J/AN/346/70025 Gaia RVS benchmark stars. III. (Caffau+, 2025)
The Gaia RVS benchmark stars.
III. Confirmed and new high radial velocity stars from GaiaDR3.
Radial Velocity Stars From Gaia DR3.
Caffau E., Katz D., Bonifacio P., Gomez A., Lallement R., Sartoretti P.,
Royer F., Panuzzo P., Spite M., Francois P., Leclerc N., Sbordone L.,
Thevenin F., Ludwig H.-G., Chemin L.
<Astron. Nachr. 346, 70025 (2025)>
=2025AN....34670025C (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Milky Way ; Stars, late-type ; Abundances
Keywords: Galaxy: abundances = Galaxy: halo = stars: abundances =
stars: Population II
Abstract:
High-velocity stars are interesting targets to unveil the formation of
the Milky Way. In fact they can be recently accreted from an infalling
dwarf galaxies or they can be the result of a turbulent merging of
galaxies. Gaia is providing the community a way to select stars for
their kinematics and the radial velocity, one of the speed components,
is derived from the Gaia RVS spectrum. High absolute radial velocity
values are sensitive to be false positive. They are rare and as such
they are more easily impacted than lower velocity stars, by
contamination by very low SNR spurious measures. We here investigate a
sample of 26 stars with Gaia absolute radial velocity in excess of
500km/s with spectroscopic follow-up observations with UVES. For
all but one star the extreme radial velocity is confirmed and these
stars are all metal-poor and, as expected, enhanced in the elements.
The complete chemical inventory confirm the large star-to-star scatter
for the heavy elements and their on average larger ratio over iron
with respect to the Sun, in agreement with the literature.
Description:
The sample consists of 26 stars selected to confirm/dismiss
the high radial velocity (|Vr|>500km/s) derived by Gaia DR3.
The UVES spectra were observed in programme 110.23V0.001 and programme
112.25D7.001, with setting DIC2 437+760 (wavelength ranges 373-499 and
565-946nm), slit 0.4" in the blue arm and 0.3" in the red arm
(resolving power of 80000 in the blue arm and 110000 in the red arm).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table12.dat 104 25 Stars used in the paper (tables 1 and 2)
rvs.dat 703 23 Detailed abundances from UVES spectra
lines.dat 45 12521 List of lines used
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See also:
J/A+A/651/A20 : Gaia RVS benchmark stars. I. (Caffau+, 2021)
J/A+A/683/A72 : Gaia RVS benchmark stars. II. (Caffau+, 2024)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table12.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 A7 --- Name Name of the star as in the paper (RVSNNN)
9- 27 I19 --- GaiaDR3 Gaia DR3 source_id
29- 34 F6.3 mag Gmag Gaia G magnitude
36- 37 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
39- 40 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
42- 46 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
48 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
49- 50 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
52- 53 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
55- 59 F5.2 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
61- 65 F5.3 mag A0 Reddening
67- 73 F7.2 km/s RV Gaia radial velocity
75- 78 F4.2 km/s e_RV Gaia radial velocity error
80- 83 I4 K Teff Effective temperature
85- 88 F4.2 [cm/s2] logg Surface gravity
90- 93 F4.2 km/s micro Microturbulence
95- 99 F5.2 --- [Fe/H] Metallicity, [Fe/H]
101-104 F4.2 --- e_[Fe/H] ? Metallicity error
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: rvs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 A7 --- Name Name of the star as in the paper (RVSNNN)
9- 18 A10 --- Star Internal star name
20- 25 F6.1 K Teff Effective temperature
27- 31 F5.3 [cm/s2] logg Surface gravity
33- 37 F5.3 km/s micro Microturbulence
39- 44 F6.3 --- [Fe1/H] Abundance [Fe/H] from FeI lines
46- 52 F7.3 --- OI ?=-99 A(O) from OI lines (1)
