J/AN/346/70025      Gaia RVS benchmark stars. III.               (Caffau+, 2025)

The Gaia RVS benchmark stars. III. Confirmed and new high radial velocity stars from GaiaDR3. Radial Velocity Stars From Gaia DR3. Caffau E., Katz D., Bonifacio P., Gomez A., Lallement R., Sartoretti P., Royer F., Panuzzo P., Spite M., Francois P., Leclerc N., Sbordone L., Thevenin F., Ludwig H.-G., Chemin L. <Astron. Nachr. 346, 70025 (2025)> =2025AN....34670025C (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Milky Way ; Stars, late-type ; Abundances Keywords: Galaxy: abundances = Galaxy: halo = stars: abundances = stars: Population II Abstract: High-velocity stars are interesting targets to unveil the formation of the Milky Way. In fact they can be recently accreted from an infalling dwarf galaxies or they can be the result of a turbulent merging of galaxies. Gaia is providing the community a way to select stars for their kinematics and the radial velocity, one of the speed components, is derived from the Gaia RVS spectrum. High absolute radial velocity values are sensitive to be false positive. They are rare and as such they are more easily impacted than lower velocity stars, by contamination by very low SNR spurious measures. We here investigate a sample of 26 stars with Gaia absolute radial velocity in excess of 500km/s with spectroscopic follow-up observations with UVES. For all but one star the extreme radial velocity is confirmed and these stars are all metal-poor and, as expected, enhanced in the elements. The complete chemical inventory confirm the large star-to-star scatter for the heavy elements and their on average larger ratio over iron with respect to the Sun, in agreement with the literature. Description: The sample consists of 26 stars selected to confirm/dismiss the high radial velocity (|Vr|>500km/s) derived by Gaia DR3. The UVES spectra were observed in programme 110.23V0.001 and programme 112.25D7.001, with setting DIC2 437+760 (wavelength ranges 373-499 and 565-946nm), slit 0.4" in the blue arm and 0.3" in the red arm (resolving power of 80000 in the blue arm and 110000 in the red arm). File Summary: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FileName Lrecl Records Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ReadMe 80 . This file table12.dat 104 25 Stars used in the paper (tables 1 and 2) rvs.dat 703 23 Detailed abundances from UVES spectra lines.dat 45 12521 List of lines used -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See also: J/A+A/651/A20 : Gaia RVS benchmark stars. I. (Caffau+, 2021) J/A+A/683/A72 : Gaia RVS benchmark stars. II. (Caffau+, 2024) Byte-by-byte Description of file: table12.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 7 A7 --- Name Name of the star as in the paper (RVSNNN) 9- 27 I19 --- GaiaDR3 Gaia DR3 source_id 29- 34 F6.3 mag Gmag Gaia G magnitude 36- 37 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000) 39- 40 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000) 42- 46 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000) 48 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000) 49- 50 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000) 52- 53 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000) 55- 59 F5.2 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000) 61- 65 F5.3 mag A0 Reddening 67- 73 F7.2 km/s RV Gaia radial velocity 75- 78 F4.2 km/s e_RV Gaia radial velocity error 80- 83 I4 K Teff Effective temperature 85- 88 F4.2 [cm/s2] logg Surface gravity 90- 93 F4.2 km/s micro Microturbulence 95- 99 F5.2 --- [Fe/H] Metallicity, [Fe/H] 101-104 F4.2 --- e_[Fe/H] ? Metallicity error -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: rvs.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 7 A7 --- Name Name of the star as in the paper (RVSNNN) 9- 18 A10 --- Star Internal star name 20- 25 F6.1 K Teff Effective temperature 27- 31 F5.3 [cm/s2] logg Surface gravity 33- 37 F5.3 km/s micro Microturbulence 39- 44 F6.3 --- [Fe1/H] Abundance [Fe/H] from FeI lines 46- 52 F7.3 --- OI ?