J/AJ/168/205 WIYN open cl. XC. RVs & orbital param. in NGC 2506 (Linck+, 2024)
WIYN open cluster study.
XC. Radial-velocity measurements and spectroscopic binary orbits in
the open cluster NGC 2506.
Linck E., Mathieu R.D., Latham D.W.
<Astron. J., 168, 205 (2024)>
=2024AJ....168..205L 2024AJ....168..205L
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, open; Radial velocities; Stars, double and multiple;
Spectra, optical; Binaries, spectroscopic
Keywords: Open star clusters ; Spectroscopic binary stars ; Radial velocity ;
Binary stars ; Blue straggler stars ; Yellow straggler stars ;
Orbit determination ; Stellar rotation
Abstract:
NGC 2506 is a rich, intermediate-age (2.0Gyr), metal-poor
([Fe/H]~-0.2) open cluster. This work presents the results of
12,157 spectroscopic radial-velocity measurements of 2442 stars in the
NGC 2506 field obtained over 41yr, made as part of the WIYN Open
Cluster Study. Radial-velocity measurements are complete for the
population of proper-motion member stars brighter than a
Gaia G magnitude of 15.5, in which 320 proper-motion and
radial-velocity cluster members were identified. Within the
observation limit of G<16.5, 469 proper-motion and radial-velocity
members were identified. This work reports on the characteristics of
NGC 2506, including projected spatial distribution, radial-velocity
dispersion, and virial mass. This work also presents orbital solutions
for 49 binary members with periods between 1 and 7580days. NGC 2506
has an incompleteness-corrected binary frequency for binaries with
periods less than 104days of 35%±5%. This work also discusses in
detail the 14 blue stragglers stars of NGC 2506 -- finding at least
64%±21% to be in binaries, five yellow straggler stars, and several
other stars of note.
Description:
Between 2005 December 14 through 2023 March 16, 12157 RV measurements
from spectra of 2442 stars in the NGC 2506 field have been obtained at
the Wisconsin-Indiana-Yale-NOAO (WIYN) Telescope. Spectra were taken
on the WIYN 3.5m telescope at Kitt Peak, Arizona using the Hydra MOS.
The WIYN telescope has a 1° field of view and 0.8" median seeing,
making it ideal for studying open clusters. The Hydra MOS has
approximately 80 3.1" aperture fibers that can be precisely placed on
targets. Our spectra span 250Å centered on 5125Å. This
wavelength range encompasses the Mg b triplet and a large number of
narrow metal absorption lines. The spectra were obtained using an
echelle grating in the 11th order and achieved a resolution of
approximately 20,000 and dispersion of 0.13Å/pixel. Further details
of our setup can be found in Geller+ 2008 (J/AJ/135/2264).
An additional 80 RV measurements of 33 giants in the NGC 2506 field
were obtained between 1982 November 28 and 1984 March 23 using the CfA
Digital Speedometers, a spectrograph. Further details of these CfA RV
measurements can be found in Geller+ 2015 (J/AJ/150/97).
Objects:
-----------------------------------------------------
RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
-----------------------------------------------------
08 00 02.10 -10 46 45.1 NGC 2506 = Cl Melotte 80
-----------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 402 2590 Star summary table
table3.dat 80 12157 Radial-velocity measurements
table6.dat 134 44 Orbital parameters for NGC 2506 single-lined
binaries
table7.dat 188 16 Orbital parameters for NGC 2506 double-lined
binaries
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/A+AS/109/375 : Blue stragglers in open clusters (Ahumada+, 1995)
J/A+A/463/789 : Blue stragglers in open clusters (Ahumada+, 2007)
J/A+A/465/965 : BI light curve of NGC 2506 variables (Arentoft+, 2007)
J/AJ/135/2264 : Stellar radial velocities in NGC 188 (Geller+, 2008)
J/AJ/137/3743 : Spectroscopic binary orbits in NGC 188 (Geller+, 2009)
J/AJ/138/159 : NGC 6819 stellar RV and photometry (Hole+, 2009)
J/AJ/139/1383 : Radial velocities in M35 (NGC 2168) (Geller+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/419/1350 : Red giants abundances in 4 open clusters (Reddy+, 2012)
J/AJ/147/138 : Rotational and RVs of red giants (Carlberg, 2014)
J/AJ/148/38 : WIYN open cl. LX.RV survey NGC 6819 (Milliman+, 2014)
