J/AJ/170/277 UHS DR3, PS1 DR2, Gaia DR3: High proper motion stars (Zhang+, 2025)
High proper motion discoveries from the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey.
Zhang W., Schneider A.C., Bickle T.P., Burgasser A.J., Softich E.,
Marocco F., Bardalez Gagliuffi D., Faherty J.K., Meisner A.M.,
Kirkpatrick J.D., Kuchner M.J., Kabatnik M., Kiwy F., Sainio A.,
Jorg Schumann, Selg-Mann K., Stevnbak Andersen N., Baller B., Beaulieu P.,
Bell J., Caselden D., Colin G., Dereveanco A., Frank C., Glebov K.,
Gramaize L., Hamlet L.K., Martin D.W., Pendrill W., Perlin S., Stenner A.,
Tanner C., Thevenot M., Thakur V.
<Astron. J., 170, 277 (2025)>
=2025AJ....170..277Z 2025AJ....170..277Z
ADC_Keywords: Stars, M-type; Proper motions; Photometry, ugriz; Optical;
Infrared; MK spectral classification
Keywords: Stellar astronomy ; Late-type stars ; M subdwarf stars ; Brown dwarfs
Abstract:
We used the third data release of the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey to
locate previously unrecognized high proper motion objects. We identify
a total of 127 new discoveries with total proper motions ≥300mas/yr.
A significant fraction of these sources with counterparts in the Gaia
DR3 catalog are found to be distant (>100pc) low-mass stars, where
their large tangential velocities and placement on color-magnitude
diagrams suggest that they are likely low-metallicity M-type
subdwarfs. Optical spectroscopy is used to confirm the low mass and
low metallicity for two such sources. Using available optical and
infrared photometry, we estimate the spectral type for all non-Gaia
sources and find 10 likely late-M dwarfs, 15 objects with colors most
consistent with L-type dwarfs, and nine possible T-type dwarfs.
Follow-up spectroscopy is needed to confirm spectral types and further
characterize these new discoveries.
Description:
The UK Infra-Red Telescope (UKIRT) Hemisphere Survey (UHS) provide
continuous J- and K-band coverage in the Northern hemisphere from a
declination of 0° to 60° by combining the existing Large Area
Survey, Galactic Plane Survey and Galactic Clusters Survey conducted
under the UKIRT Infra-red Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS; II/316, II/319)
programme with this new additional area not covered by UKIDSS.
We select all objects in the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey (UHS) DR3 with
total proper motion measurements >300mas/yr and an uncertainty
<20mas/yr as candidates, resulting in 24,391 total candidates. Each
candidate was visually inspected by two of us using UHS as well as
Pan-STARRS (DR2, II/389) images which have the advantage of
highlighting exceptionally red-optical sources. We then cross-checked
against Simbad and the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science
Project (BYW; Kuchner+, 2017ApJ...841L..19K 2017ApJ...841L..19K) which uses unWISE (II/363)
images from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) at infrared
bands centered at 3.4 and 4.6um.
We obtained follow-up optical spectra for UHS J1803+1516 and
UHS J1855+4054 with the KAST double spectrograph on the 3m Shane
Telescope located at the Lick Observatory on Mount Hamilton,
California. Data were acquired on 2025 July 27th. The resolutions was
λ/Δλ∼1800 over the 6300-9000Å wavelength range.