=-99 A(O) from OI lines (1) 54- 58 F5.3 --- e_OI Uncertainty of A(O) from OI lines 60 I1 --- o_OI Number of OI lines 62- 68 F7.3 --- NaI A(Na) from NaI lines (1) 70- 74 F5.3 --- e_NaI Uncertainty of A(Na) from NaI lines 76 I1 --- o_NaI Number of NaI lines 78- 82 F5.3 --- MgI A(Mg) from MgI lines (1) 84- 88 F5.3 --- e_MgI Uncertainty of A(Mg) from MgI lines 90- 91 I2 --- o_MgI Number of MgI lines 93- 99 F7.3 --- AlI ?=-99 A(Al) from AlI lines (1) 101-105 F5.3 --- e_AlI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Al) from AlI lines 107 I1 --- o_AlI ?=0 Number of AlI lines 109-113 F5.3 --- SiI A(Si) from SiI lines (1) 115-119 F5.3 --- e_SiI Uncertainty of A(Si) from SiI lines 121-122 I2 --- o_SiI Number of SiI lines 124-130 F7.3 --- SiII ?=-99 A(Si) from SiII lines (1) 132-136 F5.3 --- e_SiII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Si) from SiII lines 138 I1 --- o_SiII ?=0 Number of SiII lines 140-146 F7.3 --- SI A(S) from SI lines (1) 148-152 F5.3 --- e_SI Uncertainty of A(S) from SI lines 154 I1 --- o_SI Number of SI lines 156-162 F7.3 --- KI A(K) from KI lines (1) 164-168 F5.3 --- e_KI Uncertainty of A(K) from KI lines 170 I1 --- o_KI Number of KI lines 172-176 F5.3 --- CaI A(Ca) from CaI lines (1) 178-182 F5.3 --- e_CaI Uncertainty of A(Ca) from CaI lines 184-185 I2 --- o_CaI Number of CaI lines 187-193 F7.3 --- CaII ?=-99 A(Ca) from CaII lines (1) 195-199 F5.3 --- e_CaII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Ca) from CaII lines 201 I1 --- o_CaII ?=0 Number of CaII lines 203-209 F7.3 --- ScI A(Sc) from ScI lines (1) 211-215 F5.3 --- e_ScI Uncertainty of A(Sc) from ScI lines 217 I1 --- o_ScI Number of ScI lines 219-223 F5.3 --- ScII A(Sc) from ScII lines (1) 225-229 F5.3 --- e_ScII Uncertainty of A(Sc) from ScII lines 231 I1 --- o_ScII Number of ScII lines 233-239 F7.3 --- TiI ?=-99 A(Ti) from TiI lines (1) 241-245 F5.3 --- e_TiI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Ti) from TiI lines 247-248 I2 --- o_TiI ?=0 Number of TiI lines 250-256 F7.3 --- TiII ?=-99 A(Ti) from TiII lines (1) 258-262 F5.3 --- e_TiII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Ti) from TiII lines 264-265 I2 --- o_TiII ?=0 Number of TiII lines 267-273 F7.3 --- VI ?=-99 A(V) from VI lines (1) 275-279 F5.3 --- e_VI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(V) from VI lines 281-282 I2 --- o_VI ?=0 Number of VI lines 284-290 F7.3 --- VII ?=-99 A(V) from VII lines (1) 292-296 F5.3 --- e_VII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(V) from VII lines 298 I1 --- o_VII ?=0 Number of VII lines 300-304 F5.3 --- CrI A(Cr) from CrI lines (1) 306-310 F5.3 --- e_CrI Uncertainty of A(Cr) from CrI lines 312-313 I2 --- o_CrI Number of CrI lines 315-321 F7.3 --- CrII ?=-99 A(Cr) from CrII lines (1) 323-327 F5.3 --- e_CrII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Cr) from CrII lines 329 I1 --- o_CrII ?=0 Number of CrII lines 331-337 F7.3 --- MnI ?=-99 A(Mn) from MnI lines (1) 339-343 F5.3 --- e_MnI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Mn) from MnI lines 345-346 I2 --- o_MnI ?=0 Number of MnI lines 348-354 F7.3 --- MnII ?=-99 A(Mn) from MnII lines (1) 356-360 F5.3 --- e_MnII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Mn) from MnII lines 362 I1 --- o_MnII ?=0 Number of MnII lines 364-368 F5.3 --- FeI A(Fe) from FeI lines (1) 370-374 F5.3 --- e_FeI Uncertainty of A(Fe) from FeI lines 376-378 I3 --- o_FeI Number of FeI lines 380-384 F5.3 --- FeII A(Fe) from FeII lines (1) 386-390 F5.3 --- e_FeII Uncertainty of A(Fe) from FeII lines 392-393 I2 --- o_FeII Number of FeII lines 395-401 F7.3 --- CoI ?=-99 A(Co) from CoI lines (1) 403-407 F5.3 --- e_CoI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Co) from CoI lines 409-410 I2 --- o_CoI ?=0 Number of CoI lines 412-418 F7.3 --- NiI ?=-99 A(Ni) from NiI lines (1) 420-424 F5.3 --- e_NiI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Ni) from NiI lines 426-427 I2 --- o_NiI ?=0 Number of NiI lines 429-435 F7.3 --- CuI ?