J/AJ/170/32 TI-DYE. III. TOI-2076 light curves & comoving stars (Barber+, 2025)
TESS Investigation-Demographics of Young Exoplanets (TI-DYE).
III. An inner super-Earth in TOI 2076.
Barber M.G., Mann A.W., Vanderburg A., Boyle A.W., Lopez Murillo A.I.
<Astron. J., 170, 32 (2025)>
=2025AJ....170...32B 2025AJ....170...32B
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Photometry, infrared; Optical; YSOs; Radial velocities
Keywords: Exoplanets ; Transit photometry ; Exoplanet evolution ;
Young star clusters
Abstract:
Young (<500Myr) multiplanet transiting systems are valuable
environments for understanding planet evolution by offering an
opportunity to make direct comparisons between planets from the same
formation conditions. TOI 2076 is known to harbor three
2.5-4R⊕ planets on 10-35days orbits. All three are JWST cycle
3 targets (for transmission spectroscopy). Here, we present the
detection of TOI 2076 e; a smaller (1.35R⊕) inner (3.02days)
planet in the system. We update the age of the system by analyzing the
rotation periods, lithium equivalent widths, color-magnitude diagram,
and variability of likely comoving stars, finding that TOI 2076 and
comoving planetary system TOI 1807 are 210±20Myr. The discovery of
TOI 2076 e is motivation to revisit known transiting systems in search
of additional planets that are now detectable with new TESS data and
updated search methods.
Description:
TOI 2076 (TIC 27491137) was first observed by TESS in Sector 16, from
2019 September 12 to 2019 October 6, and reobserved in Sector 23 (2020
March 19-2020 April 15), Sector 50 (2022 March 26-2022 April 22),
and Sector 77 (2024 March 25-April 23). The target was preselected
for 2min short-cadence light curves for Sectors 16 and 23, and 20s
short-cadence light curves for Sectors 50 and 77. During Sector 77,
TESS was put into Safe Mode April 6-16. Thus, it contains only
17.92days of science data. All TESS light curves used in this analysis
can be found in MAST: doi: 10.17909/t9-st5g-3177 and
10.17909/t9-nmc8-f686.
TOI 2076 has been previously clustered into groups by the Crius survey
(Crius 224, 0.1-0.7Gyr; Moranta+2022, J/ApJ/939/94) and by the GAPS
survey (300±80Myr; Nardiello+2022, J/A+A/664/A163). These clusters,
however, are small (26 and 76 members, respectively). We searched for
additional comoving stars in Crius 224 using FriendFinder
(Tofflemire+2021, J/AJ/161/171). To summarize, FriendFinder uses Gaia
Data Release 3 (I/355) astrometry and an input radial velocity of the
star of interest to compute XYZ positions and UVW velocities of nearby
stars. FriendFinder then looks for stars with tangential velocities
and XYZ coordinates within user-set bounds of the target.
Our final membership list includes 125 stars. In addition to TOI 2076,
the membership list includes TOI 1807, which was first seen to be
comoving with TOI 2076 in Hedges+ (2021AJ....162...54H 2021AJ....162...54H).
Objects:
-----------------------------------------------------
RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
-----------------------------------------------------
14 29 34.24 +39 47 25.5 TOI 2076 = TOI-2076
14 29 34.24 +39 47 25.5 TOI 2076 e = TOI-2076e
-----------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 106 489 Candidate co-moving stars with TOI 2076
fig1.dat 37 150367 Custom-extracted TESS light curve of TOI 2076
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See also:
B/sb9 : SB9: 9th Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (Pourbaix+ 2004-2014)
I/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
V/119 : Catalogue of field contact binary stars (Pribulla+, 2003)
V/122 : SB9: 9th Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (Pourbaix+ 2005)
J/ApJ/620/1010 : Spitzer 24µm photometry of A dwarfs (Rieke+, 2005)
J/ApJ/689/1295 : Li test implications for brown dwarfs (Kirkpatrick+, 2008)
J/ApJS/197/8 : Kepler's candidate multiple transiting planets (Lissauer+, 2011)
J/ApJ/733/115 : Rotation periods and membership in M34 (Meibom+, 2011)
J/ApJ/784/45 : Kepler's multiple planet candidates. III. (Rowe+, 2014)
J/ApJ/804/146 : Atmospheric parameters for nearby B-F stars (David+, 2015)
J/A+A/594/A63 : International Deep Planet Survey results (Galicher+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/114 : Pleiades members with K2 light curves. II. (Rebull+, 2016)
J/AJ/153/128 : WOCS. LXXV. Hyades&Praesepe stellar Li data (Cummings+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/224 : Transiting planets in young clusters from K2 (Rizzuto+, 2017)
J/A+A/613/A63 : Lithium content for 148 Pleiades stars (Bouvier+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/213 : Properties of N2K stars & new gas giant companions (Ment+, 2018)
