J/AJ/166/268 Angular diameters of 180 stars from the NPOI (Baines+, 2023)
33 new stellar angular diameters from the NPOI, and nearly 180 NPOI diameters as
an ensemble.
Baines E.K., Clark III J.H., Schmitt H.R., Stone J.M., von Braun K.
<Astron. J., 166, 268 (2023)>
=2023AJ....166..268B 2023AJ....166..268B
ADC_Keywords: Stars, diameters; Interferometry; Optical; Photometry;
Effective temperatures; MK spectral classification; Reddening
Keywords: Fundamental parameters of stars ; High angular resolution ;
Optical interferometry
Abstract:
We present new angular diameter measurements for 33 stars from the
Navy Precision Optical Interferometer, reaching uncertainties on the
limb-darkened diameter of 2% or less for 21 targets. We also
determined the physical radius, bolometric flux, luminosity, and
effective temperature for each star. Our sample is a mix of giant,
subgiant, and dwarf stars, and span spectral classes from mid-A to to
mid-K. We combined these 33 stars with samples from previous
publications to analyze how the NPOI diameters compare to those
obtained using other means, namely (V-K) color, the JMMC Stellar
Diameters Catalog, and Gaia predictions.
Description:
The Navy Precision Optical Interferometer (NPOI) is located on
Anderson Mesa near Flagstaff, Arizona. It consists of three main arms,
designated north, east, and west, and incorporates two subarrays: the
four fixed astrometric stations concentrated near the center of the
array and the imaging stations. In this paper, we used 21 unique
baselines. The minimum length of baseline used here was just under 9m,
while the longest was just over 79m.
For the earliest data from 1996 to 2001, we used the original version
of the "Classic" beam combiner that recorded data on one baseline per
spectrograph, of which there were three, and the light was dispersed
into 32 spectral channels spanning 450-950nm. For data from 2002 on,
we used the updated "Classic" beam combiner that records data over 16
spectral channels across 550-850nm. Every observation produced a pair
of scans: a 30s coherent (on the fringe) scan where the fringe
contrast was measured every 2ms, and an incoherent (off the fringe)
scan.
Our sample consists of 30 stars with previously unpublished data in
the NPOI data archive, and three stars observed solely in 2021, which
were chosen for their large angular sizes (≥4mas) due to the short
baselines available at the time. The dates of observations range from
1996 to 2021, and the entire data set totals more than 56,000 data
points. The smallest number of measurements for a given star is 102,
and the largest is 6529.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 70 33 Sample star properties
table3.dat 87 239 Observing log
table4.dat 86 36 Calibrator stars' SED inputs and resulting angular
diameters
table5.dat 86 33 Interferometric results
table7.dat 89 32 Derived stellar parameters
table8.dat 54 65 Comparing NPOI diameters to previous measurements
table9.dat 95 180 Current and previous NPOI diameters as an ensemble
fig2/* . 33 Visibility curves in JPG format (Data behind
Figure 2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
B/pastel : The PASTEL catalogue (Soubiran+, 2016-)
B/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2020)
II/21A : Narrow-Band Photometry of Late-Type Stars (Haeggkvist+ 1970)