J/AJ/148/61 : WIYN open cl. LIX.RVs of NGC 6791 (Tofflemire+, 2014)
J/AJ/150/97 : RVs in M67. I. 1278 candidate members (Geller+, 2015)
J/AJ/150/10 : WOCS. LXVI. Radial velocity survey in M35 (Leiner+, 2015)
J/AJ/152/192 : WOCS. LXXII. NGC 2506 study (Anthony-Twarog+, 2016)
J/AJ/151/152 : WOCS. LXXI. Sp.: 5 stars in NGC 6791 (Milliman+, 2016)
J/A+A/585/A150 : On the metallicity of open clusters. III. (Netopil+, 2016)
J/AJ/155/138 : WOCS.LXXVI.Velocity & abund. NGC2506 (Anthony-Twarog+, 2018)
J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the MW (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)
J/ApJS/245/13 : CDIPS. I. LCs from TESS sectors 6 and 7 (Bouma+, 2019)
J/A+A/633/A99 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in MW. II (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/499/1312 : Properties stars: open cluster NGC 2506 (Knudstrup+, 2020)
J/AJ/160/169 : WOCS.LXXXII. Orbital parameters & RVs NGC 7789 (Nine+, 2020)
J/AJ/161/190 : RVs of binary population in M67 (Geller+, 2021)
J/A+A/646/A104 : Improving the open cluster census. I. (Hunt+, 2021)
J/A+A/650/A67 : Blue & yellow straggler stars in open clusters (Rain+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 I6 --- ID [1001/136004]? WOCS source identification number
8- 26 I19 --- GaiaDR3 Gaia DR3 source identification number
28- 37 F10.6 deg RAdeg [119/121] Gaia DR3 right ascension (ICRS)
at Ep=2016.0 (α)
39- 48 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-11.4/-10.2] Gaia DR3 declination (ICRS)
at Ep=2016.0 (δ)
50- 54 F5.2 mag Gmag [9/20.2] Gaia DR3 G magnitude (G)
56- 60 F5.2 mag BP-RP [0/3]? Gaia DR3 BP-RP color (GBP-GRP)
62- 63 I2 --- N [0/53] Number of measurements
65- 70 F6.2 km/s RV [-46/318]? Mean radial velocity of star (1)
72- 77 F6.2 km/s e_RV [0/157]? External error (standard deviation) of
RV (e)
79- 83 F5.2 km/s s_RV [0.4/37]? Internal error of RV (i)
85 A1 --- l_vsini [>/<] Limit flag on vsini
87- 89 I3 km/s vsini [10/120]? Projected rotational velocity
91- 95 F5.1 --- e/i [0/392]? Ratio of external error over internal
error; eRV / sRV
97- 100 F4.2 --- PpmG [0/1]? Proper-motion membership probability from
Gaussian mixture model (GMM) (Pµ,G)
102- 105 F4.2 --- PpmH [0/1]? Proper-motion membership probability from
HDBSCAN (Pµ,H)
107- 110 F4.2 --- Prv [0/0.93]? Radial-velocity membership probability
(PRV)
112- 118 A7 --- Class Membership classification (2)
120- 124 A5 --- IDK20 Identifier in Knudstrup+ 2020, J/MNRAS/499/1312
126- 402 A277 --- Comment Comments
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Following scheme in Section 4.3.
Note (2): Classes are described in Section 5. Accronyms as follows:
SM = Single member: stars with e/i<4, PRV>50%, and Pµ,GMM>50%
(354 occurrences)
SNM = Single nonmember: stars with e/i<4 and either PRV<50%
or Pµ,GMM<50% (1272 occurrences)
BM = Binary member: velocity-variable stars (e/i≥4) with a completed
orbital solution, PRV>50%, and Pµ,GMM>50%
(49 occurrences)
BNM = Binary nonmember: velocity-variable stars with a completed
orbital solution and either PRV<50% or
Pµ,GMM<50% (11 occurrences)
BLM = Binary likely member: velocity-variable stars without a
completed orbital solution, PRV>50%,
and Pµ,GMM>50% (68 occurrences)
BLN = Binary likely nonmember: velocity-variable stars without a
completed orbital solution. Either PRV<50
or Pµ,GMM<50 and the range of RVs does not include
the cluster mean (243 occurrences)
BU = Binary unknown: velocity-variable stars without a completed
orbital solution. PRV<50%, but Pµ,GMM>50%,
and the range of individual RVs includes the cluster mean
(78 occurrences)
VRR, M = Very rapid rotator likely member: stars that are too rapidly
rotating (vsini>120km/s) for accurate RV measurements,
Pµ,GMM>50%. We include these stars as cluster members
(6 occurrences)
VRR, NM = Very rapid rotator likely nonmember: stars that are too rapidly
rotating for accurate RV measurements, Pµ,GMM<50%
(11 occurrences)
U = Unknown: stars with Pµ,GMM>50% that have fewer than
three RV measurements. Some of these stars are likely
RV members and/or binaries, but we do not have enough
measurements to conclusively make that determination
