J/AJ/167/120 Circumstellar Disk Accretion Across Lagoon Nebula (Venuti+, 2024)
Circumstellar Disk Accretion Across the Lagoon Nebula: The Influence of
Environment and Stellar Mass.
Venuti L., Cody A.M., Beccari G., Rebull L.M., Irwin M.J., Thanvantri A.,
Thanvantri S., Alencar S.H.P., Leal C.O., Barentsen G., Drew J.E.,
Howell S.B.
<Astron. J., 167, 120 (2024)>
=2024AJ....167..120V 2024AJ....167..120V
ADC_Keywords: YSOs; Nebulae; Star Forming Region; Accretion; Optical;
Spectral types; Stars, diameters; Stars, masses
Keywords: Stellar accretion disks ; Young stellar objects ; Star forming
regions ; T Tauri stars ; Herbig Ae/Be stars ; Variable stars
; Light curves ; Multi-color photometry
Abstract:
Pre-main-sequence disk accretion is pivotal for determining the final
stellar properties and the early conditions for close-in planets. We
aim to establish the impact of internal (stellar mass) and external
(radiation field) parameters on the disk evolution in the Lagoon
Nebula massive star-forming region. We employ simultaneous u, g, r, i,
Hα time-series photometry, archival infrared data, and
high-precision K2 light curves to derive the stellar, disk, and
accretion properties for 1012 Lagoon Nebula members. We estimate that
of all young stars in the Lagoon Nebula, 34%-37% have inner disks
traceable down to ∼12µm, while 38%-41% are actively accreting. We
detect disks ∼1.5 times more frequently around G, K, and M stars than
around higher-mass stars, which appear to deplete their inner disks on
shorter timescales. We find tentative evidence for a faster disk
evolution in the central regions of the Lagoon Nebula, where the bulk
of the O/B population is located. Conversely, disks appear to last
longer at the nebula outskirts, where the measured fraction of
disk-bearing stars tends to exceed that of accreting and disk-free
stars. The derived mass accretion rates show a nonuniform dependence
on stellar mass between ∼0.2 and 5M☉. In addition, the typical
accretion rates appear to differ across the Lagoon Nebula extension,
with values twice lower in the core region than at its periphery.
Finally, we detect tentative radial density gradients in the surface
accretion shocks, leading to lags in the appearance of light curve
brightness features as a function of wavelength that can amount to
∼7%-30% of the rotation period.
Description:
The VST/OmegaCAM observations were conducted between 2016 June 16 and
July 10 under program 297.C-5033(A).
By adopting a dithered observing pattern with a sequence of two short
and two long exposures for each single observing block, VST/OmegaCAM
provided a five-band (u, g, r, i, Ha) map of an area of approximately
1.3x1.2deg around (R.A., decl.) ~(271.0, -24.36). Each star imaged
with VST/OmegaCAM was observed at least 6 (and generally 17) times at
a typical cadence of one visit per day over 14 nonconsecutive days
during the monitored period. Object fluxes were measured via the
Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit (CASU) pipeline 12 and were then
transformed into magnitudes and calibrated to the Sloan Digital Sky
Survey (SDSS) system.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 178 1012 List of Lagoon Nebula members included in this study
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See also:
IV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
J/ApJS/101/117 : UBVRIJHKLMNQ photometry in Taurus-Auriga (Kenyon+ 1995)
J/A+AS/123/63 : NGC 6530 multiwavelength photometry (van den Ancker+ 1997)
J/A+A/333/231 : O-M stars model atmospheres (Bessell+ 1998)
J/AJ/120/333 : UBVRI and Hα in NGC 6530 (Sung+, 2000)
J/A+A/395/499 : XMM observations in M8 and NGC6530 (Rauw+, 2002)
J/ApJ/593/1093 : IC 348 membership (Luhman+, 2003)
J/ApJ/608/781 : NGC 6530 Chandra X-ray catalog (Damiani+, 2004)
J/AJ/130/873 : Properties of BQS objects in SDSS DR3 area (Jester+, 2005)
J/A+A/430/941 : Star formation region NGC 6530 (Prisinzano+, 2005)
J/ApJ/660/1532 : Spitzer/IRAC-MIPS survey of NGC 2244 (Balog+, 2007)
J/AJ/134/1368 : Proper motions in NGC 2244 and NGC 6530 (Chen+, 2007)
J/ApJ/662/1067 : Spitzer observations of sigma Orionis (Hernandez+, 2007)
J/A+A/462/123 : VLT/Flames spectroscopic data of NGC6530 (Prisinzano+, 2007)
J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)
J/A+A/521/A61 : Stars associated to Eagle Nebula (Guarcello+ 2010)
J/MNRAS/407/1170 : IRAC photometry of M8 (Kumar+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/415/103 : IPHAS T Tauri candidates in IC 1396 (Barentsen+, 2011)
J/A+A/525/A47 : U-band photometry in sigma Orionis region (Rigliaco+, 2011)
J/ApJ/751/115 : Millimeter emission Taurus binary systems (Harris+, 2012)
J/ApJ/755/154 : Mass accretion rates from HST in the ONC (Manara+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/434/806 : Pre-main-sequence isochrones. II. SFR (Bell+, 2013)
J/ApJS/209/32 : Probable young stars in the MYStIX project (Broos+, 2013)
J/A+A/551/A107 : X-shooter spectra 24 young stellar objects (Manara+, 2013)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/ApJS/209/31 : The MYStIX IR-Excess Source catalog (MIRES) (Povich+, 2013)
