J/AJ/168/92 Single vs mult. planet syst. radius distribution (Liberles+, 2024)
Variations in the radius distribution of single- and compact multiple-transiting
planets.
Liberles B.T., Dittmann J.A., Elardo S.M., Ballard S.
<Astron. J., 168, 92 (2024)>
=2024AJ....168...92L 2024AJ....168...92L
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple; Exoplanets; Photometry, ugriz;
Parallaxes, trigonometric; Stars, diameters; Stars, masses
Keywords: Exoplanet catalogs ; Exoplanet dynamics ; Exoplanets ;
Extrasolar rocky planets ; Astrostatistics ; Exoplanet systems ;
Exoplanet tides ; Exoplanet atmospheres
Abstract:
Previous work has established the enhanced occurrence of compact
systems of multiple small exoplanets around metal-poor stars.
Understanding the origin of this effect in the planet formation
process is a topic of ongoing research. Here we consider the radii of
planets residing in systems of multiple transiting planets, compared
to those residing in single-transiting systems, with a particular
focus on late-type host stars. We investigate whether the two radius
distributions are consistent with being drawn from the same underlying
planetary population. We construct a planetary sample of 290 planets
around late K and M dwarfs containing 149 planets from
single-transiting planetary systems and 141 planets from
multi-transiting compact multiple planetary systems (54 compact
multiples). We performed a two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test,
Mann-Whitney U test, and Anderson-Darling k-sampling test on the
radius distributions of our two samples. We find statistical evidence
(p<0.0026) that planets in compact multiple systems are larger, on
average, than their single-transiting counterparts for planets with
Rp<6R⊕. We determine that the offset cannot be explained by
detection bias. We investigate whether this effect could be explained
via more efficient outgassing of a secondary atmosphere in compact
multiple systems due to the stress and strain forces of interplanetary
tides on planetary interiors. We find that this effect is insufficient
to explain our observations without significant enrichment in H2O
compared to Earth-like bulk composition.
Description:
In this work we used data from the Kepler Input Catalog (KIC;
see Brown+ 2011, J/AJ/142/112) and the NASA Exoplanet Archive
(in IPAC: doi:10.26133/NEA5).
We have compiled a list of stellar magnitudes for our 203 planetary
host stars through querying both the KIC and Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3;
see I/355) to generate Table 1.
Stellar parameters for 194 of the 203 host stars were pulled from
Berger+ (2023arXiv230111338B 2023arXiv230111338B). These 194 planetary systems consist of
141 single-transiting systems and 53 compact multiple systems.
Table 4 presents the list of planet parameters considered in our study
for all 290 planets.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 262 203 Stellar Parameters
table4.dat 36 290 Planet Parameters
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See also:
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)
V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/ApJ/622/1102 : The planet-metallicity correlation. (Fischer+, 2005)
J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)
J/ApJS/197/8 : Kepler's candidate mult. transiting planets (Lissauer+, 2011)
J/ApJ/767/95 : Stellar parameters of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013)
J/ApJ/790/146 : Planets in Kepler's multi-transiting systems (Fabrycky+, 2014)
J/ApJ/787/47 : 106 Kepler ultra-short-period planets (Sanchis-Ojeda+, 2014)
J/ApJ/814/130 : Planet occurrence rates calculated for KOIs (Mulders+, 2015)
