J/ApJ/783/6 Deconvolved Spitzer images of 89 protostars (Velusamy+, 2014)
HiRes deconvolved Spitzer images of 89 protostellar jets and outflows: new data
on the evolution of the outflow morphology.
Velusamy T., Langer W.D., Thompson T.
<Astrophys. J., 783, 6 (2014)>
=2014ApJ...783....6V 2014ApJ...783....6V (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: YSOs
Keywords: infrared: ISM - ISM: jets and outflows - stars: formation -
stars: protostars
Abstract:
To study the role of protosellar jets and outflows in the time
evolution of the parent cores and the protostars, the astronomical
community needs a large enough database of infrared images of
protostars at the highest spatial resolution possible to reveal the
details of their morphology. Spitzer provides unprecedented
sensitivity in the infrared to study both the jet and outflow
features, however, its spatial resolution is limited by its 0.85 m
mirror. Here, we use a high-resolution deconvolution algorithm,
"HiRes," to improve the visualization of spatial morphology by
enhancing resolution (to subarcsecond levels in the IRAC bands) and
removing the contaminating side lobes from bright sources in a sample
of 89 protostellar objects. These reprocessed images are useful for
detecting (1) wide-angle outflows seen in scattered light, (2)
morphological details of H2 emission in jets and bow shocks, and (3)
compact features in MIPS 24 µm images as protostar/disk and
atomic/ionic line emission associated with the jets. The HiRes FITS
image data of such a large homogeneous sample presented here will be
useful to the community in studying these protostellar objects. To
illustrate the utility of this HiRes sample, we show how the opening
angle of the wide-angle outflows in 31 sources, all observed in the
HiRes-processed Spitzer images, correlates with age. Our data suggest
a power-law fit to opening angle versus age with an exponent of ∼0.32
and 0.02, respectively, for ages ≤ 8000 yr and ≥ 8000 yr.
Description:
The sample of Class 0 protostars, H2 jets, and outflow sources we
selected for HiRes deconvolution of Spitzer images are listed in
Table1. The majority of our target protostellar objects were selected
from "The Youngest Protostars" webpage hosted by the University of
Kent (http://astro.kent.ac.uk/protostars/old/), which are based on the
young Class 0 objects compiled by Froebrich 2005 (cat.
J/ApJS/156/169). In addition to these objects, our sample includes
some Herbig-Haro (HH) sources and a few well known jet outflow
sources. Our sample also includes one high-mass protostar
(IRAS20126+4104; cf. Caratti o Garatti et al., 2008A&A...485..137C 2008A&A...485..137C) to
demonstrate the use of HiRes for such sources. Our choice for target
selection was primarily based on the availability of Spitzer images in
IRAC and MIPS bands in the archives and the feasibility for
reprocessing based on the published Spitzer images wherever available.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 78 89 List of protostars, jets, and outflows in the
Spitzer HiRes processed sample
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See also:
J/ApJS/156/169 : Confirmed class 0 sources list (Froebrich, 2005)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Seq Running sequence number
4- 22 A19 --- Name Star name
24- 39 A16 --- OName Other name/region
41- 42 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascesnion (J2000)
44- 45 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
47- 51 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascesnion (J2000)
53 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
54- 55 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
57- 58 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
60- 63 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
65- 68 A4 --- Ref Reference (1)
70- 73 A4 --- Data Data (bcd or pbcd) (2)
75- 78 A4 --- Fig Figure number (3)
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Note (1): The reference codes are defined as follows:
1 = The Youngest Protostars webpage: http://astro.kent.ac.uk/protostars/old/
2 = Noriega-Crespo & Raga (2012ApJ...750..101N 2012ApJ...750..101N);
3 = Reipurth et al. (1993ApJ...408L..49R 1993ApJ...408L..49R);
4 = Enoch et al. 2009 (cat. J/ApJ/707/103);
5 = Bally et al. (1996ApJ...473L..49B 1996ApJ...473L..49B);
6 = Choi et al. (2006ApJ...646.1050C 2006ApJ...646.1050C);
7 = Connelley et al. 2008 (cat. J/AJ/135/2496);
8 = Wu et al. 2004 (cat. J/A+A/426/503);
9 = Launhardt et al. 2009 (cat. J/A+A/494/147);
10 = MHO catalog: http://astro.kent.ac.uk/~df/MHCat/
11 = Reipurth & Heathcote (1992A&A...257..693R 1992A&A...257..693R);
12 = Chen et al. (2008ApJ...683..862C 2008ApJ...683..862C);
13 = Noriega-Crespo et al. (2004ApJS..154..352N 2004ApJS..154..352N);
14 = Caratti o Garatti et al. (2008A&A...485..137C 2008A&A...485..137C);
15 = Massi et al. (2004A&A...419..241M 2004A&A...419..241M);
16 = Seale & Looney (2008ApJ...675..427S 2008ApJ...675..427S);
17 = Choi (2009ApJ...705.1730C 2009ApJ...705.1730C).
Note (2): The terms "bcd" and "pbcd" refer to the Basic Calibrated Data (BCD)
and post-BCD (pBCD) data from Spitzer archives, respectively, which were used
for HiRes deconvolution (see Section 2.2 in the paper for more details).
Note (3): Upper and lower panels of Figure 3 are explained as below:
Panel (a) = The 4.5µm and 24µm HiRes deconvolved images;
Panel (b) = 3-color representation of HiRes deconvolved Spitzer IRAC images.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Sylvain Guehenneux [CDS] 23-Mar-2016