J/AJ/147/82 : Monitoring of disk-bearing stars in NGC 2264 (Cody+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/440/2036 : VPHAS+ survey synthetic colours (Drew+, 2014)
J/ApJ/786/97 : Photospheric properties of T Tauri stars (Herczeg+, 2014)
J/A+A/570/A82 : Mapping accretion variability in NGC 2264 (Venuti+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/453/1026 : Lagoon Nebula M8 T tauri accretion rates (Kalari+, 2015)
J/ApJS/224/2 : K2 EPIC stellar properties for 138600 targets (Huber+, 2016)
J/A+A/600/A20 : Lupus YSOs X-shooter spectroscopy (Alcala+, 2017)
J/ApJ/838/61 : Candidate X-ray OB stars in MYStIX regions (Povich+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/477/5191 : Galactic young stellar cluster lifetimes (Richert+, 2018)
J/A+A/609/A10 : NGC2264 structure and star formation history (Venuti+, 2018)
J/AJ/157/85 : CIDA Variability Survey of Orion OB1. II. (Briceno+, 2019)
J/A+A/623/A25 : Photometric & astrometric study of NGC 6530 (Damiani+, 2019)
J/A+A/629/A67 : T Tauri in NGC 2264 cluster (Sousa+, 2019)
J/A+A/622/A72 : Intermediate-mass T Tau stars spectra (Villebrun+, 2019)
J/A+A/642/A56 : Diagnostic for accretion/outflow in NGC 2264 (Bonito+, 2020)
J/A+A/638/A21 : New Herbig Ae/Be & classical Be stars cat (Vioque+, 2020)
J/AJ/162/28 : Studying protoplanetary disks in SFRs with ALMA (Van+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/101 : K2 ugri & Hα photo in Lagoon Nebula (Venuti+, 2021)
J/ApJ/930/39 : 128 new Herbig stars (Vioque+, 2022)
J/A+A/670/A37 : Spatial & dynamical structure of NGC2264 (Flaccomio+, 2023)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 24 A24 --- Name Identifier (1)
26- 34 F9.5 deg RAdeg [270/272] Right Ascension (J2000)
36- 44 F9.5 deg DEdeg [-25/-23] Declination (J2000)
46- 46 A1 --- Memb [?y] Derived Membership flag
48- 49 A2 --- Disk [yn*? ] Disk classification (2)
51- 51 A1 --- Acc Accreting status classification (3)
53- 59 A7 --- K2var K2 light curve class (4)
61- 66 F6.3 mag umag [5.63/20.8]? VST/OmegaCAM u-band AB
magnitude
68- 73 F6.3 mag gmag [5.89/20.4]? VST/OmegaCAM g-band AB
magnitude
75- 80 F6.3 mag rmag [6.02/19.6]? VST/OmegaCAM r-band AB
magnitude
82- 87 F6.3 mag imag [6.10/18.6]? VST/OmegaCAM i-band AB
magnitude
89- 94 F6.3 mag Hamag [5.95/27.4]? VST/OmegaCAM narrow-band
Hα AB magnitude
96-100 A5 --- SpT Fitting-derived Spectral Type
102-107 F6.3 mag Avmag [0/10.4]? Fitting-derived V-band reddening
111-119 F9.3 Lsun Lbol [0.13/16112]? Bolometric luminosity
135-140 F6.3 Msun Mass [0.15/14.3]? Stellar mass, solar units
142-148 F7.3 Rsun Rad [0.45/152]? Stellar radius, solar units
154-157 F4.2 [yr] [Age] [5.01/7.78]? log, Age, years
160-166 F7.3 [Msun/yr] [Macc] [-10.5/-4.14]? log, Accretion rate
168-172 F5.3 [-] D[Macc]+ [0.009/2.04]? log amplitude of logMacc
variations above median (5)
174-178 F5.3 [-] D[Macc]- [0.01/1.42]? log amplitude of logMacc
variations below median (6)
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Note (1): Cross-identification number from one of the catalogs as follows:
EPIC = Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog, Huber+, 2016, J/ApJS/224/2
SCB = Sung+, 2000, J/AJ/120/333
WFI = Prisinzano+, 2005, J/A+A/430/941
2MASS = Skrutskie+, 2006, VII/233
VPHAS = VST Photometric Hα Survey of the Southern Galactic
Plane and Bulge (VPHAS+), Drew+, 2014, J/MNRAS/440/2036
GES = Gaia-ESO Survey (GES), Gilmore+, 2012Msngr.147...25G 2012Msngr.147...25G;
Randich+ 2013Msngr.154...47R 2013Msngr.154...47R, as published in
Prisinzano+, 2019, J/A+A/623/A159.
Note (2): Disk classification as follows:
y = high-confidence disk-bearing;
y* = disk-bearing with more uncertain classification;
n = high-confidence disk-free;
n*? = disk-free with more uncertain classification);
? = disk candidate;
blank values = cases for which a classification of the
corresponding source's disk status could not be achieved due to
lack of data.
Note (3): Accreting status classification as follows:
1 = accreting;
2 = potential accretor;
0 = non-accreting;
blank values = cases for which a classification of the
corresponding source's accreting status could not be achieved
due to lack of data.
Note (4): Morphological class of the K2 light curve for the target as
detailed in Venuti+, 2021, J/AJ/162/101. Possible values for this field
are
P = periodic;
QPS = quasi-periodic symmetric;
S = stochastic;
B = burster;
QPD = quasi-periodic dipper;
APD = aperiodic dipper;
MP = multi-periodic;
EB = eclipsing binary;
N = non-variable; and
U = unclassifiable.
Note (5): Logarithmic amplitude of mass accretion rate variations above
the typical (median) logMacc value measured over the monitored period.
Note (6): Logarithmic amplitude of mass accretion rate variations below
the typical (median) logMacc value measured over the monitored
period. This parameter is only provided for objects that showed
detectable logMacc levels at all epochs during our monitoring
campaign.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 17-May-2024