J/AJ/152/158 : Final Kepler transiting planet search (DR25) (Twicken+, 2016)
J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). III. Radii (Fulton+, 2017)
J/ApJS/229/30 : Revised properties of Q1-17 Kepler targets (Mathur+, 2017)
J/AJ/155/48 : California-Kepler Survey. V. Masses & radii (Weiss+, 2018)
J/AJ/158/109 : Occurrence rates of planets orbiting FGK stars (Hsu+, 2019)
J/AJ/160/253 : IR photometry of late-type dwarfs in Kepler Field (Lu+, 2020)
J/AJ/161/203 : A sample of M or K-dwarfs from KIC and Gaia (Anderson+, 2021)
J/A+A/650/A201 : 10 parsec sample in the Gaia era first update (Reyle+, 2021)
http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA Exoplanet Archive homepage
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 19 I19 --- Gaia Gaia DR3 source identifier
21- 26 F6.2 deg RAdeg [280.3/300.4] Gaia DR3 right ascension
(ICRS) at Epoch=2016.0
28- 31 F4.2 mas e_RAdeg [0.01/1] Uncertainty in RAdeg
33- 37 F5.2 deg DEdeg [37.5/51.5] Gaia DR3 declination
(ICRS) at Epoch=2016.0
39- 42 F4.2 mas e_DEdeg [0.01/1] Uncertainty in DEdeg
44- 48 F5.2 mas plx [0.88/15]? Gaia DR3 parallax
50- 53 F4.2 mas e_plx [0.01/0.5]? Uncertainty in plx
55- 62 F8.1 ct/s Gflux [2206/195025] Gaia DR3 apparent broad band
flux; electrons/s
64- 67 F4.1 ct/s e_Gflux [1.7/78.2] Uncertainty in Gflux
69- 74 F6.3 mag Gmag [12.46/17.33] Gaia DR3 apparent broad band
magnitude
76- 82 F7.1 ct/s BPflux [540/60133] Gaia DR3 apparent blue band flux;
electrons/s
84- 88 F5.1 ct/s e_BPflux [7/106] Uncertainty in BPflux
90- 95 F6.3 mag BPmag [13.39/18.51] Gaia DR3 apparent blue band
magnitude
97- 104 F8.1 ct/s RPflux [1934/197399] Gaia DR3 apparent red band flux;
electrons/s
106- 110 F5.1 ct/s e_RPflux [8.6/220.1] Uncertainty in Rflux
112- 117 F6.3 mag RPmag [11.51/16.54] Gaia DR3 apparent red band
magnitude
119- 124 F6.1 K Teff [3283/6067]? Effective temperature
126- 131 F6.1 K e_Teff [3273/5948]? Lower uncertainty in Teff
133- 138 F6.1 K E_Teff [3309/6212]? Upper uncertainty in Teff
140- 145 F6.3 mag Jmag [10.29/14.84] 2MASS apparent J band magnitude
147- 151 F5.3 mag e_Jmag [0.019/0.05] Uncertainty in Jmag
153- 158 F6.3 mag Hmag [9.68/14.23] 2MASS apparent H band magnitude
160- 164 F5.3 mag e_Hmag [0.015/0.06] Uncertainty in Hmag
166- 171 F6.3 mag Ksmag [9.50/13.89] 2MASS apparent Ks band magnitude
173- 177 F5.3 mag e_Ksmag [0/0.07] Uncertainty in Ksmag
179- 184 F6.3 mag gmag [13.81/18.7] Apparent g band magnitude (Sloan)
186- 190 F5.3 mag e_gmag [0.025] Uncertainty in gmag
192- 197 F6.3 mag rmag [12.77/17.47] Apparent r band magnitude (Sloan)
199- 202 F4.2 mag e_rmag [0.02] Uncertainty in rmag
204- 209 F6.3 mag imag [12.45/16.97] Apparent i band magnitude (Sloan)
211- 214 F4.2 mag e_imag [0.02] Uncertainty in imag
216- 218 A3 --- --- [kic]
219- 226 I8 --- KIC Kepler Input Catalog Identifier
228- 232 F5.3 Rsun Rad [0.20/0.82] Stellar radius
234- 238 F5.3 Rsun E_Rad [0.004/0.05]? Upper uncertainty in Rad
240- 244 F5.3 Rsun e_Rad [0.005/0.05]? Lower uncertainty in Rad
246- 250 F5.3 Msun Mass [0.18/0.78]? Stellar mass
252- 256 F5.3 Msun E_Mass [0/0.06]? Upper uncertainty in Mass
258- 262 F5.3 Msun e_Mass [0/0.06]? Lower uncertainty in Mass
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- --- [kic]
4- 11 I8 --- KIC Kepler Input Catalog Identifier
13- 13 A1 --- Type Type of planetary system (1)
15- 20 F6.3 Rgeo Rp [0.38/29.65] Planetary radius value
22- 28 F7.3 % e_Rp [0.001/186] Relative percent uncertainty in Rp
30- 36 F7.3 d Per [0/628.2] Orbital period
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Note (1): Type as follows:
s = single (149 occurrences)
m = multiple (141 occurrences)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 14-Nov-2024