=-99 A(Cu) from CuI lines (1) 437-441 F5.3 --- e_CuI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Cu) from CuI lines 443 I1 --- o_CuI ?=0 Number of CuI lines 445-451 F7.3 --- ZnI ?=-99 A(Zn) from ZnI lines (1) 453-457 F5.3 --- e_ZnI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Zn) from ZnI lines 459 I1 --- o_ZnI ?=0 Number of ZnI lines 461-467 F7.3 --- RbI ?=-99 A(Rb) from RbI lines (1) 469-473 F5.3 --- e_RbI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Rb) from RbI lines 475 I1 --- o_RbI ?=0 Number of RbI lines 477-483 F7.3 --- SrII ?=-99 A(Sr) from SrII lines (1) 485-489 F5.3 --- e_SrII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Sr) from SrII lines 491 I1 --- o_SrII ?=0 Number of SrII lines 493-499 F7.3 --- YII ?=-99 A(Y) from YII lines (1) 501-505 F5.3 --- e_YII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Y) from YII lines 507 I1 --- o_YII ?=0 Number of YII lines 509-515 F7.3 --- ZrI ?=-99 A(Zr) from ZrI lines (1) 517-521 F5.3 --- e_ZrI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Zr) from ZrI lines 523 I1 --- o_ZrI ?=0 Number of ZrI lines 525-531 F7.3 --- ZrII ?=-99 A(Zr) from ZrII lines (1) 533-537 F5.3 --- e_ZrII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Zr) from ZrII lines 539 I1 --- o_ZrII ?=0 Number of ZrII lines 541-547 F7.3 --- BaII ?=-99 A(Ba) from BaII lines (1) 549-553 F5.3 --- e_BaII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Ba) from BaII lines 555 I1 --- o_BaII ?=0 Number of BaII lines 557-563 F7.3 --- LaII ?=-99 A(La) from LaII lines (1) 565-569 F5.3 --- e_LaII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(La) from LaII lines 571-572 I2 --- o_LaII ?=0 Number of LaII lines 574-580 F7.3 --- CeII ?=-99 A(Ce) from CeII lines (1) 582-586 F5.3 --- e_CeII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Ce) from CeII lines 588-589 I2 --- o_CeII ?=0 Number of CeII lines 591-597 F7.3 --- PrII ?=-99 A(Pr) from PrII lines (1) 599-603 F5.3 --- e_PrII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Pr) from PrII lines 605 I1 --- o_PrII ?=0 Number of PrII lines 607-613 F7.3 --- NdII ?=-99 A(Nd) from NdII lines (1) 615-619 F5.3 --- e_NdII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Nd) from NdII lines 621-622 I2 --- o_NdII ?=0 Number of NdII lines 624-630 F7.3 --- SmII ?=-99 A(Sm) from SmII lines (1) 632-636 F5.3 --- e_SmII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Sm) from SmII lines 638-639 I2 --- o_SmII ?=0 Number of SmII lines 641-647 F7.3 --- EuII ?=-99 A(Eu) from EuII lines (1) 649-653 F5.3 --- e_EuII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Eu) from EuII lines 655 I1 --- o_EuII ?=0 Number of EuII lines 657-663 F7.3 --- TbII ?=-99 A(Tb) from TbII lines (1) 665-669 F5.3 --- e_TbII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Tb) from TbII lines 671 I1 --- o_TbII ?=0 Number of TbII lines 673-679 F7.3 --- DyII ?=-99 A(Dy) from DyII lines (1) 681-685 F5.3 --- e_DyII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Dy) from DyII lines 687 I1 --- o_DyII ?=0 Number of DyII lines 689-695 F7.3 --- OsI ?=-99 A(Os) from OsI lines (1) 697-701 F5.3 --- e_OsI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Os) from OsI lines 703 I1 --- o_OsI ?=0 Number of OsI lines -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): A(X) is defined as: A(X)=log(N(X)/N(H))+12. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: lines.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 7 A7 --- El Element 9- 18 A10 --- Star Internal star name 20- 27 F8.4 nm lambda Wavelength 29- 34 F6.3 [-] loggf Oscillator strength 36- 45 F10.3 cm-1 ELow Lower energy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Acknowledgements: Elisabetta Caffau, Elisabetta.Caffau(at)obspm.fr References: Caffau et al., Paper I 2021A&A...651A..20C 2021A&A...651A..20C Cat. J/A+A/651/A20 Caffau et al., Paper II 2024A&A...683A..72C 2024A&A...683A..72C, Cat. J/A+A/683/A72
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 18-Jun-2025
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