II/84 : 13-color photometry of 1380 bright stars (Johnson+ 1975)
II/7A : UBVRIJKLMNH Photoelectric Catalogue (Morel+ 1978)
II/62 : Catalogue of Extinction Data (Neckel+, 1980)
II/122B : UBV Photoelectric Catalog: data 1953-1985 (Mermilliod 1987)
II/164 : DDO Photoelectric Photometric Catalog (Mermilliod+ 1989)
III/164 : Catalog of Eq.Widths of Interstellar 217nm Band (Friedemann 1992)
I/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)
III/232 : STELIB: A library of stellar spectra at R∼2000 (Le Borgne+, 2003)
I/284 : The USNO-B1.0 Catalog (Monet+ 2003)
I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
II/361 : MDFC Version 10 (Cruzalebes+, 2019)
V/137D : Extended Hipparcos Compilation (XHIP) (Anderson+, 2012)
VI/137 : GaiaSimu Universe Model Snapshot (Robin+, 2012)
J/A+AS/117/227 : Dwarf effective temperatures (Alonso+ 1996)
J/PASP/110/863 : A Stellar Spectral Flux Library: 1150 - 25000 A (Pickles 1998)
J/A+A/352/555 : Fundamental parameters of stars (Allende Prieto+, 1999)
J/AJ/117/1890 : Hipparcos binaries (Mason+, 1999)
J/AJ/127/1227 : Synthetic Stroemgren photometry (Clem+, 2004)
J/ApJS/154/673 : COBE DIRBE Point Source Catalog (Smith+, 2004)
J/ApJS/152/251 : Indo-US library of coude feed stellar spectra (Valdes+, 2004)
J/A+A/430/165 : Radial velocities for 6691 K and M giants (Famaey+, 2005)
J/A+A/434/1201 : ESO VLTI Calibrators Program (Richichi+, 2005)
J/A+A/431/773 : CHARM2, an updated of CHARM catalog (Richichi+, 2005)
J/MNRAS/367/1478 : Interstellar NaI, TiII & CaIIK obs. (Hunter+, 2006)
J/ApJ/647/312 : FUSE survey of OVI in the Milky Way (Otte+, 2006)
J/MNRAS/371/703 : MILES library of empirical spectra (Sanchez-Blazquez+, 2006)
J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)
J/ApJS/176/276 : PTI calibrator catalog (van Belle+, 2008)
J/ApJ/700/1299 : Gas-phase element depletions in the ISM (Jenkins, 2009)
J/ApJ/694/1085 : Radii of exoplanet host stars (van Belle+, 2009)
J/A+A/501/297 : Effective temperatures of B Supergiants (Zorec+, 2009)
J/ApJ/722/605 : A stellar rotation census of B stars (Huang+, 2010)
J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)
J/A+A/529/A75 : Limb-darkening coefficients (Claret+, 2011)
J/ApJ/757/112 : Stellar diameters. II. K and M-stars (Boyajian+, 2012)
J/ApJ/746/101 : Diameters and temperatures of AFG stars (Boyajian+, 2012)
J/A+A/538/A143 : Atmospheric parameters of stars for UV models (Koleva+, 2012)
J/ApJ/745/24 : A search for new companions with CHARA (Raghavan+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/449/3160 : Stellar multiplicity and debris discs (Rodriguez+, 2015)
J/ApJ/807/23 : Companions of RS CVn primaries.I. sig Gem (Roettenbacher+, 2015)
J/ApJ/826/171 : IR data of debris disk vs metallicity of stars (Gaspar+, 2016)
J/A+A/589/A83 : PCA-based inversion of stellar parameters (Gebran+, 2016)
J/AJ/153/212 : Obs. of binary stars at the WIYN telescope (Horch+, 2017)
J/A+A/597/A137 : HD 123999 and Alpha Cen A and B OIFITS files (Kervella+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/471/770 : Parameters & IR excesses of Gaia DR1 stars (McDonald+, 2017)
J/AJ/155/30 : Fundamental parameters of 87 stars from the NPOI (Baines+, 2018)
J/A+A/631/A48 : rho Cas differential BVRI photometry (van Genderen+, 2019)
J/ApJ/889/157 : Ages of FGK stars considering C and O abundances (Chen+, 2020)
J/A+A/640/A25 : Metal-poor stars limb-darkening coeff. (Karovicova+, 2020)