J/ApJS/235/6 : Updated Multiple Star Catalog (MSC): Dec 2023 (Tokovinin, 2018)
J/AJ/155/48 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). V. Masses & radii (Weiss+, 2018)
J/A+A/625/A135 : Gal. interstellar dust Gaia-2MASS 3D maps (Lallement+, 2019)
J/ApJ/904/140 : Ruprecht 147 memb. & rot. data for 5 other cl. (Curtis+, 2020)
J/AJ/160/259 : HPF RVs and TESS photometry of TOI-1266 (Stefansson+, 2020)
J/ApJS/246/4 : Catalog of ultrawide binary stars from Gaia DR2 (Tian+, 2020)
J/A+A/652/A60 : Rotation periods for NGC 3532 (Fritzewski+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/24 : TRICERATOPS predictions for 384 TOIs (Giacalone+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/65 : THYME. IV. 3 Exoplanets around TOI-451 B (Newton+, 2021)
J/A+A/649/A3 : Gaia Early Data Release 3 photometric passbands (Riello+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/171 : THYME. V. Discov. a new stellar association (Tofflemire+, 2021)
J/ApJ/924/84 : λ Orionis PMS stars with Gaia & SPOTS (Cao+, 2022)
J/ApJS/262/21 : 3-D selection of 167 sub-stellar companions (Feng+, 2022)
J/AJ/163/156 : THYME. VI. TOI-1227 radial velocity (Mann+, 2022)
J/ApJ/939/94 : New associat. in Gaia DR3 solar neighborhood (Moranta+, 2022)
J/A+A/664/A163 : TOI-1807 RV and flux curves (Nardiello+, 2022)
J/AJ/164/115 : TESS Hunt for Young & Maturing Exoplanets. VII. (Newton+, 2022)
J/A+A/664/A156 : Young sub-Neptunes orbit TOI-2076 light curves (Osborn+, 2022)
J/AJ/163/179 : The California-Kepler Survey. X. (Petigura+, 2022)
J/ApJS/258/16 : TESS Eclipsing Binary stars. I. Sectors 1-26 (Prsa+, 2022)
J/AJ/166/62 : New HIRES radial velocity data for V1298 Tau (Blunt+, 2023)
J/AJ/166/33 : The TESS-Keck Survey. XV. 108 TESS Planets (MacDougall+, 2023)
J/AJ/166/28 : Validation of 69 exoplan. with ExoMiner V1.2 (Valizadegan+, 2023)
J/AJ/165/85 : THYME. IX. MELANGE-4 association members (Wood+, 2023)
J/A+A/690/A235 : Spectroscopic data of BD+40 2790 (TOI-2076) (Damasso+, 2024)
J/AJ/167/55 : Multiple-planet system resonances (Hamer+, 2024)
J/MNRAS/527/3183 : (Sub)Stellar companions of exoplanet hosts (Michel+ 2024)
J/ApJS/272/32 : TKS. XX. Exoplanet masses & orbit parameters (Polanski+, 2024)
J/AJ/167/210 : <200Myr planet's hosts TESS parameters (Vach+, 2024)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- GaiaDR3 Gaia DR3 (I/355) source identifier
21- 28 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right ascension (ICRS at Epoch=J2016.0)
30- 37 F8.4 deg DEdeg Declination (ICRS at Epoch=J2016.0)
39- 43 F5.2 mag Gmag [3.9/20.8] Gaia DR3 G band magnitude
45- 49 F5.2 mag BP-RP [-0.2/4.96]? Gaia DR3 (Blue-Red) color
51- 54 F4.2 km/s Voff [0/3.98]? Tangential velocity offset
56- 59 F4.2 km/s RVexp [0/3.98]? Expected radial velocity
61- 67 F7.2 km/s RV [-156.6/37.7]? Gaia DR3 radial velocity
69- 73 F5.2 km/s e_RV [0.12/24.94]? Uncertainty in RV
75- 79 F5.2 d Prot [0.2/20]? Rotational period
81- 84 F4.2 d e_Prot [0/2.24]? Uncertainty in Prot
86 A1 --- q_Prot Quality flag on Prot (1)
88- 92 F5.1 10-13m Li [-5.3/111.9]? Li line equivalent width;
milli-Angstroms (2)
94- 98 F5.1 10-13m e_Li [0/105]? Uncertainty in Li (2)
100 A1 --- FF Identified as comoving with TOI-2076 with
FriendFinder? (3)
102 A1 --- Crius Identified as comoving with TOI-2076 in the
Crius 224 survey (Moranta+2022,
J/ApJ/939/94)? (4)
104 A1 --- GAPS Identified as comoving with TOI-2076 in the
GAPS survey (Nardiello+2022, J/A+A/664/A163)?
(5)
106 A1 --- Final Source used in age analysis? (6)
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Note (1): Flags (described in Section 9.1) as follows:
g = good (138 occurrences)
f = fair (119 occurrences)
p = poor (190 occurrences)
b = binary (15 occurrences)
Note (2): From Nardiello+2022 (J/A+A/664/A163).
Note (3): 450 yes, 39 no.
Note (4): 28 yes, 461 no.
Note (5): 76 yes, 413 no.
Note (6): 125 yes, 364 no.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: fig1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 F19.14 d BJD [1738/3424] Barycentric Julian Date - 24570000
21- 26 F6.4 --- Flux [0.967/1.031]Relative flux
28- 33 F6.4 --- e_Flux [5e-4/1e-3] Uncertainty in Flux
35- 37 I3 s Cad [20/120] Cadence
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Barber et al. Pap II 2024ApJ...973L..30B 2024ApJ...973L..30B Cat. J/ApJ/973/30
Barber et al. Pap III 2025AJ....170...32B 2025AJ....170...32B This catalog
Barber et al. Pap IV 2026AJ....171...20B 2026AJ....171...20B Cat. J/AJ/171/20
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Robin Leichtnam [CDS] 14-Apr-2026