J/AJ/170/330 ALMA continuum obs. of spectr. binaries in Orion (Flaherty+, 2025)
The influence of tight binaries on protoplanetary disk masses.
Flaherty K., Knowlton P., Smith-Gandy T., Hughes A.M., Kounkel M.,
Jensen E., Muzerolle J., Covey K.
<Astron. J., 170, 330 (2025)>
=2025AJ....170..330F 2025AJ....170..330F
ADC_Keywords: Binaries, spectroscopic; Photometry; Infrared; Optical; VLBI;
Radio sources
Keywords: Binary stars ; Spectroscopic binary stars ; Protoplanetary disks
Abstract:
Binary systems are a common site of planet formation, despite the
destructive effects of the binary on the disk. While surveys of
planet-forming material have found diminished disk masses around
binaries with medium separation (∼10-100AU), less is known about tight
(<10AU) binaries, where a significant circumbinary disk may escape the
disruptive dynamical effects of the binary. We survey over 100
spectroscopic binaries in the Orion A region with the Atacama Large
Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), detecting significant continuum
emission among 21 of them with disk masses ranging from 1 to
100M⊕. We find evidence of systematically lower disk masses
among the binary sample when compared to single-star surveys, which
may reflect a diminished planet-forming potential around tight
binaries. The infrared excess fraction among the binary sample is
comparable to that of single stars, although the tight binaries
without significant ALMA emission display tentative evidence of weaker
3-5um excesses. The depletion of cold dust is difficult to explain by
clearing alone, and the role of additional mechanisms needs to be
explored. It may be the result of the formation pathway for these
objects, systematic differences in intrinsic properties (e.g.,
opacity) or a bias in how the sample was constructed.
Description:
We draw spectroscopic binaries from two surveys of Orion:
Kounkel+2016 (J/ApJ/821/8, hereafter K16) and
Fernandez+ (2017PASP..129h4201F 2017PASP..129h4201F, hereafter F17). Our sample
includes 65 sources from K16 and 65 sources from F17 for a total of
130 spectroscopic binaries. Of these, 109 are kept after applying
different selection criteria.
K16 uses and builds on multiepoch MMT-Hectochelle
(λ∼5150-5300Å, R∼35,000) and Magellan-MIKE
(λ∼5150-5210Å, R∼18,000) observations of 727 objects from
Tobin+2009 (J/ApJ/697/1103). The Hectochelle is an optical band,
fiber-fed, multiobject echelle spectrograph deployed at the MMT
Observatory on Mount Hopkins, Arizona, USA. The Magellan Inamori
Kyocera Echelle (MIKE) is a high-throughput double echelle
spectrograph mounted on the 6.5m Clay telescope at Las Campanas
Observatory in Chile.
F17, uses observations of 2700 pre-main-sequence stars from the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey APOGEE (λ∼1.5-1.6um, R∼22,500) INfrared
Spectroscopy of Young Nebulous Clusters program (IN-SYNC) survey of
the Orion A molecular cloud (Da Rio+2016, J/ApJ/818/59). Our sample
includes 65 sources from K16 and 65 sources from F17 for a total of
130 spectroscopic binaries. Of these, 109 are kept after applying
different selection criteria.
The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations
of this sample were collected on 2018 August 16 and 2018 August 23 in
Chile, with ∼40s on-source integrations. Baselines ranged from 15 to
500m. Three 2GHz wide continuum spectral windows, centered at
249.46GHz, 251.96GHz, and 264.96GHz, were utilized. A fourth spectral
window was centered at 267.52GHz, with a bandwidth of 937.5MHz and a
channel spacing of 1128.906kHz, corresponding to 1.3km/s, in order to
cover the HCO+(3-2) transition.
Infrared photometry is taken from Two Micron All Sky Survey
(2MASS, II/246), Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE, II/311),
and Spitzer Space Telescope (Megeath+2012, J/AJ/144/192) surveys. Gaia
DR3 observations (I/355) are used for the parallax, which is available
for all but four objects. Effective temperature (Teff), log(g), and young
stellar object class are taken from K16, Kounkel+2019 (J/AJ/157/196)
and Sizemore+2024 (2024AJ....167..173S 2024AJ....167..173S).