J/A+A/640/A2 : Dwarfs & giants surface bright.-colour relations (Salsi+, 2020)
J/AJ/162/198 : Fundamental parameters of 44 stars with NPOI (Baines+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 I6 --- HD [3712/224014] Henry Draper catalog (III/135A)
identifier
8- 11 I4 --- HR [168/9045] Yale Bright star catalog (V/50)
identifier
13- 16 I4 --- FK5 [21/3087]? Fifth Fundamental catalogue (I/149A,
I/175) identifier
18- 30 A13 --- Name Other Name for Target
32- 43 A12 --- SpType Spectral Type, from SIMBAD
45- 48 F4.2 mag Vmag [1.76/4.66] V-band magnitude, from Mermilliod,
1991 (II/168)
50- 55 F6.2 mas plx [-0.06/109.23] Parallax
57- 60 F4.2 mas e_plx [0.09/1.84] Uncertainty in plx
62 I1 --- r_plx [1/4] Reference for plx (1)
64- 68 F5.2 [-] [Fe/H] [-0.54/0.3] Metallicity
70 I1 --- r_[Fe/H] [5/7] Reference for FeH (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): References for plx and [Fe/H] are as follows:
1 = I/355 (Gaia DR3, 2022); 24 occurrences (plx)
2 = I/311 (van Leeuwen, 2007); 6 occurrences (plx)
3 = I/345 (Gaia DR2, 2018); 2 occurrences (plx)
4 = J/ApJ/687/1264 (Mamajek+, 2008); 1 occurrence (plx)
5 = V/137D (Anderson+, 2012); 30 occurrences ([Fe/H])
6 = J/ApJ/889/157 (Chen+, 2020); 6 occurrences ([Fe/H])
7 = J/ApJ/826/171 (Gaspar+, 2016); 2 occurrences ([Fe/H])
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 I6 --- HD [3712/224014] Henry Draper catalog
(III/135A) identifier
8- 13 I6 --- Calib [886/214923] Henry Draper catalog
(III/135A) calibrator star identifier
15- 25 A11 --- Date UT Date, YYYY-MM-DD
27- 80 A54 --- Baselines Baselines Used (1)
82- 83 I2 --- Nscans [1/48] Number of scans per baseline
85- 87 I3 --- Npoints [27/980] Number of calibrated V2
(visibility) measurements points
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Baseline length between telescope pairs as follows:
AC-AE = 18.9m
AC-AN = 22.8m
AC-AW = 22.2m
AC-E3 = 9.8m
AC-E6 = 34.4m
AC-W4 = 8.8m
AC-W7 = 51.3m
AE-AN = 34.9m
AE-AW = 37.5m
AE-E6 = 15.9m
AE-W4 = 26.7m
AE-W7 = 64.2m
AN-AW = 38.2m
AN-W7 = 66.4m
AW-E3 = 31.9m
AW-E6 = 53.3m
AW-W4 = 14.0m
AW-W7 = 29.5m
E3-W4 = 18.6m
E6-W4 = 42.5m
E6-W7 = 79.4m
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 I6 --- Calib [886/214923] Henry Draper catalog
(III/135A) calibrator star identifier
8- 15 A8 --- SpType Spectral Type, from SIMBAD
17- 20 F4.2 mag Umag [0.55/4.93] U-band mag, from Mermilliod,
1991 (II/168)
22- 25 F4.2 mag Bmag [1.41/4.75] B-band mag, from Mermilliod,
1991 (II/168)
27- 30 F4.2 mag Vmag [1.64/4.62] V-band mag, from Mermilliod,
1991 (II/168)
32- 35 F4.2 mag Rmag [1.71/4.69] R-band mag, from USNO-B1.0
catalog (Monet+2003, I/284)
37- 40 F4.2 mag Imag [1.84/4.82] I-band mag, from USNO-B1.0
catalog (Monet+2003, I/284)
42- 45 F4.2 mag Jmag [2.15/5.01] J-band mag, from 2MASS
(Cutri+2003, II/246)
47- 50 F4.2 mag Hmag [2.36/4.92] H-band mag, from 2MASS
(Cutri+2003, II/246)
52- 55 F4.2 mag Ksmag [2.38/4.81] Ks-band mag, from 2MASS
(Cutri+2003, II/246)
57- 61 I5 K Teff [6457/29242] Surface effective temperature
63- 66 F4.2 [cm/s2] logg [1.8/4.26] Log, surface gravity, cgs
68 I1 --- Ref [1/7] Reference for Teff, logg (1)
70- 73 F4.2 mag E(B-V) [0/0.31] Reddening
75- 76 I2 --- r_E(B-V) [8/19] Reference for E(B-V) (1)
78- 81 F4.2 mas theta-est [0.26/0.95] Estimated angular diameter (2)
83- 86 F4.2 mas e_theta-est [0.01/0.05] Uncertainty in theta-est