For both targets, the total exposure time was 1800s.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 388 127 UHS high proper motion discovery properties
table3.dat 21 89 Spectral type estimates for Gaia sources
table4.dat 36 36 Properties of non-Gaia sources
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See also:
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
I/351 : The extended Gaia-PS1-SDSS (GPS1+) proper motion catalog (Tian+, 2020)
II/316 : UKIDSS-DR6 Galactic Plane Survey (Lucas+ 2012)
II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
II/363 : The band-merged unWISE Catalog (Schlafly+, 2019)
II/365 : The CatWISE2020 catalog (updated version 28-Jan-2021) (Marocco+, 2021)
II/389 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR2 (Magnier+, 2025)
J/AJ/143/67 : SLoWPoKES.II. Properties of wide, low-mass binar. (Dhital+, 2012)
J/ApJS/201/19 : Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. I. (Dupuy+, 2012)
J/ApJ/783/122 : AllWISE motion survey (Kirkpatrick+, 2014)
J/ApJS/224/36 : The AllWISE motion survey (AllWISE2) (Kirkpatrick+, 2016)
J/ApJ/817/112 : NEOWISE/AllWISE high proper motion objects (Schneider+, 2016)
J/AJ/157/63 : Rad. relations for low-metall. M-dwarf stars (Kesseli+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/231 : MLSDSS-GaiaDR2 sample of M and L dwarfs (Kiman+, 2019)
J/A+A/628/A61 : X-shooter spectra of 43 metal-poor M dwarfs (Lodieu+, 2019)
J/AJ/159/30 : High proper-motion M-type stars spectr. obs. (Hejazi+, 2020)
J/A+A/649/A6 : Gaia Cat. of Nearby Stars - GCNS (Gaia collaboration, 2021)
J/ApJ/908/131 : M-subdwarf research. II. Cat. of ∼3000 subdwarfs (Zhang+, 2021)
J/ApJ/927/122 : Chem. properties of the local disk & halo. II. (Hejazi+, 2022)
J/AJ/166/103 : UKIRT Hemisphere Survey L, T & Y dwarfs cat. (Schneider+, 2023)
J/ApJS/271/55 : A full-sky 20pc census of stars & BDs (Kirkpatrick+, 2024)
J/A+A/695/A195 : New ultracool dwarf candidates from unTimely (Karpov+, 2025)
J/ApJS/280/15 : Extinction catalog from Gaia DR3 & LAMOST DR11 (Wang+, 2025)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanation
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1- 23 A23 --- UHS UHS DR3 name (UHS-Name)
25- 35 F11.7 deg RAdeg UHS DR3 right ascension (J2000) (RAdeg-UHS)
37- 46 F10.7 deg DEdeg UHS DR3 declination (J2000) (DEdeg-UHS)
48- 55 F8.3 yr Epoch [2013.39/2024.06] Epoch of UHS DR3 position
57- 63 F7.2 mas/yr pmRA-UHS [-507.72/467.73] UHS proper motion in RA
65- 69 F5.2 mas/yr e_pmRA-UHS [2.52/18.32] Uncertainty of UHS proper
motion in RA
71- 77 F7.2 mas/yr pmDE-UHS [-547.98/227] UHS proper motion in DE
79- 83 F5.2 mas/yr e_pmDE-UHS [2.52/18.32] Uncertainty of UHS proper
motion in DE
85- 90 F6.3 mag Jmag [14.86/18.72]? UHS J magnitude
92- 96 F5.3 mag e_Jmag [5e-3/0.11]? Uncertainty of UHS J magnitude
98- 103 F6.3 mag Hmag [14.15/18.85]? UHS H magnitude
105- 109 F5.3 mag e_Hmag [5e-3/0.19]? Uncertainty of UHS H magnitude
111- 116 F6.3 mag Kmag [13.89/18.64]? UHS K magnitude
118- 122 F5.3 mag e_Kmag [7e-3/0.31]? Uncertainty of UHS K magnitude
124- 140 A17 --- Disc Discoverer Code from the Backyard Worlds:
Planet 9 Citizen Science Project
(BYW-discoverer-code) (1)
142- 169 A28 --- GaiaDR3 Gaia DR3 (I/355) source identifier
(Name-Gaia)
171- 174 F4.2 mas plx-Gaia [1.57/8.9]? Gaia DR3 parallax
176- 179 F4.2 mas e_plx-Gaia [0.06/2.28]? Uncertainty of Gaia DR3
parallax
181- 187 F7.2 mas/yr pmRA-Gaia [-395.76/446.4]? Gaia DR3 proper motion in
RA
189- 192 F4.2 mas/yr e_pmRA-Gaia [0.05/2.22]? Uncertainty of Gaia DR3 proper
motion in RA
