J/AJ/167/174 The POKEMON Speckle Survey of Nearby M Dwarfs. III. (Clark+, 2024)
The POKEMON Speckle Survey of Nearby M Dwarfs.
III. The Stellar Multiplicity Rate of M Dwarfs within 15pc
Catherine A. Clark, Gerard T. van Belle, Elliott P. Horch,
David R. Ciardi, Kaspar von Braun, Brian A. Skiff, Jennifer G. Winters,
Michael B. Lund, Mark E. Everett, Zachary D. Hartman, and Joe Llama
<Astron. J., 167, 174 (2024)>
=2024AJ....167..174C 2024AJ....167..174C
ADC_Keywords: Stars, M-type; Stars, double and multiple; Milky Way;
Photometry, UBVRIJKLMNH
Keywords: M dwarf stars; Low mass stars; Binary stars; Solar neighborhood
Abstract:
M-dwarfs are ubiquitous in our Galaxy, and the rate at which they host
stellar companions, and the properties of these companions, provide a
window into the formation and evolution of the star(s), and of any
planets that they may host. The Pervasive Overview of "Kompanions" of
Every M dwarf in Our Neighborhood (POKEMON) speckle survey of nearby M
dwarfs is volume limited from M0V through M9V out to 15pc, with
additional targets at larger distances. In total, 1125 stars were
observed, and 455 of these are within the volume-limited, 15pc sample
of M-dwarf primaries. When we combine the speckle observations with
known companions from the literature, we find that the stellar
multiplicity rate of M dwarfs within 15pc is 23.5%±2.0%, and that
the companion rate is 28.8%±2.1%. We also find that the projected
separation distribution for multiples that are known to host planets
peaks at 198au, while the distribution for multiples that are not yet
known to host planets peaks at 5.57au. This result suggests that the
presence of close-in stellar companions inhibits the formation of
M-dwarf planetary systems, similar to what has been found for FGK
stars.
Description:
We have carried out the POKEMON speckle survey of nearby M-dwarfs
using the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument and NN-Explore
Exoplanet Stellar Speckle Imager on the 4.3m Lowell Discovery
Telescope and the 3.5m Wisconsin-Indiana-Yale-NOIRLab telescope,
respectively.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 56 455 Targets in the volume-limited 15pc POKEMON
sample of M-dwarf primaries;
from erratum published in 2024, AJ, 168, 228
table4.dat 93 130 Known stellar companions to POKEMON primaries
within 15pc; from version sent by the author
refs.dat 72 92 References used for table4
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See also:
B/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2020)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
I/344 : The URAT Parallax Catalog (UPC). Update 2018 (Finch+, 2018)
IV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)
I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/A+A/597/A47 : CARMENES input catalogue of Mdwarfs II (Cortes-Contreras+ 2017)
J/AJ/153/117 : KOIs companions from high-resolution imaging (Hirsch+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/147 : Astrometry&photometry late-type dwarfs&subdwarfs (Dahn+, 2017)
J/AJ/155/265 : The solar neighborhood. XLIV. RECONS discoveries (Henry+, 2018)
J/AJ/159/139 : Mult. M dwarf stars with Robo-AO and Gaia DR2 (Lamman+, 2020)
J/AJ/161/134 : Survey of stellar & planetary comp. within 25pc (Hirsch+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/164 : Observation of 186 TESS stars with NESSI (WYIN) (Howell+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/75 : Speckle obs. TESS exoplanet host stars II (Lester+, 2021)
J/AJ/166/11 : Properties and radial velocities for 200 M-dwarfs (Pass+, 2023)
J/ApJS/231/15 : Astrometric monitoring ultracool dwarf binaries (Dupuy+, 2017)
J/AN/341/996 : Stellar companions of (C)TOIs (Mugrauer+, 2020)
J/A+A/595/A55 : Radial velocity data of HD 59686 A (Ortiz+, 2016)
J/A+A/619/A32 : CARMENES SB2 orbital parameters (Baroch+, 2018)
J/A+A/614/A76 : CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. III. (Jeffers+, 2018)
J/A+A/618/A115 : HD 147379 radial velocities (Kaminski+, 2018)