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): References for Teff, logg, and E(B-V) values are as follows:
1 = 2007astro.ph..3658P 2007astro.ph..3658P (Prugniel+, 2007)
2 = J/ApJS/152/251 (Valdes+, 2004)
3 = J/A+A/352/555 (Allende Prieto+, 1999)
4 = J/ApJ/722/605 (Huang+, 2010)
5 = J/A+A/589/A83 (Gebran+, 2016)
6 = B/pastel (Soubiran+, 2016-)
7 = III/232 (Le Borgne+, 2003)
8 = J/MNRAS/371/703 (Sanchez-Blazquez+, 2006)
9 = J/A+A/501/297 (Zorec+, 2009)
10 = J/AJ/127/1227 (Clem+, 2004)
11 = III/164 (Friedemann 1992)
12 = II/62 (Neckel+, 1980)
13 = J/MNRAS/367/1478 (Hunter+, 2006)
14 = J/ApJ/700/1299 (Jenkins, 2009)
15 = II/354 (Gontcharov+ 2018)
16 = J/ApJS/176/276 (van Belle+, 2008)
17 = J/ApJ/647/312 (Otte+, 2006)
18 = J/A+A/538/A143 (Koleva+, 2012)
19 = J/A+AS/117/227 (Alonso+ 1996)
Note (2): theta-est is the estimated angular diameter calculated using
the method described in Section 3.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 I6 --- HD [3712/224014] Henry Draper catalog
(III/135A) identifier
8 A1 --- Flag Flag on diameter fit (1)
10- 14 F5.3 mas theta-ud [0.613/9.365] Apparent uniform disk (UD)
angular diameter
16- 20 F5.3 mas e_theta-ud [0.001/0.019] Uncertainty in theta-ud
22- 25 I4 K K [3678/9760] Surface effective temperature
(2)
27- 30 F4.2 [cm/s2] logg [0.26/4.72] Log, surface gravity (2)
32- 35 F4.2 --- mu-i [0.41/0.82] Initial limb-darkening
coefficient (3)
37- 42 F6.3 mas theta-ld-i [0.715/10.144] Initial limb-darkening
angular diameter
44- 48 F5.3 mas e_theta-ld-i [0.008/0.205] Uncertainty in theta-ld-i
50- 53 F4.2 --- mu-f [0.43/0.82] Final limb-darkening
coefficient (3)
55- 60 F6.3 mas theta-ld-f [0.714/10.161] Final limb-darkening
angular diameter
62- 66 F5.3 mas e_theta-ld-f [0.007/0.205] Uncertainty in theta-ld-f
68- 71 F4.1 % sigtheta [0.2/28.7] Percent uncertainty in
theta-ld-f
73- 77 F5.1 10+6/s MaxSF [27.9/138.2] Maximum spatial frequency
for the diameter measurement, 10+6
cycles/second
79- 81 I3 --- Nscans [5/283] Total number of scans used
83- 86 I4 --- Nfit [102/6529] Number of data points in
angular diameter fit
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Flag as follows:
* = The diameter fit for this target may not be of
significant value without knowledge of the pulsation phase of the
star, as described in Section 5.
Note (2): The Teff and logg are from McDonald+2017 (J/MNRAS/471/770) except for
HD 224014, which is from Robin+2012 (VI/137).
Note (3): The initial linear, limb-darkening coefficient, mu-i, is
based on the Teff and logg listed in the table; the final mu-f is
based on the new Teff determination; see Section 4.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 I6 --- HD [3712/222107] Henry Draper catalog
(III/135A) identifier
8- 18 A11 --- SpType Spectral Type that provide best SED fit
20- 25 F6.2 Rsun Rad [0.87/173.1] Derived stellar radius
27- 30 F4.2 Rsun E_Rad [0.01/9.69] Symmetric or upper uncertainty
in Rad
32- 36 F5.2 Rsun e_Rad [0.21/10.8]?=" Lower uncertainty in Rad
38- 41 F4.1 % sigRad [0.4/28.7] Percent uncertainty in Rad
43- 46 F4.2 10-9W/m2 Fbol [0.0/6.68] Bolometric flux, 10-6erg/s/cm2,
SED fit
48- 52 F5.3 10-9W/m2 e_Fbol [0.0/0.038] Uncertainty in Fbol
54- 57 F4.2 mag AVmag [0.0/1.11] V-band reddening, SED fit
59- 62 F4.2 mag e_AVmag [0.0/0.01] Uncertainty in AVmag