54- 58 F5.3 --- e_OI Uncertainty of A(O) from OI lines
60 I1 --- o_OI Number of OI lines
62- 68 F7.3 --- NaI A(Na) from NaI lines (1)
70- 74 F5.3 --- e_NaI Uncertainty of A(Na) from NaI lines
76 I1 --- o_NaI Number of NaI lines
78- 82 F5.3 --- MgI A(Mg) from MgI lines (1)
84- 88 F5.3 --- e_MgI Uncertainty of A(Mg) from MgI lines
90- 91 I2 --- o_MgI Number of MgI lines
93- 99 F7.3 --- AlI ?=-99 A(Al) from AlI lines (1)
101-105 F5.3 --- e_AlI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Al) from AlI lines
107 I1 --- o_AlI ?=0 Number of AlI lines
109-113 F5.3 --- SiI A(Si) from SiI lines (1)
115-119 F5.3 --- e_SiI Uncertainty of A(Si) from SiI lines
121-122 I2 --- o_SiI Number of SiI lines
124-130 F7.3 --- SiII ?=-99 A(Si) from SiII lines (1)
132-136 F5.3 --- e_SiII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Si) from SiII lines
138 I1 --- o_SiII ?=0 Number of SiII lines
140-146 F7.3 --- SI A(S) from SI lines (1)
148-152 F5.3 --- e_SI Uncertainty of A(S) from SI lines
154 I1 --- o_SI Number of SI lines
156-162 F7.3 --- KI A(K) from KI lines (1)
164-168 F5.3 --- e_KI Uncertainty of A(K) from KI lines
170 I1 --- o_KI Number of KI lines
172-176 F5.3 --- CaI A(Ca) from CaI lines (1)
178-182 F5.3 --- e_CaI Uncertainty of A(Ca) from CaI lines
184-185 I2 --- o_CaI Number of CaI lines
187-193 F7.3 --- CaII ?=-99 A(Ca) from CaII lines (1)
195-199 F5.3 --- e_CaII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Ca) from CaII lines
201 I1 --- o_CaII ?=0 Number of CaII lines
203-209 F7.3 --- ScI A(Sc) from ScI lines (1)
211-215 F5.3 --- e_ScI Uncertainty of A(Sc) from ScI lines
217 I1 --- o_ScI Number of ScI lines
219-223 F5.3 --- ScII A(Sc) from ScII lines (1)
225-229 F5.3 --- e_ScII Uncertainty of A(Sc) from ScII lines
231 I1 --- o_ScII Number of ScII lines
233-239 F7.3 --- TiI ?=-99 A(Ti) from TiI lines (1)
241-245 F5.3 --- e_TiI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Ti) from TiI lines
247-248 I2 --- o_TiI ?=0 Number of TiI lines
250-256 F7.3 --- TiII ?=-99 A(Ti) from TiII lines (1)
258-262 F5.3 --- e_TiII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Ti) from TiII lines
264-265 I2 --- o_TiII ?=0 Number of TiII lines
267-273 F7.3 --- VI ?=-99 A(V) from VI lines (1)
275-279 F5.3 --- e_VI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(V) from VI lines
281-282 I2 --- o_VI ?=0 Number of VI lines
284-290 F7.3 --- VII ?=-99 A(V) from VII lines (1)
292-296 F5.3 --- e_VII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(V) from VII lines
298 I1 --- o_VII ?=0 Number of VII lines
300-304 F5.3 --- CrI A(Cr) from CrI lines (1)
306-310 F5.3 --- e_CrI Uncertainty of A(Cr) from CrI lines
312-313 I2 --- o_CrI Number of CrI lines
315-321 F7.3 --- CrII ?=-99 A(Cr) from CrII lines (1)
323-327 F5.3 --- e_CrII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Cr) from CrII lines
329 I1 --- o_CrII ?=0 Number of CrII lines
331-337 F7.3 --- MnI ?=-99 A(Mn) from MnI lines (1)
339-343 F5.3 --- e_MnI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Mn) from MnI lines
345-346 I2 --- o_MnI ?=0 Number of MnI lines
348-354 F7.3 --- MnII ?=-99 A(Mn) from MnII lines (1)
356-360 F5.3 --- e_MnII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Mn) from MnII lines
362 I1 --- o_MnII ?=0 Number of MnII lines
364-368 F5.3 --- FeI A(Fe) from FeI lines (1)
370-374 F5.3 --- e_FeI Uncertainty of A(Fe) from FeI lines
376-378 I3 --- o_FeI Number of FeI lines
380-384 F5.3 --- FeII A(Fe) from FeII lines (1)
386-390 F5.3 --- e_FeII Uncertainty of A(Fe) from FeII lines
392-393 I2 --- o_FeII Number of FeII lines
395-401 F7.3 --- CoI ?=-99 A(Co) from CoI lines (1)
403-407 F5.3 --- e_CoI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Co) from CoI lines
409-410 I2 --- o_CoI ?=0 Number of CoI lines
412-418 F7.3 --- NiI ?=-99 A(Ni) from NiI lines (1)
420-424 F5.3 --- e_NiI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Ni) from NiI lines
426-427 I2 --- o_NiI ?=0 Number of NiI lines
