaacson H., Kristiansen M.H.,
Osborn H., Wang S., Wang X.-Y., Behmard A., Greklek-McKeon M.,
Vissapragada S., Batalha N.M., Brinkman C.L., Chontos A., Crossfield I.,
Dressing C., Fetherolf T., Fulton B., Hill M.L., Huber D., Kane S.R.,
Lubin J., MacDougall M., Mayo A., Mocnik T., Akana Murphy J.M.,
Rubenzahl R.A., Scarsdale N., Tyler D., Van Zandt J., Polanski A.S.,
Schwengeler H.M., Terentev I.A., Benni P., Bieryla A., Ciardi D., Falk B.,
Furlan E., Girardin E., Guerra P., Hesse K.M., Howell S.B., Lillo-Box J.,
Matthews E.C., Twicken J.D., Villasenor J., Latham D.W., Jenkins J.M.,
Ricker G.R., Seager S., Vanderspek R., Winn J.N.
<Astron. J., 165, 33 (2023)>
=2023AJ....165...33D 2023AJ....165...33D
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Stars, G-type; Spectra, optical; Radial velocities
Keywords: Exoplanet dynamics ; Exoplanet evolution ; Exoplanet migration ;
Exoplanet formation
Abstract:
Convergent disk migration has long been suspected to be responsible
for forming planetary systems with a chain of mean-motion resonances
(MMRs). Dynamical evolution over time could disrupt the delicate
resonant configuration. We present TOI-1136, a 700±150Myr old
G-star hosting at least six transiting planets between ∼2 and 5
R⊕. The orbital period ratios deviate from exact
commensurability by only 10-4, smaller than the ∼10-2 deviations
seen in typical Kepler near-resonant systems. A transit-timing
analysis measured the masses of the planets (3-8M⊕) and
demonstrated that the planets in TOI-1136 are in true resonances with
librating resonant angles. Based on a Rossiter-McLaughlin measurement
of planet d, the star's rotation appears to be aligned with the
planetary orbital planes. The well-aligned planetary system and the
lack of a detected binary companion together suggest that TOI-1136's
resonant chain formed in an isolated, quiescent disk with no stellar
flyby, disk warp, or significant axial asymmetry. With period ratios
near 3:2, 2:1, 3:2, 7:5, and 3:2, TOI-1136 is the first known resonant
chain involving a second-order MMR (7:5) between two first-order MMRs.
The formation of the delicate 7:5 resonance places strong constraints
on the system's migration history. Short-scale (starting from ∼0.1au)
Type-I migration with an inner disk edge is most consistent with the
formation of TOI-1136. A low disk surface density
(Σ1au≲103g/cm2; lower than the minimum-mass solar nebula) and
the resultant slower migration rate likely facilitated the formation
of the 7:5 second-order MMR.
Description:
We observed TOI-1136 with the HIgh-REsolution Spectrograph (HIRES) on
the 10m Keck I telescope (Keck/HIRES) on the night of UTC 2022 March
11 during a transit of TOI-1136d as part of the TESS Keck Survey
(TKS). Each exposure lasted about 500s and reached a median S/N of 200
per reduced pixel near 5500Å.
Objects:
-----------------------------------------------
RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
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12 48 44.37 +64 51 19.1 TOI-1136 = AG+65 617
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table5.dat 33 23 Keck/HIRES radial velocities during TOI-1136d
transit (a)
table6.dat 33 30 Keck/HIRES radial velocities during TOI-1136d
transit (b)
table7.dat 33 26 Keck/HIRES radial velocities during TOI-1136d
transit (c)
table8.dat 24 34 Measured mid-transit times of TOI-1136 planets (a)
table9.dat 24 52 Measured mid-transit times of TOI-1136 planets (b)
table10.dat 322 6 Planetary parameters of TOI-1136
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See also:
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)
J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)
J/ApJ/720/1118 : i-band photometry of HAT-P-16 (Buchhave+, 2010)
J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)
J/ApJ/719/890 : Keck radial velocities of GJ 876 (Rivera+, 2010)
J/other/Nat/486.375 : Stellar parameters of KOI stars (Buchhave+, 2012)
J/ApJ/750/114 : Kepler TTVs. IV. 4 multiple-planet systems (Fabrycky+, 2012)
J/ApJ/790/146 : Planets in Kepler's multi-transiting systems (Fabrycky+, 2014)
J/ApJ/787/80 : 139 Kepler planets transit time variations (Hadden+, 2014)
J/A+A/583/A73 : Color-period diagram for M48 (NGC2548) (Barnes+, 2015)
J/ApJS/226/7 : Planet candidates discovered using K2 1 yr (Crossfield+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/105 : Kepler-80 transit timing observations (MacDonald+, 2016)
J/ApJ/842/83 : Praesepe members rot periods from K2 LCs (Douglas+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey. III. Planet radii (Fulton+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/5 : Transit timing variations 145 Kepler planets (Hadden+, 2017)
J/ApJ/844/102 : KIC star parallaxes from asteroseismology/Gaia (Huber+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey. I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017)
