J/AJ/171/286 NETS. IV. RVs of confirmed planet HD 190360 d (Giovinazzi+, 2026)
The NEID Earth Twin Survey.
IV. Confirming an 89 days, m.sin(i)=10M⊕ planet orbiting a nearby
Sun-like star.
Giovinazzi M.R., Fitzmaurice E., Gupta A.F., Robertson P., Mahadevan S.,
Ford E.B., Alvarado-Montes J.A., Bender C.F., Blake C.H., Dong J.,
Fernandes R.B., Halverson S., Han Te, Kanodia S., Krolikowski D.M.,
Logsdon S.E., Ninan J.P., Roy A., Schwab C., Stefansson G., Terrien R.C.,
Wright J.T.
<Astron. J., 171, 286 (2026)>
=2026AJ....171..286G 2026AJ....171..286G
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Stars, double and multiple; Radial velocities;
Spectra, optical; Infrared
Keywords: Exoplanet astronomy ; Exoplanet systems ; Radial velocity
Abstract:
We present the confirmation of HD 190360 d, a warm
(P=88.690-0.049+0.051days), low-mass
(m.sin(i)=10.23-0.80+0.81M_⊕) planet orbiting the nearby
(d=16.0pc), Sun-like (G7) star HD 190360. We detect HD 190360 d at
high statistical significance even though its radial velocity (RV)
semiamplitude is only K=1.48±0.11m/s. Such low-amplitude signals are
often challenging to confirm due to potential confusion with
low-amplitude stellar signals. The HD 190360 system previously had two
known planets: the 1.7MJ (true mass) HD 190360 b on a 7.9yr orbit
and the 21M⊕ (minimum mass) HD 190360 c on a 17.1days orbit.
Here, we present an in-depth analysis of the HD 190360 planetary
system that comprises more than 30yr of RV measurements and absolute
astrometry from the Hipparcos and Gaia spacecraft. Our analysis uses
more than 1400 RVs, including nearly 100 from NEID. The proper motion
anomaly as measured by these two astrometric missions solves for the
dynamical mass of HD 190360 b and contributes to our understanding of
the overall system architecture, while the long baseline of RVs
enables the robust characterization of HD 190360 c and confirms the
discovery of HD 190360 d.
Description:
Our dataset consists of RVs from multiple spectrographs and absolute
astrometry from the Hipparcos-Gaia Catalog of Accelerations (HGCA;
Brandt+2021, J/ApJS/254/42). We obtain archival RV measurements from
ELODIE, Advanced Fiber Optic Echelle (AFOE), the high-resolution
echelle spectrometer (HIRES), Hamilton, and the Automated Planet
Finder (APF). In addition, we publish new NEID observations. We also
consider publicly available TESS (IV/39) photometry of HD 190360,
which was observed in Sectors 54 and 55 (07/09/22-09/01/22), 74 and 75
(01/03/24-02/26/24), as well as 81 and 82 (07/15/24-09/05/24).
NEID is a high-resolution (R>110,000) echelle spectrograph with
wavelength coverage greater than λ=380-930nm and internal RV
precision better than ∼27cm/s. It is located at the WIYN 3.5m Telescope
on Kitt Peak in Arizona, USA. As one of the NETS target stars,
HD 190360 has been monitored with NEID since 2021. In total, we use
93 NEID exposures from 2021 May 31-2024 November 18. This is 54 more
observations than those published in Giovinazzi+2025 (J/AJ/170/52).
Our NEID data are split into three RV eras (Run 0.5, Run 1, and Run 2)
following the RV zero-point offsets described in
Gupta+2025b (J/AJ/170/264). Run 0.5 corresponds to data taken prior to
2021 August 7. The break between Run 1 and Run 2 happened between UT
2022 June 14 and 2022 November 30. The NEID RVs used in this work are
made up of seven points from Run 0.5, 22 points from Run 1, and 64
points from Run 2.