429-435 F7.3 --- CuI ?=-99 A(Cu) from CuI lines (1)
437-441 F5.3 --- e_CuI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Cu) from CuI lines
443 I1 --- o_CuI ?=0 Number of CuI lines
445-451 F7.3 --- ZnI ?=-99 A(Zn) from ZnI lines (1)
453-457 F5.3 --- e_ZnI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Zn) from ZnI lines
459 I1 --- o_ZnI ?=0 Number of ZnI lines
461-467 F7.3 --- RbI ?=-99 A(Rb) from RbI lines (1)
469-473 F5.3 --- e_RbI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Rb) from RbI lines
475 I1 --- o_RbI ?=0 Number of RbI lines
477-483 F7.3 --- SrII ?=-99 A(Sr) from SrII lines (1)
485-489 F5.3 --- e_SrII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Sr) from SrII lines
491 I1 --- o_SrII ?=0 Number of SrII lines
493-499 F7.3 --- YII ?=-99 A(Y) from YII lines (1)
501-505 F5.3 --- e_YII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Y) from YII lines
507 I1 --- o_YII ?=0 Number of YII lines
509-515 F7.3 --- ZrI ?=-99 A(Zr) from ZrI lines (1)
517-521 F5.3 --- e_ZrI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Zr) from ZrI lines
523 I1 --- o_ZrI ?=0 Number of ZrI lines
525-531 F7.3 --- ZrII ?=-99 A(Zr) from ZrII lines (1)
533-537 F5.3 --- e_ZrII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Zr) from ZrII lines
539 I1 --- o_ZrII ?=0 Number of ZrII lines
541-547 F7.3 --- BaII ?=-99 A(Ba) from BaII lines (1)
549-553 F5.3 --- e_BaII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Ba) from BaII lines
555 I1 --- o_BaII ?=0 Number of BaII lines
557-563 F7.3 --- LaII ?=-99 A(La) from LaII lines (1)
565-569 F5.3 --- e_LaII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(La) from LaII lines
571-572 I2 --- o_LaII ?=0 Number of LaII lines
574-580 F7.3 --- CeII ?=-99 A(Ce) from CeII lines (1)
582-586 F5.3 --- e_CeII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Ce) from CeII lines
588-589 I2 --- o_CeII ?=0 Number of CeII lines
591-597 F7.3 --- PrII ?=-99 A(Pr) from PrII lines (1)
599-603 F5.3 --- e_PrII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Pr) from PrII lines
605 I1 --- o_PrII ?=0 Number of PrII lines
607-613 F7.3 --- NdII ?=-99 A(Nd) from NdII lines (1)
615-619 F5.3 --- e_NdII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Nd) from NdII lines
621-622 I2 --- o_NdII ?=0 Number of NdII lines
624-630 F7.3 --- SmII ?=-99 A(Sm) from SmII lines (1)
632-636 F5.3 --- e_SmII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Sm) from SmII lines
638-639 I2 --- o_SmII ?=0 Number of SmII lines
641-647 F7.3 --- EuII ?=-99 A(Eu) from EuII lines (1)
649-653 F5.3 --- e_EuII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Eu) from EuII lines
655 I1 --- o_EuII ?=0 Number of EuII lines
657-663 F7.3 --- TbII ?=-99 A(Tb) from TbII lines (1)
665-669 F5.3 --- e_TbII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Tb) from TbII lines
671 I1 --- o_TbII ?=0 Number of TbII lines
673-679 F7.3 --- DyII ?=-99 A(Dy) from DyII lines (1)
681-685 F5.3 --- e_DyII ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Dy) from DyII lines
687 I1 --- o_DyII ?=0 Number of DyII lines
689-695 F7.3 --- OsI ?=-99 A(Os) from OsI lines (1)
697-701 F5.3 --- e_OsI ?=0 Uncertainty of A(Os) from OsI lines
703 I1 --- o_OsI ?=0 Number of OsI lines
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Note (1): A(X) is defined as: A(X)=log(N(X)/N(H))+12.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: lines.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 A7 --- El Element
9- 18 A10 --- Star Internal star name
20- 27 F8.4 nm lambda Wavelength
29- 34 F6.3 [-] loggf Oscillator strength
36- 45 F10.3 cm-1 ELow Lower energy
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Acknowledgements:
Elisabetta Caffau, Elisabetta.Caffau(at)obspm.fr
References:
Caffau et al., Paper I 2021A&A...651A..20C 2021A&A...651A..20C Cat. J/A+A/651/A20
Caffau et al., Paper II 2024A&A...683A..72C 2024A&A...683A..72C, Cat. J/A+A/683/A72
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 18-Jun-2025