J/AJ/167/84 Kepler-105 radial velocity follows up (Householder+, 2024)
Investigating the Atmospheric Mass Loss of the Kepler-105 Planets Straddling the
Radius Gap.
Householder A., Weiss L.M., Owen J.E., Isaacson H., Howard A.W.,
Fabrycky D., Rogers L.A., Schlichting H.E., Fulton B.J., Petigura E.A.,
Giacalone S., Murphy J.M.A., Beard C., Chontos A., Dai F., Van Zandt J.,
Lubin J., Rice M., Polanski A.S., Dalba P., Blunt S., Turtelboom E.V.,
Rubenzahl R., Brinkman C.
<Astron. J., 167, 84 (2024)>
=2024AJ....167...84H 2024AJ....167...84H
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Spectra, infrared; Radial velocities
Keywords: Exoplanet atmospheres ; Exoplanet formation ; Exoplanet
evolution ; Radial velocity ; Transit timing variation method ;
Exoplanets
Abstract:
An intriguing pattern among exoplanets is the lack of detected planets
between approximately 1.5R⊕ and 2.0R⊕. One proposed
explanation for this "radius gap" is the photoevaporation of planetary
atmospheres, a theory that can be tested by studying individual
planetary systems. Kepler-105 is an ideal system for such testing due
to the ordering and sizes of its planets. Kepler-105 is a Sun-like
star that hosts two planets straddling the radius gap in a rare
architecture with the larger planet closer to the host star
(Rb=2.53±0.07R⊕, Pb=5.41days, Rc=1.44±0.04R⊕,
Pc=7.13days). If photoevaporation sculpted the atmospheres of these
planets, then Kepler-105b would need to be much more massive than
Kepler-105c to retain its atmosphere, given its closer proximity to
the host star. To test this hypothesis, we simultaneously analyzed
radial velocities and transit-timing variations of the Kepler-105
system, measuring disparate masses of Mb=10.8±2.3M⊕
(ρb=3.68±0.84g/cm3) and Mc=5.6±1.2M⊕
(ρc=10.4±2.39g/cm3). Based on these masses, the difference
in gas envelope content of the Kepler-105 planets could be entirely
due to photoevaporation (in 76% of scenarios), although other
mechanisms like core-powered mass loss could have played a role for
some planet albedos.
Description:
In this paper, we measured 93 radial velocity observations of
Kepler-105 with the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES) on
Keck I. The observations of Kepler-105 were performed using the C2
Decker with typical exposure times of 1800s (median S/N at
5500Å=89/pix).
Objects:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
RA (2000) DE Designation(s) (Period)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
19 11 32.95 +46 16 34.3 Kepler-105 = 2MASS J19113295+4616344 (7.13d)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 116 93 Kepler-105 radial velocity observations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
J/ApJ/775/L11 : Stellar rotation periods for KOIs (McQuillan+, 2013)
J/ApJS/217/16 : Kepler planetary candidates. V. 3yr Q1-Q12 (Rowe+, 2015)
J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey. III. Planet radii (Fulton+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/5 : Transit timing variations 145 Kepler planets (Hadden+, 2017)
J/ApJS/235/38 : Kepler planet cand. VIII. DR25 reliability (Thompson+, 2018)
J/AJ/160/3 : Rvel of M-dwarf LTT 3780 with HARPS (Cloutier+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/491/5287 : Exoplanet evaporation in multitransit systems (Owen+, 2020)
J/AJ/166/62 : New HIRES radial velocity data for V1298 Tau (Blunt+, 2023)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 23 A23 --- UTC Observation UTC start time (1)
25- 33 A9 --- ObsID CPS internal observation ID
35- 41 A7 --- Tel Instrument used
43- 56 F14.6 d BJD [2457197/2459504] Barycentric Julian Date
58- 63 F6.2 m/s RVel [-19.57/18.74] Relative radial velocity
65- 68 F4.2 m/s e_RVel [2.33/4.11] Uncertainty in relRV
70- 76 F7.1 ct Count [5096/16232] Counts in raw 1D spectrum near
5500 angstroms, e-
78- 82 F5.3 --- chi [1.07/1.19] Median reduced chi-squared for
observation over all chunks
84- 93 F10.3 m/s BV [-11647/10116] Barycentric velocity at
flux-weighted midpoint
95-100 F6.4 --- SHK [0.11/0.16] CaHK S value
102-106 F5.3 --- e_SHK [0.001] Uncertainty in sValue
108-112 F5.2 km/s tRVel [-0.3/0.44]? Telluric calibrated absolute
radial velocity
114-116 F3.1 km/s e_tRVel [0.1]? Error on tRVel
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss:sss format.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 29-Apr-2024