64- 67 I4 K Teff [3733/8908] Final derived stellar effective
temperature
69- 71 I3 K e_Teff [5/994] Uncertainty in Teff
73- 76 F4.1 % sigTeff [0.1/14.4] Percent uncertainty in Teff
78- 83 F6.1 Lsun L [1.3/7508.0] Stellar luminosity
85- 89 F5.1 Lsun e_L [0.0/864.0] Uncertainty in L
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 I6 --- HD [3712/224014] Henry Draper catalog
(III/135A) identifier
8- 13 F6.3 mas theta-ld-f [0.71/10.17] Final theta-ld derived in
this work (see Table 5)
15- 19 F5.3 mas e_theta-ld-f [0.007/0.205] Uncertainty in theta-ld-f
21- 26 F6.3 mas theta-ld-lit [0.83/10.48]? Literature value of
theta-ld
28- 32 F5.3 mas e_theta-ld-lit [0.006/1]? Uncertainty in theta-ld-lit
34 A1 --- f_theta-ld-lit Flag for uniform disk (UD) angular
diameter (1)
36- 54 A19 --- r_theta-ld-lit Reference (ADS Bibcode) for theta-ld-l
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Flag as follows:
*= No LD diameter was provided, therefore we list the UD diameter here
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 I6 --- HD [432/224935] Henry Draper catalog
(III/135A) identifier
8- 13 F6.3 mas theta-ld-NPOI [0.5/12.12]
15- 19 F5.3 mas e_theta-ld-NPOI [0.005/0.36] theta-ld-NPOI uncertainty
21 I1 --- r_theta-ld-NPOI [1/5] Reference on theta-ld-NPOI (1)
23- 26 F4.2 mag Vmag [0.03/5.82] V-band mag, from Mermilliod,
1991 (II/168)
28- 31 F4.2 mag e_Vmag [0/0.14] Uncertainty on the Vmag
33- 36 F4.2 mag AVmag [0/1.77] V-band reddening, SED fit
38- 41 A4 --- r_AVmag Reference on AVmag (2)
43- 47 F5.2 mag Kmag [-1.72/3.82] K-band mag (3)
49- 52 F4.2 mag e_Kmag [0.01/0.4] Uncertainty on the Kmag
54- 58 F5.2 mas theta-ld-M [0.58/14.07] Angular diameter calculated
using equations from Mozurkewich+
(2003AJ....126.2502M 2003AJ....126.2502M)
60- 63 F4.2 mas e_theta-ld-M [0.05/1.83] theta-ld-M uncertainty
65- 69 F5.2 mas theta-ld-A [0.62/14.14] Angular diameter from Adam+
(2018MNRAS.473.3608A 2018MNRAS.473.3608A)
71- 74 F4.2 mas e_theta-ld-A [0.02/0.51] theta-ld-A uncertainty
76 A1 --- Flag Indicates whether or not the particular
star was within the color limits of
Adams+ (2018MNRAS.473.3608A 2018MNRAS.473.3608A) (4)
78- 83 F6.3 mas theta-ld-JSDC [0.46/12.3]? Angular diameter from the
JMMC Stellar Diameters Catalog
(Bourges+2014, II/346)
85- 89 F5.3 mas e_theta-ld-JSDC [0.11/0.98]? theta-ld-JSDC uncertainty
91- 95 F5.3 mas theta-ld-Gaia [0.08/9.91]? Angular diameter from Gaia
DR2 (I/345)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): References for theta-ld-NPOI as follows:
1 = J/AJ/155/30 (Baines+, 2018)
2 = J/AJ/162/198 (Baines+, 2021)
3 = This work
4 = 2023AJ....165...41B 2023AJ....165...41B (Baines+, 2023)
5 = 2014ApJ...781...90B 2014ApJ...781...90B (Baines+, 2014)
Note (2): References for AVmag as follows:
GM18 = II/354 (Gontcharov+ 2018)
S20 = J/A+A/640/A2 (Salsi+, 2020)
N80 = II/62 (Neckel+, 1980)
LB03 = III/232 (Le Borgne+, 2003)
F05 = J/A+A/430/165 (Famaey+, 2005)
None = No AVmag listed on VizieR
Note (3): K magnitudes are from 2MASS (Cutri+2003, II/246) for all stars except
HD 189319 and HD 192909, which are from J/A+A/431/773 (Richichi+, 2005) and
have an assigned error of 0.01.
Note (4): Flag as follows:
Y = The star is within the color limits (124 occurrences)
N = The star is not within the color limits (56 occurrences)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Robin Leichtnam [CDS] 25-Feb-2026