J/ApJ/898/47 : Fe/H & radii from blended of simulated binaries (Furlan+, 2020)
J/ApJS/216/7 : Planets Around Low-Mass Stars (PALMS). IV. (Bowler+, 2015)
J/ApJS/247/66 : SUPERWIDE; wide binaries in Gaia & SUPERBLINK (Hartman+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/475/1960 : ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter obs. of M dwarfs (Fouque+, 2018)
J/AJ/167/56 : POKEMON Speckle Survey of nearby M dwarfs. II. (Clark+, 2024)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 16 A16 --- Name 2MASS designation (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000)
or name
18- 36 I19 --- GaiaDR3 Gaia DR3 designation
38- 41 F4.1 mag Gmag [6.2/18.7] Gaia G magnitude
43- 46 F4.1 mag RPmag [5.5/17.1] Gaia RP magnitude
48- 51 F4.1 pc Dist [1.8/15] Distance
53- 54 I2 --- r_Dist [1/10] Reference for Dist (1)
56- 56 A1 --- Comp [Y/N] Known companion(s)? (Y)es or (N)o
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Note (1): References as follows:
1 = Dittmann et al. 2014, J/ApJ/784/156
2 = Dupuy et al. 2019AJ....158..174D 2019AJ....158..174D
3 = Dupuy & Liu 2017, J/ApJS/231/15
4 = Finch et al. 2018 I/344
5 = Gaia Collaboration 2018 I/345
6 = Gaia Collaboration et al. 2023A&A...674A...1G 2023A&A...674A...1G
7 = Henry et al. 2006AJ....132.2360H 2006AJ....132.2360H
8 = Riedel et al. 2010AJ....140..897R 2010AJ....140..897R
9 = Torres et al. 2010 J/other/A+ARV/18.67
10 = van Leeuwen 2007 I/311
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 16 A16 --- Name 2MASS designation (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000)
or name
18- 25 A8 --- Comp Component configuration for this row
27- 30 I4 yr Epoch [1831/2019]? Year of the measurement
32- 34 I3 deg PA [0/358]? Position angle
36- 40 F5.2 deg e_PA [0.03/28]? Uncertainty in PA
42- 49 F8.4 arcsec AngSep [0.005/294]? Angular separation
51- 56 F6.4 arcsec e_AngSep [0.0006/0.4]? Uncertainty in AngSep
58- 66 F9.4 AU ProjSep [0.005/2890]? Projected separation
68- 73 A6 --- Tech Technique (1)
75- 76 I2 --- r_Tech [1/92]? Reference for Tech (see refs.dat file)
78- 81 F4.2 mag Dmag [0/8.7]? Magnitude difference between components
83- 86 F4.2 mag e_Dmag [0.01/0.4]? Uncertainty in Dmag
88- 90 A3 --- Filt ? Filter or wavelength in nm of Dmag
92- 93 I2 --- r_Dmag [1/92]? Reference for Dmag (see refs.dat file)
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Note (1): Techniques and instruments used to detect and resolve systems.
AO det = adaptive optics;
astdet = detection via astrometric perturbation, companion often not
detected directly;
CCDdet = detection via CCD or other two-dimensional electronic imaging;
lkydet = detection via lucky imaging;
micdet = detection via a micrometry technique;
occdet = detection via occultation;
phodet = detection via a photographic technique;
radvel = detection via radial velocity, but no SB type indicated;
SB1 = spectroscopic multiple, single-lined;
SB2 = spectroscopic multiple, double-lined;
SB3 = spectroscopic multiple, triple-lined;
spcdet = detection via space-based technique;
spkdet = detection via speckle interferometry;
visdet = detection via wide-field CCD or other two-dimensional electronic
imaging.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Ref [1/92] Reference code
4- 35 A32 --- Auth Main author
37- 55 A19 --- BibCode BibCode of the reference
57- 72 A16 --- Cat Catalog reference in VizieR
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Acknowledgements:
Clark, Catherine A. [clarkc at ipac.caltech.edu]
History:
From electronic version of the journal
* 19-Sep-2024:Insert into VizieR
* 22-Jan-2025: Tables 2 and 4 taken from erratum published in
2024AJ....168..228C 2024AJ....168..228C
* 24-Jan-2025: Table 4 modified by the author for one object:
2MASS J19070556+2053168 instead of 19071320+2052372
References:
Clarck et al. Paper I. 2022AJ....164...33C 2022AJ....164...33C
Clarck et al. Paper II. 2024AJ....167...56C 2024AJ....167...56C Cat. J/AJ/167/56
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 28-May-2024