194- 200 F7.2 mas/yr pmDE-Gaia [-438.26/100.95]? Gaia DR3 proper motion in
DE
202- 205 F4.2 mas/yr e_pmDE-Gaia [0.06/1.39]? Uncertainty of Gaia DR3 proper
motion in DE
207- 212 F6.3 mag Gmag [17.18/21.1]? Gaia DR3 G magnitude
214- 218 F5.3 mag e_Gmag [3e-3/0.02]? Uncertainty of Gaia DR3 G
magnitude
220- 225 F6.3 mag BPmag [18.4/22.09]? Gaia DR3 G_RP magnitude
227- 231 F5.3 mag e_BPmag [0.01/0.46]? Uncertainty of Gaia DR3 G_RP
magnitude
233- 238 F6.3 mag RPmag [16.08/19.73]? Gaia DR3 G_BP magnitude
240- 244 F5.3 mag e_RPmag [5e-3/0.15]? Uncertainty of Gaia DR3 G_BP
magnitude
246- 248 I3 km/s Vtan [192/961]? Tangential velocity
250- 253 I4 km/s e_Vtan [1/1360]? Uncertainty of tangential
velocity
255- 275 A21 --- PS1 Pan-Starrs DR2 designation
277- 282 F6.3 mag gmag [18.85/22.24]? Pan-Starrs g magnitude
284- 288 F5.3 mag e_gmag [2e-3/0.22]? Uncertainty of Pan-Starrs g
magnitude
290- 295 F6.3 mag rmag [17.49/22.05]? Pan-Starrs r magnitude
297- 301 F5.3 mag e_rmag [2e-3/0.19]? Uncertainty of Pan-Starrs r
magnitude
303- 308 F6.3 mag imag [16.51/22.03]? Pan-Starrs i magnitude
310- 314 F5.3 mag e_imag [2e-3/0.24]? Uncertainty of Pan-Starrs i
magnitude
316- 321 F6.3 mag zmag [16.04/21.13]? Pan-Starrs z magnitude
323- 327 F5.3 mag e_zmag [2e-3/0.21]? Uncertainty of Pan-Starrs z
magnitude
329- 334 F6.3 mag ymag [15.83/20.61]? Pan-Starrs y magnitude
336- 340 F5.3 mag e_ymag [1e-3/0.25]? Uncertainty of Pan-Starrs y
magnitude
342- 360 A19 --- CWISE CatWISE 2020 (II/365) designation
362- 367 F6.3 mag W1mag [13.71/17.99]? CatWISE 2020 W1 magnitude
(Name-CWISE)
369- 373 F5.3 mag e_W1mag [0.01/0.13]? Uncertainty of CatWISE 2020 W1
magnitude
375- 380 F6.3 mag W2mag [13.55/17.84]? CatWISE 2020 W2 magnitude
382- 386 F5.3 mag e_W2mag [0.01/0.31]? Uncertainty of CatWISE 2020 W2
magnitude
388 A1 --- Note Note (2)
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Note (1): BYW Discoverer Codes as follows:
A = Nikolaj Stevnbak Andersen
B = Bruce Baller
C = Paul Beaulieu
D = John Bell
E = Tom Bickle
F = Dan Caselden
G = Guillaume Colin
H = Alexandru Dereveanco
I = Christoph Franck
J = Konstantin Glebov
K = Sam Goodman
L = Leopold Gramaize
M = Les Hamlet
N = Martin Kabatnik
O = Frank Kiwy
P = David W. Martin
Q = William Pendrill
R = Stephane Perlin
S = Arttu Sainio
T = Jorg Schumann
U = Karl Selg-Mann
V = Andres Guillermo Stenner
W = Christopher Tanner
X = Melina Thevenot
Y = Vinod Thakur
Note (2): If "Note" is blank (123 occurrences) then the WISE photometry is from
CatWISE 2020 (II/365); if "Note" is not blank then the WISE photometry is
sourced as follows:
1 = WISE data comes from AllWISE Source Catalog (II/328); 1 occurrence
2 = WISE data comes from CatWISE 2020 Reject Catalog; 3 occurrences
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- UHS UHS DR3 Name
16- 21 A6 --- SpType Spectral type, photometric estimate (1)
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Note (1): Photometric spectral type estimates derived from subdwarf seq,
Section 4.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- UHS UHS DR3 name
16- 19 A4 --- SpType Spectral type, photometric estimate
21- 23 I3 pc Dist [36/682] Distance (1)
25- 27 I3 pc e_Dist [7/157] Uncertainty in Dist
29- 32 I4 km/s Vtan [59/1271] Tangential velocity (1)
34- 36 I3 km/s e_Vtan [11/268] Uncertainty in Vtan
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Note (1): Estimates are based on photometric spectral types.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
License: CC-BY-4.0
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Robin Leichtnam [CDS] 04-Aug-2026