Our analysis includes 1312 previously-published RV measurements from a
long history of observations. These measurements include:
- 56 RVs from the ELODIE spectrograph (on the 1.93m reflector
telescope at the Haute-Provence Observatory, France)
-13 RVs from AFOE spectrograph (on the Tillinghast 1.5m telescope at
the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory in Arizona, USA)
- the California Legacy Survey (Rosenthal+2021, J/ApJS/255/8)
- 146 RVs from Hamilton (at the Lick Observatory's Shane 3m telescope
in California, USA)
- 343 RVs from HIRES, with 91 and 252 from before and after a 2004 CCD
upgrade, respectively (at Keck Observatory on the 10m Keck I telescope
in Hawaii, USA)
- 754 RVs from APF (on the 2.4m telescope on Mount Hamilton at Lick
Observatory in California, USA)
Objects:
------------------------------------------------------
RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
------------------------------------------------------
20 03 37.40 +29 53 48.4 HD 190360 d = HD 190360d
------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 31 93 NEID radial velocities for HD 190360
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See also:
I/284 : The USNO-B1.0 Catalog (Monet+ 2003)
I/322A : UCAC4 Catalogue (Zacharias+, 2012)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
III/135A : Henry Draper Cat. and Extension (Cannon+ 1918-1924; ADC 1989)
IV/39 : TESS Input Catalog version 8.2 (TIC v8.2) (Paegert+, 2021)
J/ApJ/457/L99 : 25yr CaII-HK observations of F-K nearby stars (Baliunas+, 1996)
J/A+A/410/1051 : ELODIE surv. for north. extra-solar planets. II. (Naef+, 2003)
J/ApJS/152/261 : Chromospheric Ca II emission in nearby stars (Wright+, 2004)
J/ApJ/646/505 : Catalog of nearby exoplanets (Butler+, 2006)
J/AJ/132/161 : NStars project: The southern sample. I. (Gray+, 2006)
J/ApJS/210/25 : Transit timing var. for 15 planetary pairs. II. (Xie, 2014)
J/A+A/577/A128 : CARMENES input cat. of M dwarfs. I (Alonso-Floriano+, 2015)
J/ApJS/225/32 : Extended abundance analysis of cool stars (Brewer+, 2016)
J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Surv. (CKS). III. Planet radii (Fulton+, 2017)
J/ApJ/844/102 : KIC star plx from asteroseismology vs Gaia (Huber+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017)
J/AJ/157/52 : Radial velocity obs. in super-Earth systems (Bryan+, 2019)
J/A+A/629/A80 : ESPRESSO blind RV exoplanet survey cat. (Hojjatpanah+, 2019)
J/ApJS/254/42 : Hipparcos-Gaia (EDR3) Catalog of Accelerations (Brandt, 2021)
J/AJ/161/130 : List of 100 targets for NEID Earth Twin Survey (Gupta+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/134 : Survey of stellar & planetary comp. within 25pc (Hirsch+, 2021)
J/ApJS/255/8 : The California Legacy Surv. I. Planet catalog (Rosenthal+, 2021)
J/AJ/163/183 : S-value for 59 Sun-like starswith HIRES and HKP (Baum+, 2022)
J/AJ/163/218 : Radial velocity of Gliese 411 with APF and HIRES (Hurt+, 2022)
J/A+A/684/A117 : RVs of Teegarden's star (Dreizler+, 2024)
J/A+A/686/L2 : Dormant 33 solar-masses black hole (Gaia Collaboration, 2024)
J/AJ/167/271 : List of 213 planetary systems architectures (Volk+, 2024)
J/ApJS/270/8 : The KGPS. I. Kepler planet-host RVs from HIRES (Weiss+, 2024)
J/AJ/170/52 : NETS. II. RV & astrometry of 7 star systems (Giovinazzi+, 2025)
J/AJ/170/264 : NETS. III. Activity & RV from NEID of 41 systems (Gupta+, 2025)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 12 F12.4 d BJD [2459365/2460633] Barycentric Julian date at TBD
14- 22 F9.2 m/s RVel [-45326/-45271] NEID barycentric-correct radial
velocity
24- 27 F4.2 m/s e_RVel [0.2/0.55] Uncertainty in RVel
29- 31 F3.1 --- Run [0.5/2] Observation run (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Observation run as follows:
0.5 = "Run 0.5" (2020 October 26-2021 August 31); We identified an
apparent RV zero-point offset in the middle of Science Run 1 so
we consider this data as a separate "Run 0.5."; 7 occurrences
1.0 = Science Run 1 (2020 October 26-2022 June 16); 22 occurrences
2.0 = Science Run 2 (2022 October 18-2024 August 19); 64 occurrences
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
License: CC-BY-4.0
References:
Gupta et al. Pap I 2025AJ....169....1G 2025AJ....169....1G
Giovinazzi et al. Pap II 2025AJ....170...52G 2025AJ....170...52G J/AJ/170/52
Gupta et al. Pap III 2025AJ....170..264G 2025AJ....170..264G J/AJ/170/264
Giovinazzi et al. Pap IV 2026AJ....171..286G 2026AJ....171..286G This catalog
(End) Robin Leichtnam [CDS] 28-Jul-2026