J/AJ/166/260 Wolf 359 Keck/HIRES & MAROONX radial velocity (Bowens-Rubin+, 2023)
A Wolf 359 in Sheep's Clothing: Hunting for Substellar Companions in the Fifth-
closest System Using Combined High-contrast Imaging and Radial Velocity
Analysis.
Bowens-Rubin R., Akana Murphy J.M., Hinz P.M., Limbach M.A., Seifahrt A.,
Kiman R., Salama M., Mukherjee S., Brady M., Carter A.L., Jensen-Clem R.,
van Kooten M.A.M., Isaacson H., Kosiarek M., Bean J.L., Kasper D.,
Luque R., Stefansson G., Sturmer J.
<Astron. J., 166, 260 (2023)>
=2023AJ....166..260B 2023AJ....166..260B
ADC_Keywords: Stars, M-type; Exoplanets; Spectra, optical; Radial velocities
Keywords: Coronagraphic imaging ; Direct imaging ; M stars ; Radial
velocity ; Exoplanets ; Cold Neptunes
Abstract:
Wolf-359 (CN-Leo, GJ-406, Gaia-DR3-3864972938605115520) is a low-mass
star in the fifth-closest neighboring system (2.41pc). Because of its
relative youth and proximity, Wolf-359 offers a unique opportunity to
study substellar companions around M-stars using infrared
high-contrast imaging and radial velocity monitoring. We present the
results of Ms-band (4.67µm) vector vortex coronagraphic imaging
using Keck-NIRC2 and add 12 Keck-HIRES and 68 MAROON-X velocities to
the radial velocity baseline. Our analysis incorporates these data
alongside literature radial velocities from CARMENES, the High
Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher, and Keck-HIRES to rule out
the existence of a close (a<10 au) stellar or brown dwarf companion
and the majority of large gas giant companions. Our survey does not
refute or confirm the long-period radial velocity candidate, Wolf-359b
(P∼2900days), but rules out the candidate's existence as a large gas
giant (>4MJup) assuming an age of younger than 1Gyr. We discuss the
performance of our high- contrast imaging survey to aid future
observers using Keck-NIRC2 in conjunction with the vortex coronagraph
in the Ms band and conclude by exploring the direct imaging
capabilities with JWST to observe Jupiter- and Neptune-mass planets
around Wolf-359.
Description:
We present 12 Keck-HIRES high-precision RV measurements gathered by
the California Planet Search (CPS) team between 2017 December 25 and
2022 January 13 (UT). (R=60000).
We publish 68 measurements of Wolf-359 made with the MAROON-X
spectrograph at Gemini Observatory. The MAROON-X data were acquired
with both the red (649-920nm) and blue (491-670nm) arms simultaneously
during 34 observing nights.
Objects:
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RA (2000) DE Designation(s) (Period)
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10 56 28.92 +07 00 53.0 Wolf 359 = 1AXG J105630+0701 (P=2900d)
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table6.dat 39 275 Velocities used in the RVSearch analysis
table7.dat 101 12 Radial velocity measurements for observations
completed with Keck-HIRES
table8.dat 103 68 Radial velocity measurements for observations
completed with MAROON-X
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See also:
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
IV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
J/A+A/356/590 : The CORALIE survey for extrasolar planets II (Udry+, 2000)
J/A+A/439/1137 : PHOENIX model chromospheres of M dwarfs (Fuhrmeister+, 2005)
J/AJ/137/4186 : UBVRI standards around celestial equator (Landolt, 2009)
J/ApJ/710/1627 : Mid-IR photometry of cold brown dwarfs (Leggett+, 2010)
J/ApJ/743/48 : Stars with Prot and X-ray luminosities (Wright+, 2011)
J/ApJS/200/15 : HARPS-TERRA project. I. (Anglada-Escude+, 2012)
J/other/Nat/481.167 : 2002-2007 PLANET microlensing events (Assan+, 2012)
J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)
J/ApJ/834/85 : Hα emission in nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2017)
J/AJ/156/217 : Star properties for M dwarfs in MEarth-South (Newton+, 2018)
J/AJ/157/63 : Rad relations for low-metallicity M-dwarfs (Kesseli+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/231 : MLSDSS-GaiaDR2 sample of M and L dwarfs (Kiman+, 2019)
