J/AJ/170/341 TOI-1458, 1516, 2046 TTVs from ADYU60, T100, TESS (Sonbas+, 2025)
A combined TESS and ground-based study of transit timing variations in HAT-P-16,
TOI-1516 and TOI-2046 systems.
Sonbas E., Kaplan K., Tanriver M., Keskin A., Dhuga K., Bulut A.,
Gogus E., Ogloza W.
<Astron. J., 170, 341 (2025)>
=2025AJ....170..341S 2025AJ....170..341S
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Photometry; Optical
Keywords: Exoplanets ; Exoplanet astronomy ; Exoplanet detection methods ;
Transit timing variation method
Abstract:
We present new results for the hot Jupiters HAT-P-16b, TOI-1516b, and
TOI-2046b, based on photometric observations collected using both
space- and ground-based facilities. Ground-based data were collected
in the 2020-2024 time span with the 0.6m telescope (ADYU60) located at
the Adiyaman University Application and Research Center (Adiyaman,
Turkiye) and the 1.0m telescope at the Turkiye National Observatory
(TUG, Turkiye). Through a combination of fits to our ground-based
data, the midtransit times data from TESS, and additional data taken
from the literature, we present an updated linear ephemeris for each
system. Transit timing variations (TTVs) were analyzed using linear,
orbital decay, and apsidal precession models. The resulting
BIC(ΔBIC) values indicate that the orbital decay model is
statistically favored for HAT-P-16b and TOI-1516b, while the constant
period model is preferred for TOI-2046b. False alarm probabilities
(FAPs) were computed to assess the significance of any periodic
signals. TOI-1516b displays a strong TTV signal with a FAP (of 0.0001)
well below the 0.01 threshold, suggesting a likely dynamical origin
that warrants further investigation. The higher FAP value (0.0055) for
HAT-P-16b suggests that the case of a possible presence of an
additional body in the system is less convincing. In contrast, the
much higher FAP value (0.0196) for TOI-2046b implies that there are no
statistically significant TTVs.
Description:
We observed a total of 11 transits for HAT-P-16b (between 2021 November
and 2024 December), 16 transits for TOI-1516b (between 2020 September
and 2024 December), and 13 transits for TOI-2046b (between 2020
October and 2024 December) with ADYU60 and three transits for
TOI-2046b (between 2021 December and 2023 August) with T100. The 0.6m
telescope ADYU60 is located at the Adiyaman University Application and
Research Center in Adiyaman, Turkey, and the 1.0m Ritchey-Chretien
telescope (T100) is located at the Bakirlitepe Mountain and is
operated remotely from Turkiye National Observatories located in
Antalya, Turkey. Photometric observations for ADYU60 were made with
the Johnson R filter and for T100 we used the Bessel R and V filters.
Observations of TOI-1516 and TOI-2046 were conducted by the Transiting
Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), in sectors 57 to 59 (09/30/22-12/23/22),
and 77 to 79 (03/26/24-06/18/24), with each sector featuring a 2min
short cadence integration. The light curves were sourced from the
Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). HAT-P-16b was observed
by TESS in sectors 17 (10/07/19-11/02/19) and 57 (09/30/22-10/29/22).
TESS uses a red-optical bandpass covering the wavelength range from
about 600 to 1000nm.
Objects:
---------------------------------------------------------
RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
---------------------------------------------------------
00 38 17.55 +42 27 47.2 HAT-P-16 = TOI-1458
22 40 20.26 +69 30 13.4 TOI-1516 = TIC 376637093
01 04 44.36 +74 19 52.8 TOI-2046 = TIC 468574941
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table10.dat 71 370 Mid-transit times of HAT-P-16, TOI-1516, and
TOI-2046
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See also:
J/A+A/428/1001 : Non-linear limb-dark. law for LTE models. III. (Claret, 2004)
J/ApJ/720/1118 : i-band photometry of HAT-P-16 (Buchhave+, 2010)
J/A+A/529/A75 : Limb-darkening coefficients (Claret+, 2011)
J/A+A/557/A30 : Transits of HAT-P-16 and WASP-21 (Ciceri+, 2013)
J/A+A/602/A107 : 231 transiting planets eccentricity and mass (Bonomo+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/4 : Times of transits and occultations of WASP-12b (Patra+, 2017)
J/AJ/159/150 : Transit times of 11 hot Jupiters (Patra+, 2020)
J/ApJ/888/L5 : Transits, occultation times and RVs of WASP-12b (Yee+, 2020)
J/AJ/164/220 : 10 exoplanets from Exoplanet Transit Database (Hagey+, 2022)
J/ApJS/259/62 : TESS transit timing of hot Jupiters (Ivshina+, 2022)
J/AJ/163/175 : WASP-12 individual transit fit with TESS (Wong+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table10.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 A8 --- Name System name (1)
10- 13 I4 --- Epoch [-339/1949] Epoch number
15- 28 F14.6 d BJD [2455027/2460713] Barycentric Julian date of
mid-transit
30- 37 F8.6 d e_BJD [6e-5/6.7e-3] Uncertainty in BJD
39- 48 F10.6 min O-C [-22.48/15.09] Residual
50- 71 A22 --- Ref References (2)
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Note (1): System occurrences as follows:
HAT-P-16 = 142 occurrences
TOI-1516 = 108 occurrences
TOI-2046 = 120 occurrences
Note (2): References as follows:
ADYU60 = This study; 39 occurrences
aladaug2021analysis = Aladag+2021 (2021TJAA....2...28A 2021TJAA....2...28A); 5 occurrences
buchhave2010hat = Buchhave+2010 (J/ApJ/720/1118); 1 occurrence
ciceri2013simultaneous = Ciceri+2013 (J/A+A/557/A30); 6 occurrences
ETD = https://var.astro.cz/en/Exoplanets; 174 occurrences
fox2022neossat = Fox+2022 (2022MNRAS.516.4684F 2022MNRAS.516.4684F); 2 occurrences
kabath2022toi = Kabath+2022 (2022MNRAS.513.5955K 2022MNRAS.513.5955K); 2 occurrences
sada2016exoplanet = Sada+2016 (2016PASP..128b4402S 2016PASP..128b4402S); 3 occurrences
Sun2023 = Sun+2023 (2023MNRAS.520.1642S 2023MNRAS.520.1642S); 15 occurrences
TESS = This study; 116 occurrences
TUG-T100 = This study; 6 occurrences
turner2016ground = Turner+2016 (2016MNRAS.459..789T 2016MNRAS.459..789T); 1 occurrence
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
License: CC-BY-4.0
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Robin Leichtnam [CDS] 03-Sep-2026