J/ApJ/855/115 : Lithium abundances of KOIs from CKS spectra (Berger+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/264 : California-Kepler Survey. VII. Planet rad gap (Fulton+, 2018)
J/ApJ/856/23 : BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN Σ algorithm (Gagne+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/106 : New Doppler velocity measurement of GJ876 (Millholland+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/254 : California-Kepler Survey.VI.multis & singles (Weiss+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/48 : California-Kepler Survey. V. Masses and radii (Weiss+, 2018)
J/ApJ/879/49 : Rot periods for 171 Gaia members of NGC 6811 (Curtis+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/491/5287 : Exoplanet evaporation multitransiting systems (Owen+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/19 : SOAR TESS survey. I. (Ziegler+, 2020)
J/AJ/162/197 : Photometry, rotation & Li open cluster NCG2516 (Bouma+, 2021)
J/ApJS/254/39 : Exoplanet candidates from TESS first 2yr obs (Guerrero+, 2021)
J/A+A/649/A26 : TOI-178 six transiting planets (Leleu+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/171 : THYME. V. Discover new stellar association (Tofflemire+, 2021)
J/AJ/164/215 : Candidate members of Cep-Her, RSG-5 and CH-2 (Bouma+, 2022)
J/A+A/657/A7 : Stellar & substellar comp from Gaia EDR3 (Kervella+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[567].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 20 F20.12 d BJD Barycentric Julian Date
22- 28 F7.2 m/s RVel Radial velocity
30- 33 F4.2 m/s e_RVel Error on RVel
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[89].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1 A1 --- Planet Planet identifier
3- 5 I3 --- Epoch Epoch
7- 15 F9.4 d BJD Mid-transit time; BJD-2457000
17- 22 F6.4 d e_BJD Error on BJD
24 I1 --- f_Planet ? Flag (1)
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Note (1): Flags as follows:
1 = From HARPS RM measurement (not included in our TTV modeling)
2 = From HIRES RM measurement
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table10.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1 A1 --- Planet Planet identifier
3- 9 F7.5 --- Rp/R* [0.01/0.05] Planet/stars radius ratio
11- 16 E6.2 --- e_Rp/R* [0.0005/0.002] Negative error on Rp/R*
18- 23 E6.2 --- E_Rp/R* [0.0005/0.002] Positive error on Rp/R*
25- 29 F5.3 --- b [0.15/0.71] Impact parameter
31- 36 E6.2 --- e_b [0.05/0.2] Negative error on b
38- 43 E6.2 --- E_b [0.04/0.2] Positive error on b
45- 49 F5.2 --- a/R* [11.2/50.6] Scaled semimajor axis
51- 57 E7.2 --- e_a/R* [0.2/2] Negative error on a/R*
59- 65 E7.2 --- E_a/R* [0.2/2] Positive error on a/R*
67- 70 F4.2 hr Tdur [2.07/5.8] Transit duration
72- 77 E6.2 hr e_Tdur [0.07/0.3] Negative error on Tdur
79- 84 E6.2 hr E_Tdur [0.01/0.3] Positive error on Tdur
86- 90 F5.2 deg i [86.4/89.7] Orbital inclination
92- 97 E6.2 deg e_i [0.1/0.6] Negative error on i
99-104 E6.2 deg E_i [0.1/0.4] Positive error on i
106-115 F10.8 --- Mp/M* [8e-06/3e-05] Planet/Star mass ratio
117-123 E7.2 --- e_Mp/M* [2e-06/1e-05] Negative error on Mp/M*
125-131 E7.2 --- E_Mp/M* [2e-06/2e-05] Positive error on Mp/M*
133-140 F8.5 d Porb [4.17/40] Orbital period
142-148 E7.2 d e_Porb [0.0001/0.003] Negative error on Porb
150-156 E7.2 d E_Porb [0.0001/0.004] Positive Error on Porb
158-161 I4 deg M [-113/170] Mean anomaly
163-169 E7.2 deg e_M [8/74] Negative error on M
171-177 E7.2 deg E_M [5/59] Positive error on M
179-183 F5.3 --- e [0.01/0.12] Orbital eccentriciy
185-191 E7.2 --- e_e [0.009/0.03] Negative error on e
193-199 E7.2 --- E_e [0.01/0.04] Positive error on e
201-203 I3 deg omega [45/140] Argument of pericenter (ω)
205-211 E7.2 deg e_omega [4/99] Negative error on omega
213-219 E7.2 deg E_omega [7/89] Positive error on omega
221-226 F6.4 --- ecosw [0.002/0.05] Ecceentricity vector (ecosω)
228-233 F6.4 deg e_ecosw [0.01/0.02] Negative error on ecosw
235-240 F6.4 deg E_ecosw [0.006/0.03] Positive error on ecosw
242-247 F6.4 deg esinw [0.001/0.2] Eccentricity vector (esinω)
249-254 F6.4 deg e_esinw [0.007/0.03] Negative error on esinw
256-261 F6.4 deg E_esinw [0.01/0.04] Positive error on esinw
263 I1 deg OMEGA [0] Longitude of ascending node (fixed)
265-266 I2 deg if [90] Orbitale inclination (fixed)
268 I1 deg lambda [5]? Sky-projected stellar obliquity
270 I1 deg e_lambda [5]? Error on lambda
272 A1 --- l_psi [<]? Limit sign on psi
274-281 A8 deg psi ? Stellar obliquity (ψ)
283-285 F3.1 km/s vsini* [6.7]? Stellar rotational broadening
287-289 F3.1 km/s e_vsini* [0.6]? Error on vsini*
291-295 F5.3 Rgeo Rad [1.9/4.63] Planetary radius
297-301 F5.3 Rgeo e_Rad [0.06/0.2] Negative error on Rad
303-307 F5.3 Rgeo E_Rad [0.06/0.3] Psotive error on Rad
309-312 F4.2 Mgeo Mass [3.01/8.3] Planetary mass
314-317 F4.2 Mgeo e_Mass [0.8/4] Negative error on Mass
319-322 F4.2 Mgeo E_Mass [0.7/5] Positive error on Mass
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 13-Nov-2023