J/A+A/623/A85 : Evolutionary models cold and low-mass planets (Linder, 2019)
J/AJ/157/33 : Radial velocity exploration εEridani (Mawet+, 2019)
J/A+A/625/A71 : Radial velocity measurements for 7 stars (Rickman+, 2019)
J/ApJ/904/140 : Ruprecht 147 members & rot. data for 5 cl. (Curtis+, 2020)
J/A+A/636/A74 : HARPS radial velocity database (Trifonov+, 2020)
J/ApJS/254/42 : Hipparcos-Gaia (EDR3) Cat of Accelerations (Brandt, 2021)
J/MNRAS/508/3877 : Catalogue of white dwarfs in Gaia EDR3 (Gentile+, 2021)
J/A+A/652/A28 : Activity indicators across M dwarf domain (Lafarga+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/11 : EDEN project Flare activity of nearby Wolf 359 (Lin+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/181 : RVel & Hipparcos positions eEridani (Llop-sayson+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/189 : Gyro-kinematic ages for ∼30000 Kepler stars (Lu+, 2021)
J/AcA/71/1 : OGLE wide-orbit exoplanets (Poleski+, 2021)
J/ApJ/916/77 : K2 Prot for SDSS & Gaia M dwarfs (Popinchalk+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/518/662 : Benchmarking MESA isochrones with Hyades (Brandner+, 2023)
J/A+A/670/A139 : CARMENES search for exoplanets around Mdwarfs (Ribas+, 2023)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 F13.5 d BJD Barycentric Julian Date BJD-2400000
15- 20 F6.2 m/s RVel [-32.7/59.4] Radial velocity
22- 26 F5.2 m/s e_RVel [0.3/11] Uncertainty in RVel
28- 39 A12 --- Inst Instrument; CARMENES, HARPS, HIRES, MAROON-X (1)
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Note (1): HIRESk and HIRESj refer to Keck-HIRES observations made before
and after the detector upgrade in 2004.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 23 A23 --- Date Observation date; YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss.sss format
25- 37 F13.5 d BJD [2458532/2459633] Barycentric Julian Date
39- 46 F8.4 m/s RVel [-28.4/11] Radial velocity
48- 53 F6.4 m/s e_RVel [2/5] Uncertainty in RVel
55- 58 I4 ct Cts [1763/5117] Counts in raw 1D spectrum near
5500Angstroms
60- 65 F6.4 --- chi2 [1.3/1.6743] Median reduced chi-squared for the
observation over all chunks
67- 76 F10.3 m/s bVel [-29243/30512] Barycentric velocity at
flux-weighted midpoint
78- 83 F6.2 --- Svalue [49.1/108] CaHK S-value
85- 89 F5.3 --- e_Svalue [0.001] Uncertainty in svalue
91- 97 F7.2 km/s tRVel [-102/19.5] Telluric calibrated absolute
radial velocity
99-101 F3.1 km/s e_tRVel [0.1] Uncertainty in tRVel
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 A4 --- Arm MAROON-X arm identifier
6- 20 F15.7 d BJD [2459267/2459697] Barycentric Julian Date
22- 27 F6.2 m/s RVel0 [-16.7/11.5] Barycentric-corrected
radial velocity (1)
29- 32 F4.2 m/s e_RVel0 [0.2/2] Uncertainty in RVel0
34- 38 F5.1 --- SNPeak [48/580] Peak signal-to-noise in observation
40- 43 I4 s Exp [1800] Exposure time
45- 50 F6.2 m/s berv [-29.7/29.8] Flux-weighted barycentric
correction (2)
52- 55 F4.2 --- airmass [1.03/2.03] Observation airmass
57- 62 F6.2 --- dLW [-34.3/128] Differential linewidth of
observation (3)
64- 67 F4.2 --- e_dLW [0.2/3] Uncertainty in dLW
69- 74 F6.2 --- crx [-34/45.6] Chromatic index of observation (4)
76- 80 F5.2 --- e_crx [3/38] Uncertainty in crx
82- 82 I1 --- Epoch [1/5] Observing run epoch (5)
84- 87 F4.1 --- Offset [-1.6/11] Radial velocity offset measured
between observing runs
89- 91 F3.1 --- e_Offset [0/2] Uncertainty in Offset
93- 98 F6.2 m/s RVel [-17.2/3.48] Radial velocity (6)
100-103 F4.2 m/s e_RVel [0.3/3] Uncertainty in RVel
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Note (1): Pre offset correction by observing run epoch.
Note (2): Included in final velocities, standard barycentric correction
to radial velocity.
Note (3): An activity indicator described in the serval
documentation; 1000.m2/s2.
Note (4): An activity indicator described in the serval documentation; m/s/Np.
Note (5): With an applicable instrument offset.
Note (6): Barycentric-corrected and offset-corrected by observing
epoch radial velocity.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 12-Apr-2024