(205 occurrences)
UNM = Unknown nonmember: Pµ,GMM<50% stars that have fewer than
three RV measurements. These stars are included as many
had RV measurements taken prior to rebuilding our catalog
with proper-motion membership (293 occurrences)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 I6 --- ID [1001/136004]? WOCS source identification number
8- 26 I19 --- GaiaDR3 Gaia DR3 source identification number
28- 37 F10.4 d HJD [45302/60021] Truncated heliocentric Julian
date (HJD-2400000)
39- 46 F8.4 km/s RV1 [-87/319] Primary radial velocity
48- 51 F4.2 --- CH [0.23/0.99]? Primary cross-correlation peak
height (Correlation)
53- 58 F6.2 km/s (O-C)1 [-27/22]? Primary residual (O-C) value
60- 67 F8.4 km/s RV2 [-61/189]? Secondary radial velocity
69- 74 F6.2 km/s (O-C)2 [-49/40]? Secondary residual (O-C) value
76- 80 F5.3 --- Phase [0/1]? Orbital phase
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 I5 --- ID [1017/31040] WOCS source identifier
7- 17 F11.6 d Per [1.2/7580] Orbital period
19- 25 E7.1 d e_Per [3e-6/180] The 1σ error in Per
27- 32 F6.1 --- Ncyc [1/3269] Number of orbital cycles observed
34- 38 F5.2 km/s RVcm [79/88] Center-of-mass radial velocity
40- 43 F4.2 km/s e_RVcm [0.08/1.7] Standard uncertainty in gamma
45- 49 F5.2 km/s K [3/39.3] Orbital semi-amplitude velocity
51- 54 F4.2 km/s e_K [0.1/9] The 1σ error in K
56- 60 F5.3 --- e [5e-3/0.82] Orbital eccentricity
62- 66 F5.3 --- e_e [5e-3/0.21] The 1σ error in e
68- 72 F5.1 deg omega [0/355.1] Longitude of periastron
74- 78 F5.1 deg e_omega [0.9/400] The 1σ error in omega
80- 87 F8.2 d T0 [53210/59570] Truncated heliocentric Julian
date of periastron passage; HJD-2400000
89- 94 F6.2 d e_T0 [3e-2/210] The 1σ error in T0
96- 102 F7.3 10+6km asini [0.14/500] Projected semi-major axis
104- 110 F7.3 10+6km e_asini [7e-3/600] The 1σ error in asini
112- 118 E7.2 Msun f(M) [1.3e-5/0.28] Mass function
120- 125 E6.1 Msun e_f(M) [4e-6/0.3] The 1σ error in f(M)
127- 131 F5.3 km/s sigma [0.3/4.7] RMS residual velocity
133- 134 I2 --- Nobs [11/34] Number of observations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 I5 --- ID [2013/36037] WOCS source identifier
7- 16 F10.6 d Per [2.3/642] Orbital period
18- 24 E7.1 d e_Per [1e-5/2] The 1σ error in Per
26- 31 F6.1 --- Ncyc [6.3/1740] Number of orbital cycles observed
33- 37 F5.2 km/s RVcm [17/86] Center-of-mass radial velocity
39- 42 F4.2 km/s e_RVcm [0.06/1.6] Standard uncertainty in gamma
44- 49 F6.2 km/s K1 [19/113] Orbital semi-amplitude velocity of
primary
51- 53 F3.1 km/s e_K1 [0.1/4] The 1σ error in K1
55- 59 F5.2 km/s K2 [24/97] Orbital semi-amplitude velocity of
secondary
61- 64 F4.2 km/s e_K2 [0.13/6] The 1σ error in K2
66- 70 F5.3 --- e [6e-3/0.76] Orbital eccentricity
72- 76 F5.3 --- e_e [2e-3/4e-2] The 1σ error in e
78- 82 F5.1 deg omega [40/358] Longitude of periastron
84- 88 F5.1 deg e_omega [0.3/130] The 1σ error in omega
90- 97 F8.2 d T0 [55792/59648] Truncated heliocentric Julian
date of periastron passage; HJD-2400000
99- 104 F6.3 d e_T0 [0.018/10] The 1σ error in T0
106- 112 F7.3 10+6km a1sini [1.6/164] Projected semi-major axis of
primary
114- 118 F5.3 10+6km e_a1sini [1e-2/9] The 1σ error in a1sini
120- 125 F6.2 10+6km a2sini [2.1/380] Projected semi-major axis of
secondary
127- 131 F5.2 10+6km e_a2sini [0.05/50] The 1σ error in a2sini
133- 138 F6.3 Msun m1sini [3e-2/11] Projected mass of primary
(m1sin3i)
140- 144 F5.3 Msun e_m1sini [5e-3/4] The 1σ error in m1sini
146- 150 F5.3 Msun m2sini [0.023/4.7] Projected mass of secondary
(m2sin3i)
152- 156 F5.3 Msun e_m2sini [3e-3/1.1] The 1σ error in m2sini
158- 163 F6.4 --- q [0.43/1.2] The mass ratio
165- 170 F6.4 --- e_q [3.9e-3/8.1e-2] The 1σ error in q
172- 176 F5.2 km/s sigma1 [0.25/10.2] RMS residual velocity of primary
178- 182 F5.2 km/s sigma2 [0.73/13.3] RMS residual velocity of
secondary
184- 185 I2 --- Nobs1 [12/53] Number of observations of primary
187- 188 I2 --- Nobs2 [10/53] Number of observations of secondary
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
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(End) Prepared by [AAS], Robin Leichtnam [CDS] 19-Jun-2025