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 111 109 Continuum observations from ALMA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)
J/A+A/432/369 : Leiden Atomic and Molecular Database (LAMDA) (Schoeier+, 2005)
J/A+A/450/681 : Companions to close spectroscopic binaries (Tokovinin+, 2006)
J/ApJ/667/308 : Weak-line T Tauri in Spitzer c2d Survey. II. (Cieza+, 2007)
J/ApJ/674/336 : Spitzer observations of NGC 1333 (Gutermuth+, 2008)
J/ApJ/696/L84 : Primordial circumstellar disks in binary systems (Cieza+, 2009)
J/ApJ/697/1103 : Kinematics of Orion Nebula Cluster (Tobin+, 2009)
J/ApJ/709/L114 : Protoplanetary disks in PMS binaries (Duchene, 2010)
J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)
J/ApJ/751/115 : Millimeter emission from Taurus binary systems (Harris+, 2012)
J/ApJ/745/19 : Binary systems in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/192 : Spitzer survey of Orion A and B. I. YSO catalog (Megeath+, 2012)
J/other/Sci/337.1511 : Kepler-47 transits (Orosz+, 2012)
J/other/Nat/481.475 : RVs of Kepler-34b & Kepler-35b (Welsh+, 2012)
J/ApJ/771/129 : Submillimetric Class II sources of Taurus (Andrews+, 2013)
J/ApJ/768/127 : Q1-11 Kepler light curve of KIC 4862625 (Schwamb+, 2013)
J/ApJ/784/62 : Circumstell disks around binar stars in Taurus (Akeson+, 2014)
J/A+A/564/A125 : AGN Torus model comparison of AGN in the CDFS (Buchner+, 2014)
J/ApJ/794/125 : IN-SYNC. I. APOGEE stellar parameters (Cottaar+, 2014)
J/ApJ/828/46 : ALMA survey of Lupus protoplanetary disks. I. (Ansdell+, 2016)
J/ApJ/818/59 : IN-SYNC. IV. YSOs in Orion A (Da Rio+, 2016)
J/ApJ/827/96 : WISE census of YSOs in Canis Major (Fischer+, 2016)
J/ApJ/821/8 : Spectr. binary population of ONC and NGC2264 (Kounkel+, 2016)
J/ApJ/831/125 : ALMA 887um obs. of ChaI star-forming region (Pascucci+, 2016)
J/ApJ/835/8 : UBVR phot. of the T Tauri binary DQ Tau (Tofflemire+, 2017)
J/ApJ/859/21 : ALMA surv. of Lupus protoplanetary disks. II. (Ansdell+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/84 : APOGEE-2 survey of Orion Complex. II. (Kounkel+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/54 : TBOSS Survey. II. ALMA continuum obs. (Ward-Duong+, 2018)
J/ApJ/872/158 : Survey of Class II sources in Taurus with ALMA (Akeson+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/144 : Protoplanetary disk masses in Taurus (Ballering+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/196 : Close companions around young stars (Kounkel+, 2019)
J/A+A/624/A68 : 47 single-line eclipsing binar. BEBOP veloc. (Martin+, 2019)
J/ApJ/877/29 : Opt & NIR SMARTS/ANDICAM phot. for DQ Tau (Muzerolle+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/174 : Transit. planets in Kepler-47 circumbinary syst (Orosz+, 2019)
J/ApJ/902/107 : Spectroscopic binary multiplicity with Robo-AO (Laos+, 2020)
J/ApJ/890/130 : VANDAM survey of Orion protostars. II. (Tobin+, 2020)
J/A+A/661/A53 : Survey of Orion disks with ALMA (SODA) (van Terwisga+, 2022)
J/A+A/695/A74 : A new FUV flux cat. for disc-hosting stars (Anania+, 2025)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Ind [1/130] Sequencial ID
5- 6 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
8- 9 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
11- 16 F6.3 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
18 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
19- 20 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
22- 23 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
25- 29 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
31- 53 A23 --- Name Name of the source
55 A1 --- l_Flux [<] Limit flag on Flux
57- 62 F6.3 mJy Flux [0.58/56.6] Flux
64- 68 F5.3 mJy e_Flux [0.06/0.08]? Flux uncertainty
70 A1 --- l_Mdust [<] Limit flag on Mdust
72- 77 F6.2 Mgeo Mdust [0.83/194.4] Dust mass
79- 83 F5.2 Mgeo e_Mdust [0.18/13]? Mdust uncertainty
85- 88 I4 K Teff ? Effective temperature
90- 93 F4.2 cm/s2 logg ? Log of surface gravity
95- 99 F5.3 mas plx [0.4/4.42] Parallax
101- 105 F5.3 mas e_plx [0.01/1.04]? Uncertainty on plx
107 A1 --- f_plx [*] *=No Gaia detection; plx is assumed to be
the cluster average
109- 111 A3 --- Ref Reference (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Reference as follows:
F17 = Fernandez+2017 (2017PASP..129h4201F 2017PASP..129h4201F); 48 occurrences
K16 = Kounkel+2016 (J/ApJ/821/8); 61 occurrences
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
License: CC-BY-4.0
(End) Prepared [AAS], Robin Leichtnam [CDS] 01-Sep-2026